Stability Of Cur Research Articles

Physicochemical and digestive properties of curcumin stabilized by quaternized chitosan/sodium alginate nanoemulsion coatings

Curcumin (Cur) is a bioactive substance, but its instability limits its use in the food system. Thus, a new polysaccharide-based coating is developed by combining quaternized chitosan (QCS) with sodium alginate (SA) in this study to improve the bioaccessibility and stability of Cur. The microstructure of the emulsion was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low-field pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (LF-NMR). The thermal, ionic strength, and pH stability of emulsions were measured. Results indicate that QCS/SA (1:1)-Cur is more stable than other three nanoemulsion systems and the encapsulation rate of which reaches 90.62 %. It also shows higher stability in gastric fluid, excellent bioaccessibility and FFAs in intestinal fluid, as well as significant antibacterial property, antioxidant activity and water dispersibility. This study introduces a new method for obtaining stable, functional Cur-coated systems for food applications.

PH-responsive hydrogel containing curcumin-loaded lipid nanocapsules for oral curcumin’s stability, bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption improvement

A liquid formulation with suitable consistency and sustained release characteristics can improve compliance in users with dysphagia.In the study, we prepared curcumin-loaded lipid nanocapsules (Cur-LNCs) and incorporated it in a mixture of sodium alginate, dextrin, calcium chloride and sodium citrate to form a pH-responsive pre-hydrogel solution (SA-DEX:Cur-LNCs). The SA-DEX:Cur-LNCs exhibited a pH-responsive solution-gel conversion: solubilized at near neutral (pH = 7) and rapidly gelatinized to a strong elastic gel at stomach acid (pH = 2.5). The SA-DEX:Cur-LNCs could effectively improve the thermal and pH stability of Cur, and maintain its antioxidant effect. Interestingly, the bioaccessibility of SA-DEX:Cur-LNCs in gastrointestinal was significantly increased to 37.00% when compared with free Cur. The SA-DEX:Cur-LNCs also significantly improved the small intestinal absorption of Cur, being 16 times higher than that of free Cur. Therefore, incorporating lipid nanocapsule in pH-responsive pre-hydrogel provided a new oral administration platform of hydrophobic bioactive compounds for compliance improvement of users with dysphagia.

Enhanced Dissolution and Bioavailability of Curcumin Nanocrystals Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion Technology.

Curcumin nanocrystals (Cur-NCs) were prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) technology to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of curcumin (Cur). Cur-NCs with different drug-carrier ratios were prepared by one-step extrusion process with Eudragit® EPO (EEP) as the carrier. The dispersed size and solid state of Cur in extruded samples were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability of Cur was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dissolution and pharmacokinetics were studied to evaluate the improvement of dissolution and absorption of Cur by nano-preparation. Cur-NCs with particle sizes in the range of 50~150 nm were successfully prepared by using drug-carrier ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1, and the crystal form of Cur was Form 1 both before and after HME. The extrudate powders showed very efficient dissolution with the cumulative dissolution percentage of 80% in less than 2 min, and the intrinsic dissolution rates of them were 13.68 ± 1.20 mg/min/cm2, 11.78 ± 0.57 mg/min/cm2 and 4.35 ± 0.20 mg/min/cm2, respectively, whereas that of pure Cur was only 0.04 ± 0.00 mg/min/cm2. The TGA data demonstrated that the degradation temperature of Cur was about 250 °C, while the HPLC results showed Cur was degraded when extruded at the temperature over 150 °C. Pharmacokinetic experiment showed a significant improvement in the absorption of Cur. The Cmax of Cur in the Cur-NC group was 1.68 times that of pure Cur group, and the Cmax and area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of metabolites were 2.79 and 4.07 times compared with pure Cur group. Cur-NCs can be prepared by HME technology in one step, which significantly improves the dissolution and bioavailability of Cur. Such a novel method for preparing insoluble drug nanocrystals has broad application prospects.

Improved light and ultraviolet stability of curcumin encapsulated in emulsion gels prepared with corn starch, OSA-starch and whey protein isolate

The objective of this study was to enhance the bioavailability and stability of curcumin (Cur) by encapsulating it in corn starch (CS)/octenylsuccinic acid modified (OSA)-starch-whey protein isolate (WPI) emulsion gels (EGs). As the volume fraction of the oil phase increased, the droplet size and ζ- potential of the EGs decreased. The encapsulation efficiency and bioavailability of Cur in CS/OSA-starch-WPI EGs with a 60% oil ratio were 96.0% and 67.3%, respectively. The release rate of free fatty acid and the bioavailability of Cur from the EGs after digestion were significantly higher compared to Cur dissolved in oil. EGs with an oil phase volume fraction of 75% and 80% demonstrated greater protection against light irradiation but were less effective against UV irradiation compared to EGs with a 60% oil phase volume fraction. Encapsulation in EGs proved to be an effective method for enhancing the bioavailability and stability of Cur.

A multifunctional nanoplatform for precision-guided therapeutic intervention in bacterial infection.

Skin wound infection has become a global clinical problem in recent years. Curcumin (Cur) and polylysine (PLL) are natural products with strong antibacterial properties. However, the poor water solubility and low stability of Cur and the cationic toxicity of PLL limit their application. In this study, we synthesized a macromolecular hyaluronic acid (HA)-curcumin drug (HC) via esterification. HC was attracted by electrostatic interactions with positively charged PLL to form a spherical nanocomplex (HCP) with hyaluronidase (HAase) and pH dual response under ultrasonication. HCP was found to target the bacterial infection microenvironment and release Cur and PLL for synergistic antibacterial action. In addition, HCP was proven to exhibit good biocompatibility and broad spectrum antibacterial activity to bacterial strains S. aureus and E. coli and antibacterial biofilm activities in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that HCP could inhibit pathogens and promote wound healing. These results prove that HCP can be used as a new strategy for the treatment and management of infected wounds.

Curcumin-loaded oil body emulsions prepared by an ultrasonic and pH-driven method: Fundamental properties, stability, and digestion characteristics

In this study, oil bodies (OBs) loaded with curcumin (Cur) were successfully prepared via an ultrasonic and pH-driven method. Ultrasonic treatment significantly improved the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of Cur, producing OB particles with small size, uniform distribution, and high ζ-potential absolute values. When the ultrasonic power was 200 W, the EE, LC, and ζ-potential absolute value were the greatest (88.27 %, 0.044 %, and −25.71 mV, respectively), and the OBs possessed the highest yellowness, representing the best treatment result. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) results was also intuitionally shown that. Moreover, circular dichroism (CD) proved that ultrasonic treatment could unfold the surface protein structure, further enhancing the stability. Therefore, the cream index (CI), peroxide value (POV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were the lowest when the ultrasonic power was 200 W. In this case, the Cur loaded in OBs was well protected against hostile conditions, evidenced by the highest Cur retention rate and the lowest degradation rate constant. Finally, the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation results showed that the ultrasonic treatment effectively increased the release of FFA, bioaccessibility, and stability of Cur, especially when the ultrasonic power was 200 W. This research offers a new OB-based delivery system to stabilize, deliver, and protect Cur for food processing.

Fabrication of curcumin-loaded pea protein isolate-quillaja saponin-tannic acid self-assembled nanoparticles by tuning non-covalent interactions: Enhanced physicochemical, interfacial and emulsifying properties

This study investigated the impact of non-covalent interactions of pea protein isolate (PPI), quillaja saponin (QS) and tannic acid (TA) on the physiochemical, interfacial, and emulsifying properties of curcumin (Cur)-loaded composite nanoparticles from microscopic to macroscopic scales. Hydrogen bonding was important for all the nanoparticles, while hydrophobic interaction was also the dominate driving force to maintain internal structure of Cur/PPI and Cur/PPI-QS 2:1 nanoparticle. The presence of TA decreased the particle size but increased the encapsulation efficiency of Cur. The encapsulation efficiency of Cur/PPI and TA-Cur/PPI were 49.7% and 74.7%, respectively. The thermal and light stability of Cur were enhanced with the addition of TA. X-ray Diffraction result verified that Cur was successfully captured into composite nanoparticles in an amorphous state. Both of Cur/PPI-QS 2:1 and TA-Cur/PPI-QS 2:1 exhibited relative lower interfacial tension (6.3 and 5.2 mN/m, respectively) and the near-neutral wettability (74.5°and 88.1°, respectively), indicating their stronger interfacial adsorption capability. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) analyses confirmed that TA-Cur/PPI-QS 2:1 showed more viscoelasticity interfacial film with highest K4 (0.179 × 10−6 Hz). Furthermore, the TA-Cur/PPI-QS 2:1 Pickering emulsion exhibited solid-like behavior and stronger gel network structure. Both of TA-Cur/PPI-QS 2:1- and Cur/PPI-QS 2:1-stabilized Pickering emulsions showed better storage stability than other samples. This study presents a practical strategy for the structural design of protein nanoparticles by tuning non-covalent interactions, and provides theoretical support for multi-scale exploration of structure-properties relationships of nanoparticle.

Remodeling the structure of soy protein fibrils to hydrogels for co-encapsulation of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin: Role of EGCG

Curcumin (Cur) and (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have synergistic bioactivity in several terms, but their polar differences and environmental sensitivity make co-utilization challenging. Soy protein fibrils (UF) have sparked broad attention as outstanding carriers for bioactive substances. In this study, EGCG was applied to remodel the structure of Cur-loaded UF complex (UFC) to form novel UF-based hydrogels co-encapsulated Cur and EGCG (UFCE). The fluorescence spectroscopy, ITC, and FTIR analysis demonstrated that EGCG absorbed and deposited on the surface of UFC through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The binding of EGCG led to the formation of UFCE, which constructed a stable and uniform gel network during heat treatment. UFCE gels formed with varying EGCG/protein concentration ([E]/[F]) ratios showed different structural properties with different encapsulation effects. At 2.5% protein concentration, UFCE gels formed at [E]/[F] ratio of 0.08 (UFCE0.08) exhibited better gelling properties. The encapsulation efficiency of Cur and EGCG in UFCE0.08 gel was up to 97.71% and 91.02%, respectively. Moreover, UFCE0.08 gel exhibited significantly enhanced stability of Cur (95.27%) and EGCG (70.27%) than that of free Cur (53.13%) and free EGCG (13.32%) after thermal treatment at 85 °C for 120 min. UFCE0.08 gel was also effective in improving the UV light stability of Cur (88.70%) and EGCG (72.96%). Furthermore, the binding of EGCG had pronouncedly boosted the anticancer activity of Cur in the UFCE0.08 gel against Caco-2 cells. This study provides new perspectives into the fibril-polyphenol hydrogel systems for the co-encapsulation of EGCG and Cur, which has substantial potential for health-promoting applications.

Oxidized dextran improves the stability and effectively controls the release of curcumin loaded in soybean protein nanocomplexes

Dextran dialdehyde (ODex) was added to a nanocomplex of soy protein isolate (SPI)-curcumin (Cur) to improve its stability and achieve controlled release of Cur. The SPI-to-ODex mass ratio was optimized to achieve excellent properties and stability. Interactions between various components were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, and the effect of ODex on the stability and bioactivity of SPI-Cur colloids was discussed. ODex was found to be crosslinked with SPI via the Schiff base reaction, which increased the ζ-potential and improved the surface hydrophobicity of nanocomplexes. At a SPI-to-ODex mass ratio of 20:1, the nanocomplex had a smaller particle size (199.2 nm), higher ζ-potential (−45.48 mV), and higher encapsulation efficiency (96.25%). Furthermore, adding ODex changed the network structure and effectively improved the thermal and storage stability of Cur as well as its antioxidant properties. Moreover, controlled release of Cur was observed during simulated digestion in the gastrointestinal environment.

One-Pot Self-Assembly of Core-Shell Nanoparticles within Fibers by Coaxial Electrospinning for Intestine-Targeted Delivery of Curcumin.

Nanotechniques for curcumin (Cur) encapsulation provided a potential capability to avoid limitations and improve biological activities in food and pharmaceutics. Different from multi-step encapsulation systems, in this study, zein-curcumin (Z-Cur) core-shell nanoparticles could be self-assembled within Eudragit S100 (ES100) fibers through one-pot coaxial electrospinning with Cur at an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 96% for ES100-zein-Cur (ES100-Z-Cur) and EE of 67% for self-assembled Z-Cur. The resulting structure realized the double protection of Cur by ES100 and zein, which provided both pH responsiveness and sustained release performances. The self-assembled Z-Cur nanoparticles released from fibermats were spherical (diameter 328 nm) and had a relatively uniform distribution (polydispersity index 0.62). The spherical structures of Z-Cur nanoparticles and Z-Cur nanoparticles loaded in ES100 fibermats could be observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) revealed that hydrophobic interactions occurred between the encapsulated Cur and zein, while Cur was amorphous (rather than in crystalline form). Loading in the fibermat could significantly enhance the photothermal stability of Cur. This novel one-pot system much more easily and efficiently combined nanoparticles and fibers together, offering inherent advantages such as step economy, operational simplicity, and synthetic efficiency. These core-shell biopolymer fibermats which incorporate Cur can be applied in pharmaceutical products toward the goals of sustainable and controllable intestine-targeted drug delivery.

Preparation of curcumin-loaded MPEG-PTMC nanoparticles: Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior

Curcumin (Cur), an antioxidant molecule, has multiple medicinal properties and displays therapeutic values. However, in some functional food applications, the incorporation of Cur is limited because of its poor solubility and inherent physicochemical instability. Herein, to address these issues, PEGylated poly (trimethylene carbonate) (MPEG-PTMC) was used as the polymeric carrier for fabricating the Cur loaded nanoparticles (MPEG-PTMC@Cur NPs). The MPEG-PTMC@Cur NPs had an average size of ∼130 nm. Importantly, after being incorporated in MPEG-PTMC@Cur NPs, the photochemical stability of Cur was significantly enhanced. The degradation rate of Cur was only about 15%. Furthermore, the MPEG-PTMC@Cur NPs exhibited improved DPPH scavenging ability (SC25 = 14.40 μg/mL) compared with that of the free Cur (SC25 > 30 μg/mL). Importantly, the pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the oral relative bioavailability of MPEG-PTMC@Cur NPs was significantly improved. All these results support that MPEG-PTMC@Cur NPs could be an effective delivery system for Cur.

The Immunosuppressive Niche Established with a Curcumin-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane Promotes Cartilage Regeneration in Immunocompetent Animals

Inflammatory cells mount an immune response against in vitro engineered cartilage implanted into immunocompetent animals, consequently limiting the usage of tissue-engineered cartilage to repair cartilage defects. In this study, curcumin (Cur)-an anti-inflammatory agent-was mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to develop a Cur/PLGA nanofibrous membrane with nanoscale pore size and anti-inflammatory properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses confirmed the successful loading of Cur into the Cur/PLGA nanofibrous membrane. The results of the in vitro assay demonstrated the sustained release kinetics and enhanced stability of Cur in the Cur/PLGA nanofibrous membrane. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses revealed that the Cur/PLGA nanofibrous membrane significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). A chondrocyte suspension was seeded into a porous PLGA scaffold, and the loaded scaffold was cultured for 3 weeks in vitro to engineer cartilage tissues. The cartilage was packed with the in vitro engineered Cur/PLGA nanofibrous membrane and subcutaneously implanted into rats to generate an immunosuppressive niche. Compared with those in the PLGA-implanted and pure cartilage (without nanofibrous membrane package)-implanted groups, the cartilage was well preserved and the inflammatory response was suppressed in the Cur/PLGA-implanted group at weeks 2 and 4 post-implantation. Thus, this study demonstrated that packaging the cartilage with the Cur/PLGA nanofibrous membrane effectively generated an immunosuppressive niche to protect the cartilage against inflammatory invasion. These findings enable the clinical translation of tissue-engineered cartilage to repair cartilage defects.

Curcumin-laden amphiphilic chitosan microemulsion with enhanced transdermal delivery, skin compatibility and anti-arthritic activity

Transdermal administration can avoid the first-pass effect of liver, improve the bioavailability of drugs and the adaptability of patients. However, there are still many problems, such as low load efficiency, short drug half-life, unfavorable transdermal efficiency, poor skin compatibility, which hinder the development of transdermal administration. In order to solve the above problems, amphiphilic chitosan microemulsion (AC-ME) is developed by using chitosan with hydrophilic carboxyl groups and hydrophobic long alkane chains as surfactant. AC-ME is efficient for drug loading and transdermal delivery, which is demonstrated by extremely high drug loading, improved drug stability and excellent transdermal efficiency. Specifically, the loading amount of curcumin (Cur) can reach up to 3.41 ± 0.13 mg/mL, an increase of approximately 30,000 times compared to its water solution. The light stability of Cur is improved from 43% to 75%. The transdermal process and skin retention of Cur exhibit 1.76-fold and 5.29-fold increase, respectively. Moreover, AC-ME is skin-compatible and does not damage skin structure. Finally, AC-ME can improve the therapeutic effect of Cur and exhibit superb anti-inflammatory effect in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model of mice. In a word, AC-ME would be a promising drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery.

The stability and bioavailability of curcumin loaded α-lactalbumin nanocarriers formulated in functional dairy drink

There is a high demand for the development of functional foods formulated with health-promoting carotenoids. Curcumin (Cur) is one of the most promising carotenoids, but its application in functional foods especially drinks is limited due to its poor water solubility, low stability and bioavailability. Nanocarriers have shown great potential to solve these problems. In this work, Cur was loaded into nanocarriers made of self-assembly of partially hydrolyzing α-lactalbumin (α-lac). Cur functional dairy drinks were developed by adding Cur-loaded nanocarriers (nanocarriers (Cur)) into dairy drinks, and their colloidal stability and bioavailability were evaluated. The results showed that Cur exhibited intestine-responsive release behavior due to the unique nanospheres micellar structure that the hydrophobic cutting sites were buried in the core and not easily accessible to pepsin. In addition, the α-lac nanocarriers improved the stability of Cur against ultraviolet light. Furthermore, static and accelerated stability experiments showed that nanocarriers (Cur) dairy drinks possessed excellent colloidal stability. According to the sensory evaluation, the addition of nanocarriers (Cur) to dairy drinks significantly improved the perception score of stability and overall assessment. Moreover, nanocarriers (Cur) dairy drinks showed the highest Cur bioavailability. Therefore, the embedding via α-lac nanocarriers is feasible for applying Cur to functional dairy drinks and has broad prospects in the food industry.

The self-assembled zein hydrolysate-curcumin nanocomplex: improvement on the stability and sustainable release of curcumin.

The bioavailability of curcumin (Cur) is generally limited by its poor stability. However, it is beneficial to improve the stability of Cur by using self-assembled zein hydrolysate (ZH) as delivery carrier. This paper aimed to explore the formation mechanism of zein hydrolysate-curcumin nanocomplexes as a function of critical micelle concentration (CMC). In this work, The CMC of ZH (0.535 mg mL-1 ) was obtained by the pyrene fluorescent probe method. ZH-Cur nanocomplexes undergo hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, and the fluorescence quenching effect was concentration dependent with the process of static quenching. Moreover, the differences of colloidal properties on ZH and ZH-Cur nanocomplexes were systematically compared by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy near CMC. ZH presented irregular spherical shapes and would aggregate to form micelles at the CMC and above. The tight micellar structure promoted more uniform size distribution (double peaks reduced) and higher potentials (over -30 mV) within 10 days. In addition, the nanocomplexes demonstrated an obvious core-shell structure. Within 10 days of storage, the particle size distributions were uniform and the potentials increased significantly, indicating that the micellar nanostructure made the Cur stably embedded in the hydrophobic core of ZH. Finally, ZH-Cur nanocomplexes effectively improved the water solubility and encapsulation rate (over 70%) of Cur. Moreover, over 90% of Cur was released steadily within 91 h. This work provided a theoretical basis for the application of amphiphilic peptide micellar nanostructure as novel food-grade nanocarriers to transport hydrophobic bioactive substances. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Delivery of Curcumin Using Zein-Gum Arabic-Tannic Acid Composite Particles: Fabrication, Characterization, and in vitro Release Properties.

The application of curcumin (Cur) in fat-free food is limited due to its poor water solubility, stability, and bioaccessibility. In this study, zein-gum arabic-tannic acid (zein-GA-TA) composite particles with high physical stability were fabricated to deliver Cur (ZGT-Cur). Their stability and in vitro release properties were also evaluated. The results showed that the thermal and photochemical stability of Cur was improved after loading into composite particles. Meanwhile, the retention rate of Cur in ZGT-Cur composite particles was enhanced compared with Z-Cur or ZG-Cur particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the hydrogen bond within the particles was greatly enhanced after the addition of tannic acid (TA). The in vitro antioxidant activity of Cur in ZGT-Cur composite particles was higher in terms of 2,2'-azino-bis (ABTS) (93.64%) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (50.41%) compared with Z-Cur or ZG-Cur particles. The bioaccessibility of Cur in ZGT-Cur composite particles was 8.97 times higher than that of free Cur. Therefore, the particles designed in this study will broaden the application of Cur in the food industry by improving its stability and bioaccessibility.

Study of a water-soluble supramolecular complex of curcumin and β-cyclodextrin polymer with electrochemical property and potential anti-cancer activity

As a member of the curcuminoid compound family, curcumin (Cur) has many interesting therapeutic properties. However, its low aqueous solubility and stability have resulted in poor bioavailability and restricted clinical efficacy. Based on size matching, β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP), with its hydrophilic polymer chains and hydrophobic cavities, can form an inclusion complex with Cur. To improve the water solubility and stability of Cur, a simple and eco-friendly grinding method was designed to form β-CDP inclusion complexes. According to the Boltzmann–Hamel's method and Job's method, the molar ratio of the β-CD unit in β-CDP to Cur was determined to be 1:1. The diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy of Cur-β-CDP were calculated in an electrochemical study. This supramolecular complex worked well in vitro to inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells HepG2. Remarkably, this method visibly reduced the undesirable side effects on normal cells, without weakening the anti-cancer activity of the drugs. We expect that the obtained host–guest complex will provide a new approach for delivering natural drug molecules, having low water solubility.

Schiff base as a fluorescent sensor derived from chromone moiety for the effective detection of Zn (II) ions

A new Schiff base 5-[(4-Oxo-4H-chromen-3-ylmethylene)-amino]-1H-pyrimidine-2, 4‑dione (CUR) was synthesized from chromone moiety and identified as a colorimetric as well as a fluorescent probe for Zn2+ ions detection. Characterization of CUR was done by utilizing 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS analytical techniques. UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence studies revealed that this probe CUR offered great selectivity and sensitivity towards Zn2+ ions above other added metal ions, namely; Cd2+, Hg2+, Ag+, Zr2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Co2+, Al3+, and Pb2+. A 2:1 binding stoichiometry among CUR and Zn2+ ions was obtained using Job's plot analysis and further confirmed by 1H NMR titrations, and HRMS parameters. The binding constant (Ka) and limit of detection (LOD) for Zn2+ ions were measured to be 7.7 × 106M−1 and 9.6 × 10−9 M, respectively, using fluorimetric titrations with the help of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation (B-H equation). DFT computational studies also validated the results obtained from absorption and emission studies. The pH and time response studies ensured the stability of CUR and additionally, it was effectively implemented to quantify Zn2+ ions in the collected real water samples.

Fabrication and characterization of TPP-β-cyclodextrin/chitosan supramolecular nanoparticles for delivery dual bioactive compounds

The TPP-β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (TPP-β-CD/CS) nanoparticles loading with curcumin (Cur) and vitamin C (Vc) was prepared via controllable self-assembly. The cross-linking reaction between TPP-β-CD and CS, and co-encapsulation of Cur and Vc in TPP-β-CD/CS nanoparticles were confirmed by the fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Vis (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), and particle size analyzer. The results of stability and antioxidant activity indicated that co-encapsulation not only enhanced the chemical stability of Cur and Vc, but also improved antioxidant properties compared with the active ingredients used alone. Release kinetic fitted by Ritger–Peppas model revealed that the release of dual active ingredients were mainly dominated by Fickian diffusion in pH 1.2, while followed non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion in pH 7.4. Furthermore, the two-dimensional UV correlation spectroscopy (2D-UV-COS) confirmed that the release rate of Cur was faster than that of Vc during co-delivery, which helps to precisely elucidate the synergistic nutraceuticals effect of each active ingredient.

Encapsulation of curcumin using Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) protein isolate/Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum complex nanoparticles

In this study, Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) protein isolate (GPPI)/Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) complex nanoparticles were used as a wall material for encapsulation of Curcumin (Cur). For this purpose, GPPI-Cur-AHSG capsules were prepared by two fabrication methods and physicochemical, structural, morphological and bio accessibility were evaluated. For Type 1 capsules, GPPI-Cur nanoparticles were fabricated via thermal treatment and then AHSG was added. However, Type 2 capsules were formed by heating GPPI- Cur- AHSG solutions together at 85 °C for 15 min. Type 2 capsules had higher encapsulation efficiency (88.22%) and loading capacity (13.25%) for Cur compared to Type 1 capsules. Furthermore, thermal analysis indicated that Type 2 capsules had the highest denaturation temperature. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction were found to be the major driving forces for particle formation and Cur encapsulation. The antioxidant activity, light and thermal stability of Cur improved after encapsulation into GPPI-AHSG complex particles. Furthermore, these particles could delay the release of Cur under in-vitro gastrointestinal condition.