St Olaf Research Articles

A Personality Disorder Scavenger Hunt.

By Susan L. Huehn, PhD, RN, MSN, St Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, [email protected]. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Anmerkungen zur Baugeschichte der St. Olaikirche auf Worms (Vormsi) im Bistum Ösel-Wiek (Saare-Lääne)

Vormsi is a small island that belonged to the Oesel-Wiek bishopric during the Middle Ages. There is a church on the island that is dedicated to St Olaf, the Norwegian king who was undoubtedly the most popular saint among the Scandinavians. A short article written by Villem Raam in the anthology Eesti Arhitektuur (Estonian Architecture, 1996) is the only one worth mentioning that has appeared to date on the architectural history of the Vormsi church.The Vormsi church is comprised of a sanctuary and nave. Only the sanctuary was completed during the Middle Ages, and the stone nave was not completed until 1632. During the restoration of the church between 1989 and 1990, fragments were found of the foundation of the wooden church that predated the stone one. It is possible that the wooden church was utilised throughout the Middle Ages as a congregation room.Currently, it is believed that the Vormsi sanctuary was built during the 15th century. This dating is based on the pyramid-shaped vault consoles – a similar shape also appears in the chapel of the gate tower in the Padise Cistercian monastery. Actually, the Padise consoles have been reused. Their original location is unknown and their completion is impossible to date even within the time frame of a century.The most significant is the eastern wall of the Vormsi sanctuary, where a spacious niche with pointed arch is located. This Cistercian composition was also used in the Haapsalu Cathedral and apparently that was the model for the Vormsi church. The Haapsalu Cathedral is a surprisingly simple single-nave church with three bays. The church has richly decorated capitals on its wall pillars, on which both Romanesque and Early Gothic motifs have been used. At least some of the capitals have been hewn by a master who previously worked on the construction of the capital hall in the Riga Cathedral. The northern section of the Haapsalu Cathedral was apparently built in the 1260s. In the vicinity of Riga there is a church with a floor plan that is an exact counterpart to the one in Haapsalu – the Holme / Martinsala Church that dates back to about the 13th century. Considering both the floor plan and the sculptured decorations, it is believable that the designers and builders of the Haapsalu Cathedral came from the Riga environs.Pärnu is also on the Riga-Haapsalu route. Actually, two towns existed there during the Middle Ages. For a short time, Old-Pärnu on the right bank of the river had been the centre of the Oesel-Wiek bishopric before Haapsalu. However, the left bank of the river was controlled by the Livonian Order. There is very little information about the Old-Pärnu Cathedral that was completed around 1251 and destroyed by the Lithuanians in 1263. However, one thing is known – it also had a single-nave with three bays. There is no information about the design of the eastern wall of the cathedral. However, the sanctuary of St Nicholas’ Church in New-Pärnu had an eastern niche similar to the one in Haapsalu. It is not impossible that the motif was borrowed from the cathedral across the river or its ruins. Attention should also be paid to the fact that the design of the northern and southern walls in the sanctuary of Pärnu’s St Nicholas’ Church are similar to the Vormsi church. Therefore, there is no doubt that these two sanctuaries are architecturally and genetically related. Apparently the Vormsi sanctuary was built immediately or soon after the completion of the Haapsalu Cathedral – not later than 1270. It is not impossible that the vaults were constructed sometime later.The vault painting in the Vormsi sanctuary is probably inspired by the “paradise vaults” in Gotland. The Vormsi painting is strikingly primitive. In Estonia, this primitive style can also be seen in the churches in Ridala and Pöide.There is a squint (hagioscope) on the southern wall of the Vormsi church sanctuary, and an unusual sacrament niche with a light shaft in the eastern wall. This does not date back to the time when the sanctuary was built, but was added later. There have been at least eight such sacrament niches in Estonia, most of which were built in the 15th century.

Quinquennial surveys

PurposeThis paper seeks to review guidance on the undertaking of quinquennial surveys of Church of England parish churches, then to examine the approaches of Diocese Advisory Committees in administrating the surveys and finally to apply that guidance to a case study within one of the researched Dioceses.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews current guidelines on undertaking quinquennial surveys of English parish churches, examining the methodology of both the inspection and reporting techniques of the survey. The paper also reports on a series of interviews carried out with Dioceses' Secretaries in Northern England who are responsible for administrating quinquennial surveys, and finally examines the application of national and diocesan guidelines by reporting on a quinquennial survey of St Olaf's Church in Wasdale, Cumbria, England's smallest church.FindingsThe principal guidance for quinquennial inspection of Churches is produced by the Council for the Care of Churches but this is currently out of print. Perhaps for this reason various Diocese Advisory Committees have produced their own guidance. It is possible that more standardisation in the format of reports is required as this will enable Dioceses to correlate electronic information in the production of their maintenance strategies. The alternative view is that to produce a standard pro‐forma does not do justice to an individual building which may have evolved over 1,000 years and requires specific advice. The 1991 Care of Churches and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measures extended the professional adviser capable of undertaking the survey from just Architect to Architects and Chartered Building Surveyor. But within the three Dioceses reviewed this has a limited impact with Architects being dominant by a ratio of 25:1.Originality/valueTo survey and report on buildings of such historic and community importance is a privilege and the pinnacle of conservation expertise. It is hoped that the guidance in this paper may stimulate interest in the surveying of churches by younger surveyors.

Vita Sancti, Vita Regis: The Saintly King in Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar

In this paper I present evidence for the pervasive influence of hagiographic themes, including the miraculous, shrines and relics, and unrelenting mercy, on the biography of Hakon Hakonarson, King of Norway from 1217 to 1263. These elements are extant to a greater degree in Hakon’s biography than in any saga of the Heimskringla save that of St Olaf. Furthermore, I argue that the saga’s portrayal of the king as a saintly figure serves to compare him to the greatest Christian kings of the preceding centuries, even if only within the memorialization of the text itself and not in later memory. Studies of the saga remain largely historical, providing a (sometimes contested) backdrop of factual information over which studies of other literary and historical texts are made. With the current contribution I offer a different view, namely that of a richly textured royal biography that draws on the dominant literary forms of its day.

A Saint and his Sequence: Singing the Legend of St Olaf

St Olaf of Norway (d. 1030) was the first local saint of Scandinavia and remained important throughout the Middle Ages. His popularity was partly the result of conscious efforts to promote his cult, especially from the Nidaros arch-see. One major ‘campaign’ seems to have been launched in the late twelfth century and includes not only the writing of a Latin legend and miracle collection, but also an office and a sequence for the liturgical celebrations. This article discusses how the sequence Lux illuxit relates to the other works which were produced in Trondheim around the same time in connection with the cult of St Olaf.

Notes on Contributors

Hasok ChangLecturer in Philosophy of Science at University College London. His chief research interests are in the history and philosophy of the physical sciences from the 18th century onwards.Fiona EllisLecturer in Philosophy at Wadham College, Oxford. She works in metaphilosophy, metaphysics, and aesthetics. An article on Sartre is forthcoming in Sartre Studies.James SomervilleLecturer in Philosophy at the University of Hull. He is author of The Enigmatic Parting Shot. His book The Epistemological Significance of the Interrogative is in preparation.J. Angelo CorlettProfessor of Philosophy at San Diego State University. He is author of Responsibility and Punishment (Kluwer, forthcoming) and Analyzing Social Knowledge (Rowman & Littlefield, 1996), as well as over 50 articles on moral, social, political and legal philosophy, and epistemology. He is also the founding Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Ethics: An International Philosophical Review.Charles TaliaferroProfessor of Philosophy, St Olaf College. He is currently writing The Evolution of Modern Philosophy of Religion (Cambridge University Press).Stephen HetheringtonAssociate Professor of Philosophy at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. He is the author of two books, Epistemology's Paradox (Rowman & Littlefield, 1992) and Knowledge Puzzles (Westview Press, 1996).Timothy ChappellLecturer in Philosophy at the University of Dundee. He has published books on ancient philosophy (Aristotle and Augustine on Freedom of Action; The Plato Reader), edited a collection on environmental philosophy (The Philosophy of the Environment), and most recently argued for an Aristotelian pluralism in ethics in Understanding Human Goods.Jenny TeichmanAn Emerita Fellow of New Hall in the University of Cambridge. Her previous publications in Philosophy include papers on personhood, on terrorism and on Derrida, Her last two books are Social Ethics (Blackwell) and Polemical Papers (Ashgate).

Wittgenstein: On Certainty and Truth

Philosophical InvestigationsVolume 21, Issue 3 p. 203-221 Wittgenstein: On Certainty and Truth Frederick Stoutland, Frederick Stoutland St Olaf College and Uppsala UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Frederick Stoutland, Frederick Stoutland St Olaf College and Uppsala UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 December 2002 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9205.00068Citations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume21, Issue3July 1998Pages 203-221 RelatedInformation

George A. Schultz. <italic>An Indian Canaan: Isaac McCoy and the Vision of an Indian State</italic>. Foreword by Robert E. Bell. (The Civilization of the American Indian Series, volume 121.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1972. Pp. xxi, 230. $8.95

Journal Article George A. Schultz. An Indian Canaan: Isaac McCoy and the Vision of an Indian State. Foreword by Robert E. Bell. (The Civilization of the American Indian Series, volume 121.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1972. Pp. xxi, 230. $8.95 Get access Schultz George A.. An Indian Canaan: Isaac McCoy and the Vision of an Indian State. Foreword by Bell Robert E.. (The Civilization of the American Indian Series, volume 121.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1972. Pp. xxi, 230. $8.95. Henry E. Fritz Henry E. Fritz St Olaf College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 79, Issue 3, June 1974, Pages 859–860, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/79.3.859 Published: 01 June 1974

Note of the Recent Excavation of a Cairn on the High Law, and of other Antiquities in the Parish of Cruden, Aberdeenshire. (with Additional Notes by Stuart, John)

This paper records the excavation of a cairn in Aberdeenshire by Major-General Moore and Mr Alex Murray. The excavators concluded that the cairn and the cist below it had been examined before, based on the looseness of the stones making up both structures. The Major-General was also involved in a dig at St Olaf's Church nearby, where he unearthed some human remains.
 
 The article ends with a short exploration of Scandanavian influence in Scotland by the Secretary, John Stuart. A committee was also formed at this meeting to investigate the history and structure of the Scottish language.