Stab Neutrophils Research Articles

Immune response in neuroinflammatory caused by mild traumatic brain injury (experimental study)

The study of the organism immune response in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an important stage in the formation of a scientific understanding of this type of brain damage. The purpose of the study: to research of the systemic immune response parameters in the experimental modeling of mTBI. The cellular composition and phenotype of immune cell subpopulations were assessed, and the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the mTBI and blood serum of injured rats was determined. A high content of leukocytes and interleukin 6 (IL 6) in the blood was found 2 hours after the injury. The number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes increased with a decrease of the neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and T helpers number one day after mTBI. During the indicated periods of observation, an increase in the content of cytokines TNFα and IL 6 in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum was observed, and the indicators of anti-inflammatory IL 10 increased 7–14 days after mTBI. On the 14th day after injury, the level of stab neutrophils remained low, while the number of CD45, CD3, CD20, and CD8 positive lymphocytes continued to increase, which indicates the progression of the inflammatory response. Thus, after the application of mTBI, an inflammatory reaction develops, accompanied by the manifestation of the activity of immune components. Cytokines are registered in the peripheral circulation and cerebrospinal fluid, the number of B-lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes increases.

Modern hemogram parameters in the diagnosis of infectious pathology

Introduction. The algorithm for examining hospital patients includes a complete blood count and a number of biochemical parameters, which often do not have pathognomonic significance and require time and financial costs. There are hemogram parameters that have prognostic value for patients with infectious pathology.Objective — to evaluate the clinical and diagnostic significance of changes in advanced inflammation parameters of automated hematological analysis (neutrophil reactivity NEUT-RI, relative content of reactive neutrophils RE-NEUT, total number of immature forms of granulocytes TOTAL IG) in hospital patients with infectious pathology.Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort single-center study was conducted. Criteria for inclusion in the survey program: age 18–86 years, length of stay in the hospital > 7 days, no mortality until the end of the hospitalization period. The study included 51 patients hospitalized between December 2021 and December 2022 and were divided into two groups. Main group: patients with a confirmed pathogen (adenovirus, parainfluenza, bocavirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus) by REAL TIME PCR, C-reactive protein level 5 mg/l, absolute number of band neutrophils ≥ 6 % (n = 41). Control group: patients with confirmed absence of infection, C-re[1]active protein level ≤ 5 mg/l, absolute number of stab neutrophils ≤ 6 % (n = 12). In both groups of patients, extended parameters of inflammation of the complete blood count were assessed on the hematological analyzer Sysmex XN-9000 (Sysmex Co., Japan) on days 2 and 7 of hospital stay. At the same time in the blood serum samples, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin were determined on the biochemical analyzer ARCHITECT c16000 (Abbot, USA) using Werfen, Biokit (Barcelona, Madrid) and Abbot (USA) reagents Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the analytical software IBM SPSS Statistics v.21 (“Statistical Package for the Social Sciences”).Results. The mean age of patients included in the study is 63 years. Comparative analysis was carried out by calculating Student’s t-test for dependent samples. RE-NEUT, TOTAL IG and CRP (RE-NEUT 9.5 ± 13.14; t = 2.7 at p = 0.009; TOTAL IG 11.13 ± 13.29; t = 2.7 at p = 0.009; CRP 84.84 ± 105.97; t = 3.13 at p = 0.003) show a statistically significant change after therapy. Both parameters are effective diagnostic criteria. Changes in the level of ferritin and NEUT-RI had no statistically significant differences. Extended parameters of inflammation had significant (p < 0.005) correlations with classical markers of inflammation at both measurement points (2/7 days) in patients of the main group: RE-NEUT and NEUT-RI 0.65/0.78; RE-NEUT and CRP 0.72/0.65; TOTAL IG and NEUT-RI 0.59/0.73; TOTAL IG and CRP 0.7/0.64, respectively.Conclusions. Advanced hemogram parameters provide accurate diagnostic values comparable to inflammatory markers and may have a priority recommendation for use in operational diagnostics due to low cost and a significant reduction in the time to obtain the result.

Assessment of the Body Response to Snowmelt Water Consumption in Military Personnel Serving in the Arctic Based on Blood Parameters

Introduction: Stability of physicochemical parameters of body fluids reflects the degree of influence of environmental factors on the body. Objective: To assess the body response to snowmelt water consumption for drinking purposes in military personnel serving in the Arctic based on blood parameters. Material and methods: The study was conducted in summer 2022. We took snowmelt water samples for chemical analysis and venous samples from 51 servicemen for a complete blood count and electrolyte measurements. Results: Snowmelt testing showed that the levels of iron were 1.2–1.6, copper – 22.2, zinc – 52.1, sodium – 11.6 to 21.9, magnesium – 5.7 to 29.1, and calcium – 9.0 to 34.1 times lower than reference concentrations. Potassium levels were negligible. The length of service of the study subjects in the Arctic above the 76th parallel North was 5.7 ± 0.3 years. Blood test results showed low or lower normal values of erythrocyte count in 39.2 %, hematocrit – in 19.6 %, and mean hemoglobin – in 13.7 % of the military personnel. A high mean corpuscular volume was detected in 17.6 % of them. The proportion of stab neutrophils in the sample was 0.55 ± 0.04 % with the normal range of 1 to 6 %. The electrolyte imbalance was evidenced by high serum potassium levels in 21.6 %, a lack of ionized calcium and magnesium in 29.4 % and 17.6 %, respectively, and sodium, phosphorus, and chlorine levels at the lower limit of the normal range in 29.4 to 47.1 % of the examined. Conclusions: Snowmelt water contains low concentrations of inorganic chemicals. Its long-term daily consumption for drinking purposes leads to electrolyte imbalance in the body, such as hypotonic water overload, and is likely to affect nonspecific resistance.

Prognostic factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with HIV and tuberculosis during antiretroviral therapy

Antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) promotes the growth of a CD4 lymphocyte subpopulation, which leads to the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a number of patients with late-stage HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. Early prognostic factors for IRIS should be identified to timely initiate pathogenetic therapy aimed at its relief and ARVT continuation. Objective. To develop a method for the early diagnosis of IRIS in patients with HIV/TB coinfection during ARVT and to identify criteria for initiating pathogenetic therapy. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 200 patients with HIV/TB coinfection who were divided into 2 groups: 1) 100 patients who received antituberculosis therapy (ATBT) without ARVT; 2) 100 patients who had combination (ARVT + ATBT) treatment. A control group included 50 healthy volunteers. To determine the prognostic factors for IRIS, all the patients underwent studies of viral load, CD4 lymphocyte levels, plasma lipid profile, and a complete blood count with a differential blood count before and after 1 month of treatment. Results. In Group 2, the signs of IRIS were detected in 30 (30%) patients; those were absent in 70 (70%) patients at 10-14 days after the start of combination (ARVT + ATBT) therapy. The level of stab neutrophils was significantly higher in patients with the signs of IRIS than in those without IRIS, despite the absence of a difference in viral load and CD4 lymphocyte levels (p>0.05). All the patients with HIV/TB coinfection showed changes in the indicators of the lipid spectrum. However, there were significant differences between the patients with and without IRIS only in the level of triglycerides (TG) (1.4±0.2 and 0.9±0.2 mmol/l, respectively; p<0.001). Timely detoxification therapy for patients with the signs of IRIS (manifestations of intoxication syndrome and elevated TG levels) resulted in the relief of this syndrome, which made it possible to continue ARVT. Conclusion. The significant increase in the level of TG in patients with the signs of IRIS during ARVT + ATBT allows this indicator to be used as an early laboratory marker of the risk for IRIS to timely prescribe pathogenetic therapy and to continue ARVT, which is important in predicting the disease.

Morphological spectrum of the blood of hypotrophic calves against the background of the use of the drug interamin

The aim of the work is to study the effect of the complex drug interamin on the morphological blood indicators of calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. The object of the study were newborn calves, which were divided into 4 groups. The calves of the first experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered the complex drug interamin subcutaneously, five times on days 1, 3, 8-14, 18-24 and 56-60 of life at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal body weight. The calves of the second experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered "Biferon-B" subcutaneously, according to the above scheme. The calves of the third (n=10, negative control, hypotrophic calves) and fourth (n=10, control, normotrophic calves) groups were not treated with drugs. On the first day after birth, as well as on days 7, 30 of life and 5-10 days after the transfer to the rearing group, venous blood samples were taken from calves to assess its morphological composition. It has been established that hematological failures develop the calves with antenatal hypotrophy, manifested in the form of hypochromic anemia and a tendency to pancytopenia. The use of the drug interamin contributed to the activation of hematopoietic processes in calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. Thus, the number of erythrocytes in calves treated with interamin was significantly higher by 10.2, 7.6, 31.0% than in the calves from the negative control group, and the hemoglobin level from 7 to 60 days of life was within the reference range for these ages of this animal species. At the age of 7 days, against the background of the introduction of interamin, the number of leukocytes also increased by 6.4%, with a decrease in stab neutrophils by 52.5%, and segmented neutrophils – by 20.1%, with an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes by 39.4% relative to those in calves from the negative control group, and did not significantly differ from the indicators of normotrophic calves.

Hematological parameters of the blood of Cameroonian goats

Today, the products of the goat breeding industry are in demand in the con- sumer market of the country, because. differs in taste and dietary properties. The quality of products depends on the health of the animals, which can be assessed using a study of hematological parameters. The study included 6-month-old Cameroonian goats. Hemato- logical studies were performed using a hematological analyzer, blood smears were stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa, leukogram was counted manually, blood indices were calculated according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the study, the content of erythrocytes was 18.52 × 1012/L, hemoglobin – 100.67 g/L, hematocrit – 28.87%, MCV – 15.57 fl., MCH – 5.33 pg., MCHC – 349 00 g/L. In the study of white blood, the concen- tration of leukocytes was 11.63×109/L, the leukogram contained stab neutrophils – 1.30%, segmented – 25.64; lymphocytes – 63.64; monocytes – 5.02; eosinophils – 4.03; basophils – 0.32%. The calculation of integral leukocyte indices showed that the leukocyte index of intoxication B.A. Flight – 0.37 arb. units, index of allergization T.V. Kobets – 3.54; adapta- tion index L.Kh. Harkavy – 2.48; lymphocytic index according to Shaganin – 2.36; nuclear shift index – 0.05, immunoreactivity index according to D.O. Ivanov – 13.48 conv. units The concentration of platelets in the blood was 342.33×109/L. According to the data obtained, it follows that goats have normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia, the content of leu- kocytes, the percentage and leukocyte indices correspond to the type of animals, and reflect their age characteristics.

ДИАГНОСТКА СКРЫТОГО МАСТИТА ПУТЕМ ПОДСЧЕТА СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ КЛЕТОК В МОЛОКЕ КОРОВ

In this article, we present the course and results of scientific research aimed at calculation of the concentration of somatic cells in cow's milk to detect subclinical mastitis in individual farms of the Republic of Armenia. Comparison of somatic cell concentrations in milk from healthy and sick cows with subclinical mastitis, analysis and comparison of blood morphological parameters in sick and healthy animals has been implemented and the relationship between somatic cell concentration in milk and morphological abnormalities in sick cow blood has been identified. SC concentrations between 300 and 500 thousand/ml are indicative of mastitis risk. In this case, the type of reaction manifested was positive. It was found that the viscosity of the investigated solution "Somatic plus" + milk increases in proportion to the increasing concentration of somatic cells in the milk sample, which indicates subclinical mastitis. A study of the morphological parameters of blood in healthy and subclinical mastitis animals revealed some deviations from the reference values of blood parameters, leading to the conclusion that these changes in animals' blood are related to an increase in the number of milk's somatic cells. Increased leukocytes were found in sick animals' blood. This was followed by an increase in stab neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESR. As a result of all this, the body is experiencing inflammatory processes mobilizing its defensive mechanisms against pathogens.

Некоторые аспекты эпизоотологии, патогенеза и лечения парвовирусного энтерита собак

The nosoprofile of infectious pathology in dogs is widespread in the conditions of the Klintsovskaya veterinary hospital. The most common disease was bordetellosis, which tended to decrease. Draws attention to the susceptibility of dogs to parvovirus enteritis, the incidence of which was consistently high for 3 years (22,4–23,2 %). The lowest rate of diseased animals was observed from such viral infections as dog distemper, coronavirus enteritis and rotavirus infection. In the age aspect, the nosoprofile of parvovirus enteritis is more common in young dogs under 1 year old, they account for 69,6 % of all cases. In seasonal dynamics, the disease is most often recorded in the spring-summer period. In the blood of dogs with parvovirus enteritis, the morphological composition was characterized by a decrease in erythrocytes and leukocytes, but there was an increase in hemoglobin concentration. On the 1st and 8th days of the experiment, there was a decrease in erythrocytes compared to the control by 47,7 and 33,2 %, respectively, and the content of leukocytes in this period was lower than the control values by 2,6 and 1,3 times. The hemoglobin concentration was higher than the control analogues by 37,3 and 20,8 %. The leukoformula showed an increase in stab neutrophils and lymphocytes. In the blood of dogs with parvovirus enteritis, a decrease in the content of total protein, glucose and cholesterol was recorded. Thus, the total protein on the 1st and 8th days tended to decrease throughout the experiment by 19,1 and 28,1 %, respectively. Glucose had a downward trend, this was especially noticeable on the 8th day of the study (33,3 %). The decrease in cholesterol was most marked on the 1st day of the experiment (31,1 %). The applied complex therapy using the probiotic lactobifadol forte contributed to the normalization of the clinical status on the 7th day, while in the control group using the traditional treatment regimen it ended on the 9th day.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВИДОСПЕЦИФИЧНОГО ПРЕПАРАТА ПРОСТИМУЛ НА УРОВЕНЬ ЭКСПРЕССИИ ГЕНА IL-1 НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ ПОРОСЯТ, БОЛЬНЫХ КОЛИБАКТЕРИОЗОМ

The article presents the data on the expression level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in piglets 3-5 days of age diseased with colibacteriosis, against the background of the use of the species-specific drug Prostimul, containing recombinant type 1 cytokine, vitamins A, E and C, in comparison with antibacterial drug Quinocol Plus. The analysis of the obtained data has shown that the drug Prostimul suppresses the expression of IL-1β by 70 times, and Quinocol Plus – by 6.5 times. This fact indicates the prospect of using the drug to reduce the development of an inflammatory reaction in case of colibacteriosis in newborn piglets. When analyzing hematological blood indicators, a decrease in the number of stab neutrophils was revealed against the background of the use of Prostimul and Quinocol Plus. The analysis of leukocyte indices of blood intoxication has indicated that against the background of the use of the drug Prostimul this indicator decreases by 4.9 times, and Quinocol Plus – by 5.6 times, respectively.

Effect of 3d-metal gluconates on leukocyte parameters of endogenous intoxication

Background. The development of endogenous intoxication in the treatment of oncological pathology with cytostatic drugs complicates targeted therapy, so the search for correctors of these conditions is an actual task. Previously, we have shown in vivo the corrective effect of 3d-metal gluconates on the humoral link of immunity with the administration of the widely used cytostatic cyclophosphamide. It is of interest to evaluate the effect of 3d-metal gluconates on changes in leukocyte parameters of endogenous intoxication affected by cyclophosphamide.
 Aim. Evaluation of the effect of 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) on the degree of endogenous intoxication in mice against the background of the cytostatic effect of cyclophosphamide.
 Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on white laboratory male mice weighing 2528 g, divided into 9 groups [1 intact animals, 2 administration of cyclophosphamide without treatment, 3 administration of cyclophosphamide and a comparison drug with an immunostimulating effect, 4 administration of cyclophosphamide and the comparison drug calcium gluconate, groups 59 administration of cyclophosphamide and gluconates of 3d-metals (MnGl, FeGl, CoGl , CuGl and ZnGl, respectively)], 12 individuals each, kept in the vivarium conditions on a standard diet. Endogenous intoxication was induced by a single injection of cyclophosphamide. 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and comparison drugs (glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide in the form of Likopid, and calcium gluconate) were used to correct changes in the immune system. The administration of the drugs was started 24 hours after the administration of the cytostatic and then daily orally during 21 days. Blood sampling was performed on the 22nd day. The assessment of the degree of endogenous intoxication was carried out by determining the leukocyte indices: stress activity index, leukocyte intoxication index, nuclear index of the degree of endotoxicosis, and leukocyte shift index. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 10.0 program. To calculate the significance of differences between groups, the nonparametric MannWhitney test was used. Changes were considered significant at p 0.05.
 Results. After the administration of cyclophosphamide in animals, a significant change in the leukocyte formula, which indicates an acute intoxication of the body, was observed: there was a decrease in the content of monocytes (3 times), segmented neutrophils (1.5 times), an increase in stab neutrophils (2 times), lymphocytes (1.1 times). The intake of 3d-metal gluconates led to the correction of leukocyte indices, the degree of which statistically significantly exceeded the degree of correction by the comparison drugs Licopid and Calcium gluconate (p 0.05), and for Zn (II) gluconate it was from 45 to 84%, for Mn (II) gluconate from 44 to 100%.
 Conclusion. Gluconates of 3d-metals reduce the degree of endogenous intoxication caused by cyclophosphamide, increase the reactivity of phagocytes and the regeneration rate of the leukocyte link. In terms of efficiency, 3d-metal gluconates can be arranged in the following order (according to metals): Mn ˃Zn ˃Cu ˃Co ˃Fe.

Composition of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Chum Salmon O. keta (Salmonidae) during the Marine Life Period

In pink salmon Onchorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta lymphocytes predominate among leukocytes in the peripheral blood during the marine period of life. In both species eosinophils are absent, while in pink salmon basophils are also absent. The proportion of segmented neutrophils and the size of lymphocytes, monocytes, and stab neutrophils are lower in chum salmon than in pink salmon.

Hemorrhagic colitis syndrome in children: the etiological structure in the infectious diseases clinic

The range of differential diagnostic search in the development of hemorrhagic colitis (hemocolitis) is wide enough and includes infectious and non-infectious factors. Purpose: clinical, laboratory and etiological analysis of bacterial diarrhea occurring with hemorrhagic colitis in the infectious diseases department.Materials and methods: a retrospective study of 141 case histories of those hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the2 Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky of Moscow in 2019—2021 patients with clinical picture of hemocolitis. Hemocolitis was determined on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic signs (in scatology — mucus, leukocytes, erythrocytes) signs. All patients underwent routine laboratory examinations. The etiology was verified using modern methods of laboratory diagnostics (bacteriological analysis of feces, Latex test, ICA, ELISA, PCR, IHR).Results. There were 137 patients with infectious hemocolitis. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed in 3 children, anus fissure — in 1 child. Young children under 3 years of age prevailed (77%). The etiology of infectious hemocolitis was deciphered in 47 patients (34%). Salmonellosis (36%) and shigellosis (36%) prevailed. Campylobacteriosis, clostridiosis-dificile and klebsiellosis accounted for 11%, 9% and 6% of cases, respectively. Yersiniosis was detected in 1 child at the age of 5 months. The severe form was found in 5.8% of cases, in most cases with shigellosis. Symptoms of intoxication and febrile fever were expressed in all patients, vomiting — in 28.5%, abdominal pain — in 94%, mesenteric adenitis on ultrasound — in 15%, diarrhea with a frequency of more than 5 times a day — in 84%, dehydration — in 64%, intercurrent diseases (ARVI, pneumonia) — in 41.3% of cases. Inflammatory changes in infectious hemocolitis were manifested by an increase in C-reactive protein in 71% (23.91 ± 24.17 mg/l), leukocytosis — in 69% (11.58 ± 3.52 х103 / μl), thrombocytosis — in 26%, an increase in the relative number of stab neutrophils in the general blood test in 78% of cases (10.95 ± 0.4%).Conclusions. Differential diagnostic search in the development of hemocolitis should include modern diagnostic methods, if necessary, additional instrumental studies and specialist consultations to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases.

EFFECT DURATION OF LIGHT AND MELATONIN ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF LEUKOCYTES IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS)

The effect of photoperiodic conditions in the northwestern Russia (Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk) and the pineal gland hormone melatonin (100 μg / animal) on the composition of the leukocyte formula and morphometric parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes in females and males of the Syrian hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ) was studied. The animals were divided into 2 groups: control (LD: 12 h light / 12 h dark) and experiment (NL: decrease in the duration of the light phase of the day from 19: 36/4: 24 to 12/12, typical for the Republic of Karelia in the period from 25.06 .18 to 25.09.18). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: hamsters of the 1st subgroup received drinking water without melatonin (LD, NL), the 2nd - at night, melatonin (100 μg / animal) (LDmel, NLmel). As a result of the experiment, it was shown that the northwestern photoperiod only slightly changed most of the parameters of the leukocyte formula in females and males. The effect of the length of daylight hours on the total leukocyte count in females was not revealed, but a decrease in the number of stab neutrophils was found with a reduction in the photoperiod. Both females and males in NLmel showed an increase in the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes compared to LD and NL. Morphometric analysis of lymphocytes showed that a decrease in the length of daylight hours and melatonin affect the area of lymphocytes and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR): in females and males in the NL and LDmel groups, the cell area decreased by the end of the experiment, while the NCR decreased only in NL and NLmel females with a decrease in the duration of daylight. The noted changes in the studied parameters can be mediated by the influence of the endocrine glands, in particular the thymus, adrenal glands and gonads, which are involved in the regulation of leukopoiesis and cellular metabolism.

Динамика клинико-лабораторных показателей у тяжелобольных и умерших от новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на фоне лечения 8 мг дексаметазона

В статье приведен обзор литературы об эффективности глюкокортикоидов при вирусных инфекциях, в том числе при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Приведены результаты собственных исследований относительно динамики лабораторных показателей у больных, которые выздоровели и умерли. Средний возраст больных, получавших 8 мг дексаметазона, которые выздоровели, был меньше, чем у умерших. Средний день, на который были госпитализированы в отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии больные, которые получали 8 мг дексаметазона, в обеих группах был одинаковым (в среднем на 7-е сутки). Обращает на себя внимание то, что у больных, которые выздоровели, до госпитализации чаще регистрировалась фебрильная температура, в то время как у тех, которые умерли, — чаще субфебрильная. Температура при госпитализации у всех категорий больных в среднем достигала субфебрильных цифр. Частота дыхания при госпитализации у всех категорий больных существенно не отличалась и в среднем составляла около 19/мин (до 20/мин у 50 % больных, которые выздоровели, и у 58,3 % умерших). У тех больных, которые выздоровели, при поступлении чаще регистрировалась нормальная частота пульса, но тахикардия реже, чем у тех, которые умерли. У больных, которые в последующем умерли, уже при поступлении чаще регистрировался низкий уровень сатурации. В первые 3 дня после госпитализации среди больных, которые получали 8 мг дексаметазона и выздоровели, несколько чаще регистрировались лейкоцитоз и количество лиц с гранулоцитозом, было увеличено количество палочкоядерных нейтрофилов и число лиц с ними. Среди больных, которые в последующем умерли, чаще регистрировались лейкопения, более выраженная лимфопения и число лиц с ней, более выраженная тромбоцитопения (но количество больных с ней не отличалось от показателей тех, которые выздоровели), более высокая скорость оседания эритроцитов. У больных, которые в последующем умерли, за период наблюдения отмечалось постепенное увеличение количества лейкоцитов, но постепенное уменьшение количества лимфоцитов, уровень креатинфосфокиназы с 7–9-х суток пребывания в стационаре увеличивался, уровень лактатдегидрогеназы на 4–6-е сутки пребывания в стационаре существенно увеличивался с последующим его снижением до уровня, который был выше, чем у тех, которые выздоровели. У больных, которые выздоровели, сначала отмечался рост лейкоцитов с постепенным их снижением, постепенный рост уровня лимфоцитов, снижение уровня креатинфосфокиназы, лактатдегидрогеназы. У всех категорий больных в динамике наблюдалось постепенное уменьшение количества палочкоядерных нейтрофилов, также со временем отмечался постепенный рост количества тромбоцитов, но у тех, которые выздоровели, их уровень был несколько выше; в обеих группах со временем наблюдался рост уровня мочевины, но у тех, которые умерли, ее уровень с 7-х суток и позже был значительно выше, чем у тех, которые выздоровели; у больных в обеих группах со временем наблюдался рост уровня креатинина, но у тех, которые умерли, его уровень с 7-х суток и позже был значительно выше, чем у тех, которые выздоровели; в обеих группах со временем наблюдалось снижение уровня С-реактивного белка, но у тех, которые умерли, уже с самого начала пребывания в стационаре и на протяжении всех периодов наблюдения его уровень был выше по сравнению с теми, которые выздоровели.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТОВ «ИМУНОФАН» И «ФОСПРЕНИЛ» НА МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ КРОВИ ТЕЛЯТ

The aim of the work was to study the effect of immunomodulators "Imunofan" and "Fosprenil" on the intensity of nitric oxide (II) formation and the morphological composition of blood in calves. Increased levels of stable nitric oxide (II) metabolites in the blood plasma of calves after the use of immunomodulators indicates the participation of NO in nonspecific immunity reactions. Also the established relationship between the level of stable nitric oxide (II) metabolites and the number of stab neutrophils proves that NO is one of the regulators of neutrophil activity.

Hematological studies in inflammation of the mammary gland in animals

The article presents the results of studies of blood samples from cats with mastitis. The studies were carried out on the basis of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS, as well as in the veterinary hospitals of the SBBZH in the city of Rostov-on-Don during 2020. The study involved non-sterilized outbred cats aged 6-8 years with signs of inflammation of the mammary gland. At the first stage, a general and special clinical study of animals was carried out. At the second stage, the presence of concomitant pathology in the studied individuals was determined. So, in animals diagnosed with mastitis, obstetric pathology, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, as well as diseases of the digestive system were most often observed as concomitants. Then, by taking blood samples, the presence of an inflammatory process was determined, as well as to reveal information about the functional state of the body as a whole, as well as organs separately. In the study of a general blood test, it was found that cats with inflammation of the mammary gland showed a pronounced inflammatory reaction, which manifests itself in an increased level of leukocytes and ESR. Also, the studied animals showed an increase in the content of stab neutrophils, which is characteristic of the inflammatory process of bacterial etiology. When conducting a biochemical blood test, it was found that the animals under study have concomitant renal pathology. So, the level of creatinine in the studied animals is exceeded or is at the upper limits of the norm. Also, the studied cats have an increased level of alkaline phosphatase, which is indicative of impaired pancreatic function.

Влияние сукцинатсодержащего препарата на лейкоцитарный состав крови крыс в покое и при плавании с грузом в тесте «до отказа»

This paper studied the dynamics of the blood leukocyte composition in Wistar male rats at rest and when swimming with a weight before and after being administered a succinate-containing drug (Suc, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid). Two control groups of animals kept in standard vivarium conditions were selected: those that received Suc 12 hours before the examination (VivC+Suc) and those that did not receive it (VivC). Similarly, two groups of animals were formed that were swimming with a load (4 % of their body weight) to exhaustion: those that received the drug 12 hours before the test (Swim4%+Suc) and those that did not receive it (Swim4%). Unidirectional shifts characterizing the morphofunctional state of white blood cells under experimental conditions were detected. In VivC+Suc animals, compared to VivC, we found an increase in the number of leukocytes due to the growing number of eosinophils and monocytes, large lymphocytes and microlymphocytes with a relative decrease in the number of small lymphocytes and an unchanged level of granulocytes with a tendency towards a decrease in the number of stab neutrophils. In the Swim4%+Suc group, compared to the Swim4%, changes in the number of white blood cells and their subpopulation composition manifested themselves in a similar way to the redistribution of immunocytes identified in the control groups. The increase in the neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio in the Swim4%+Suc group as an indicator of stress tolerance corresponded to the increase in the swimming time of rats by the factor of 2.8. The differences in the blood cell composition between the VivC+Suc and VivC groups are viewed as the influence of Suc on the body’s preparation to the fulfilment of the protective function under physical load, since the distribution pattern of the blood leukocyte composition in rats from the VivC+Suc group is very similar to that of the Swim4%+Suc group. The practical significance of this study is associated with the search for new biologically active substances that optimally influence the immune system of animals under increased load. New data on the mechanism of blood redistribution in animals under the action of Suc before the swimming test can be used to study the manifestation patterns of acute adaptation effect. For citation: Rubtsova L.Yu., Mongalev N.P., Vakhnina N.A., Shadrina V.D., Chupakhin O.N., Boyko E.R. Effect of a Succinate-Containing Drug on the Blood Leukocyte Composition in Rats at Rest and During a Weight-Loaded Forced Swimming Test. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 182–191. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z056

Combination of Muramylpeptides from Gram-Negative Bacteria Corrects Cyclophosphamide-Induced Disorders of Hematopoiesis and Spleen Cell Composition in Mice with B16 Melanoma.

We studied the effect of a combination of three muramylpeptides from gram-negative bacteria (Polymuramyl) on hematological parameters, morphology of the spleen, and serum cytokine level in mice with B16 melanoma treated with cyclophosphamide. Intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide to tumor-bearing animals sharply reduced the number of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, in the blood and depleted the cellular composition of the spleen white pulp. Subsequent three daily intramuscular injections of Polymuramyl in doses of 70 and 860 ng/mouse for 3 days, as well as subcutaneous injection of the reference drug filgrastim (granulocytic CSF) in a dose of 12 μg/mouse partially corrected hematopoietic disorders and restored the cellular composition of the spleen. Granulocytic CSF more effectively replenished the content of mature neutrophils in the blood, while Polymuramyl restored the content of stab neutrophils. In contrast to granulocytic CSF, administration of Polymuramyl was followed by an increase in the level of granulocyte-macrophage CSF and a tendency to an increase in the serum content of IL-6, which indicates the involvement of these cytokines in the hematopoietic activity of Polymuramyl.

РАННИЕ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ КРИТЕРИИ НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЛИНИИ ШВОВ ЖЕЛУДКА И АНАСТОМОЗОВ ПОСЛЕ БАРИАТРИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ

Staple line and anastomotic leakage is frequent and threatening complication of bariatric surgery. Its early diagnostics is difficult, and search for new diagnostic criteria is necessary. Objective. To improve post-bariatric staple line and anastomotic leakage diagnostics by revealing new early diagnostic criteria. Materials and methods. Following hypothesis considered: postoperative stab neutrophils level is early sign of staple line and anastomotic leakage after bariatric surgery. Retrospective comparative study performed to test the hypothesis. Study group consisted of patients with staple line and anastomotic leakage in postoperative period (n=9). Control group consisted of patients with uncomplicated postoperative period (n=253). ROC-curves for stab neutrophils levels in 12 and 36 hours after surgery analyzed in both groups. The reference method was a comprehensive dynamic examination. Results. Area under the ROC-curve for stab neutrophils in 36 hours (AUC=0,613) was higher, than area under ROC-curve for stab neutrophils in 12 hours (AUC= 0,543). So stab neutrophils in 36 hours is more sensitive and specific early diagnostic criterion for staple line and anastomotic leakage. Sensitivity Se=55,56% and specificity Sp=72,13% achieved at the stab neutrophils in 36 hours after surgery level above 9%. Conclusion. As staple line and anastomotic leakage early diagnostic criterion stab neutrophils level in 36 hours after bariatric surgery has high specificity. Proposed criterion available in early postoperative period, when signs of leakage are obscured. In combination with other methods it promotes staple line and anastomotic leakage earlier diagnostics, what improve patients’ treatment results.

Hematopoietic Bone Marrow Cells of Rat after Intravenous Administration of Chitosan-Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles

Chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles are a promising basis for the creation of new diagnostic agents and therapeutic drugs. The cells of erythroid, granulocytic, monocytic, lymphocytic, and megakaryocytic lineages of bone marrow of mature rats were investigated for 120 days after single injection of 0.14 g per 1 kg body weight chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). Light microscopy was applied to describe the structure of hematopoietic cells and morphometric study was performed on Romanowsky—Giemsa stained smears to measure cells size (µm) and relative number (%). Comparison of the biological effects of nonmodified and modified magnetite nanoparticles on hematopoietic cells of bone marrow revealed the advantages of modification. Chitosan-modified magnetite nanoparticles did not affect the structure of hematopoietic cells in the rat bone marrow, and their injection produced a reversible increase in the relative number of monocytes, stab neutrophils and segmented neutrophils, as well as polychromatic and oxyphilic normoblasts.