SRTM Images Research Articles

Geomorphological Compartmentation of Pereiro Massif and its surroundings, in Northern Northeast of Brazil

The Pereiro Massif (PM), located between the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, is a granitoid body that occupies an area of ​​approximately 2,200 km2, and and has maximum altitudes of 861 meters. This work aimed to elaborate and discuss the geomorphological compartmentalization of the Pereiro Massif and its surroundings. To this end, the following procedures were followed: 1) bibliographic and cartographic review on the geology and relief of the study area; 2) creation of the geomorphological map in a GIS environment, through SRTM image processing; 3) field activities for mapping conference, obtaining information to characterize the shapes and photographic survey. Fifteen units were mapped and grouped into three dimensions that consider the resulting processes and forms: accumulation, flattening and erosion surfaces. The compartments are classified recognizing processes associated with continental denudation with erosion, transport and deposition of material, based on structural geomorphology. The mapping carried out enhances the scientific notoriety of the PM and is expected to serve for environmental planning actions, such as the creation of protected areas and environmental licensing procedures.

Contribution of vertical electric sounding, Landsat 8 and SRTM images to hydrogeological characterization: case study of Batié, West-Cameroon

Contribution of vertical electric sounding, Landsat 8 and SRTM images to hydrogeological characterization: case study of Batié, West-Cameroon

Forest Canopy Height Retrieval and Analysis Using Random Forest Model with Multi-Source Remote Sensing Integration

Forest canopy height is an important indicator of the forest ecosystem, and an accurate assessment of forest canopy height on a large scale is of great significance for forest resource quantification and carbon sequestration. The retrieval of canopy height based on remote sensing provides a possibility for studying forest ecosystems. This study proposes a new method for estimating forest canopy height based on remote sensing. In this method, the GEDI satellite and ICESat-2 satellite, which are different types of space-borne lidar products, are used to cooperate with the Landsat 9 image and SRTM terrain data, respectively. Two forest canopy height-retrieval models based on multi-source remote sensing integration are obtained using a random forest regression (RFR) algorithm. The study, conducted at a forest site in the northeastern United States, synthesized various remote sensing data sets to produce a robust canopy height model. First, we extracted relative canopy height products, multispectral features, and topographic data from GEDI, ICESat-2, Landsat 9, and SRTM images, respectively. The importance of each variable was assessed, and the random forest algorithm was used to analyze each variable statistically. Then, the random forest regression algorithm was used to combine these variables and construct the forest canopy height model. Validation with airborne laser scanning (ALS) data shows that the GEDI and ICESat-2 models using a single data source achieve better accuracy than the Landsat 9 model. Notably, the combination of GEDI, Landsat 9, and SRTM data (R = 0.92, MAE = 1.91 m, RMSE = 2.78 m, and rRMSE = 12.64%) and a combination of ICESat-2, Landsat 9, and SRTM data (R = 0.89, MAE = 1.84 m, RMSE = 2.54 m, and rRMSE = 10.75%). Compared with the least accurate Landsat 9 model, R increased by 29.58%, 93.48%, MAE by 44.64%, 46.20%, RMSE by 42.80%, 49.40%, and the rRMSE was increased by 42.86% and 49.32%, respectively. These results fully evaluate and discuss the practical performance and benefits of multi-source data retrieval of forest canopy height by combining space-borne lidar data with Landsat 9 data, which is of great significance for understanding forest structure and dynamics. The study provides a reliable methodology for estimating forest canopy height and valuable insights into forest resource management and its contribution to global climate change.

Geology of the cretaceous Paraná Magmatic Province at the central portion of Torres Syncline, Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Geological maps of tropical areas demand special challenges due to weathering conditions, mainly where relief has low variability. Most part of Paraná Magmatic Province is included in this scenario. An exception to this situation is the southeastern portion of the province, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The stratigraphic disposition of volcanic units and the characteristics of erosion of each one caused the exposition of four identified plateaus, in which outcrop, from bottom to top: (1) basalts from Torres/Vale do Sol formations; (2) Caxias do Sul dacite; (3) Barros Cassal sequence; (4) Santa Maria rhyolite. The contacts were traced using SRTM images (through altitude and slope maps), integrating previously published semi- to detailed maps and geochemical database from our group. The resulting map (1:250,000) contributes to the volcano-stratigraphic knowledge of this huge province, and allows us to suggest the review of silicic units, initially called Palmas Formation.

Using river restoration model to control riverbank erosion in the Old Brahmaputra river of Bengal Basin, Bangladesh

River meandering causes riverbank erosion, which triggers socioeconomic and environmental issues in the riparian region and raises river sedimentation, thus, needing river restoration. This research depicts a channel restoration model to control river bank erosion and susceptible resource management along the Old Brahmaputra River course based on channel characteristics from 1980 to 2021. The secondary data of Landsat satellite time series and SRTM images were collected from the USGS website, while we used Google Earth images to verify the morphological features. Satellite images were on-screen visualized by ArcMap (10.3) to extract the river channels and measure the erosion and accretion areas. Results showed that the Old Brahmaputra River channel shifted its position due to erosion and accretion. Over the last forty-one years, ∼ 52 km2 area was eroded while ∼ 49 km2 area was accreted, and the average shifting of the river channel was 1.3 km2 per year. Accordingly, the river channel has become more sinuous decade by decade and threatens nearby settlements. Hence, this study proposed a river channel based on previous river channels, where the base channel is from the 2000s, which was more stable and flowed through the middle of the floodplain. Parts of the 1980, 2000, and 2021 river channels were also selected, which are relatively far from the susceptible settlements, to draw the proposed restoring channel. This model is likely to aid in developing government strategies for protecting riverbank erosion and river restoration in the forthcoming period. Finally, this study recommends that this newly proposed channel will be conducive to reducing riverbank erosion and the extreme threat to the settlements and their livelihoods.

A new frontier of archaeological dark earth at the northern Amazonia headwaters of Roraima state: Soil attributes and landscape interplays

Despite the existence of various studies on Archaeological Dark Earth - ADE, there is still a very large gap concerning the Amazon region, with many areas remaining unexplored scientifically. The aim of this study, therefore, was to characterize and classify areas of Archaeological Dark Earth located on rural properties and in one riverside community in the southern mesoregion of the state of Roraima. At these locations, trenches were dug in a total of 13 areas, and the profiles morphologically characterized and sampled for soil classification and Carbon-14 dating. The areas were georeferenced and measured, and the history of land use was described, together with the predominant vegetation in the region. The following physical analyses were carried out: texture and bulk density. The chemical analysis consisted of pH in water and KCl, exchangeable cations, exchangeable Al, available P, titratable acidity (H + Al), total N and organic matter. To produce the maps, computational processing was used in a Geographic Information System - GIS, employing geoprocessing tools with the aid of the ArcGIS v10.6 software; the attributes prepared from SRTM images were drainage network and terrain. Using the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS), the profiles were classified as: Argissolos Amarelos, Cambissolo Háplico, Latossolos Amarelos, Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, and Nitossolo Vermelho. It is suggested that the anthropogenic subgroup be included in the SiBCS. With the exception of 3 horizons, the anthropogenic horizon of each of the profiles sampled in the region has a eutrophic character, with ages that range from 1120 to 1864 years before present (YBP). Each of the areas of ADE is associated with a drainage network ranging from a small creek, approximately 6m wide, to a fast-flowing river, such as the Branco River, which is over 1,700m wide. The 13 areas are located in places away from the flood area that show little variation in relief, with a predominance of flat to gently undulating terrain.

MORPHOSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING IN CRYSTALLINE MASSIF IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

This work addresses the morphostructural evolution of the Crystalline Massif in northeastern Brazil. Highlights as a test area the northwest of the State of Ceará, evaluating the Massif of Meruoca, as a result of the intrusion of post-tectonic granitoid from the orogenic collapse of Brazilians in the Middle Domain area Coreaú/Província Borborema. In addition, the reactivations of the Café-Ipueiras Fault and the Transbrazilian Lineament promoted morphotectonic events during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, conditioning the elevation or exhumation of the relief. The operational procedures were divided into four stages: 1) Literature review; 2) Interpretation of SRTM images; 3) Elaboration of thematic mapping; 4) Fieldwork. The geomorphological mapping of the Meruoca Massif provided the identification of morphosculptural units classified in the 3rd taxon according to the Ross methodology (1991), denouncing the work of differential erosion on the morphing structure in the preparation of relief compartments that are individualised in the larger set of the geomorphological landscape.

COMPARISON OF ASTER GDEM IMAGES AND SRTM IMAGES FOR RIVER WATERSHED AND GEOMORPHOLOGY STUDY

This study uses two DEM images, namely ASTER GDEM and DEM SRTM to map the distribution of rivers and geomorphology located in The District of Pesisir Selatan. In this study a comparison of the two images was carried out with the same level of resolution of 30 meters to see the accuracy of the images used in the study of watersheds and geomorphology.
 The method used in this research is processing image data then identifying the river for each image used. Further carrying out a confusion matrix which is used to check or improve data from a quantitative approach.
 The results of the study in terms of comparison of ASTER and SRTM images for watershed identification show that SRTM imagery is more accurate in identifying watersheds compared to ASTER imagery. After taking samples with the number of sample points taken, namely 36 samples on each, and then testing for spatial accuracy, the results show that the SRTM imagery had an accuracy rate of 88% where out of 36 sample points only 5 were wrong or not on the river. Whereas in the ASTER image of 36 sample points, there were only 6 which were right on the river, show that the level of image accuracy is only 14% for river identification. The study also shows that after the research process and accuracy test, for geomorphologic identification on the two DEM images, namely DEM SRTM and ASTER GDEM, it found that both images have the same level of accuracy, therefore both images are equally good at identifying geomorphology.

Indications of transtensional strike slip fault in the Mount Anak Krakatau based on earthquake focal mechanism data

Anak Krakatau volcano in the Sunda Strait was through pyroclastic materials landslide phenomenon that caused by a tsunami wave at the end of December 2018. Tsunami wave hit the west coast of Pandeglang and part of the coast of Lampung. Recent tectonic activity produces an epicenter around Anak Krakatau volcano, a shallow earthquake depth of 10 - 15 km below the surface. These data were collected by the interpretation of remote sensing DEM SRTM images, focal mechanism, bathymetry, and hillslope analysis. Quantitative analysis in determining the movement mechanism of strike slip faults and the damage zone as the trigger for landslides on the southwestern volcano sidewall. The main fault has N153°E / 74°E rake 9° is related to the surface of stress and strain results of synthetic and antithetic faults. It is suspected that the post-eruption caldera of Krakatau Volcano is the remaining surface openings in the 1883 while erupted. Knowledge of the causes of landslides to be prepared to anticipate broken infrastructure, victims, and tourism along the coast of Banten and Lampung.

Environmental Performance of Regional Protected Area Network: Typological Diversity and Fragmentation of Forests

Protected areas (PAs) are among the main tools for preserving biodiversity and creating an environment for the natural course of ecological processes. The identification of forest biodiversity is especially important for large metropolitan areas. An obvious problem in assessing the efficiency of the PAs network is the lack of up-to-date cartographic materials representing the typological diversity of vegetation. The aim of the paper is to identify forest biodiversity and fragmentation in the example of the Moscow region (MR)—the largest metropolis in Eastern Europe. The typological classification was carried out at a detailed hierarchical level—33 association groups (ass.gr.) considering the diversity of the land cover. A random forest algorithm was used for cаrtographic mapping (overall accuracy 0.59). Remote sensing (RS) data included Sentinel-2A, DEM SRTM, and PALSAR radar images. Six fragmentation metrics were calculated based on the raster map of forest typological diversity. A significant correlation between the forest diversity and PAs forest patch fragmentation metrics was noted. It has been established that the PAs proportion of the territory accounts for almost 20% only within the northernmost district and noticeably decreases to the south to 1–2%. At the same time, fragmentation noticeably increases from Northeast to Southwest. The category of PAs does not affect the state of the forest cover. Additionally, there was no direct influence of the anthropogenic factor from both local sources and a large regional source, i.e., the city of Moscow. It is shown that the average area of PAs, supporting 75% of the typological diversity of regional communities, was about 1000 ha. The results of the study suggest that there is a general lack of environmental protection measures in the region. It is recommended to increase the area of PAs, primarily for less fragmented forest patches, including indigenous forest-steppe and forest types of communities.

Geological mapping and structural interpretation of the Dschang‐Santchou‐escarpment (West, Cameroon), using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS sensors/SRTM and field observations

Geological mapping of the Dschang‐Santchou‐escarpment rocks in the Western Cameroon region was done using a combination of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, SRTM images acquired by satellites on January 21, 2021, and field observations. Lineaments were pre‐processing and processing, performed with Envi 5.1. The different methods of digital processing applied, such as the principal component analysis, the coloured compositions and the combination of bands, show a lithological differentiation of the geological formations of the study area. Lineament maps were obtained by applying Sobel directional filters where 496 lineaments were manually extracted. These lineaments display two main trending directions: the NW–SE trend corresponding to the S2 metamorphic foliation direction and the NE–SW trend corresponding to the S3 magmatic foliation direction. The set of these lineaments represents the fracture network in the area. The field observations as well as the lineaments mapping obtained, allowed us to confirm with the help of the fracture network that we are indeed in an escarped environment. Remote sensing data constitute thus a useful tool for geological mapping and structural reconstitutions in the escarped environment.

The Brazilian Midwest lateritic domains: Regolith features and dynamic

Intracontinental deformations cause the uplift of erosive surfaces and are consequence of lithosphere destabilization processes in cratonic domains. The Atlantic Ocean opening influenced processes 2000 km away from the coast with reflections in the regolith. The Brazilian Midwest regolith is characterised by a stepwise landscape of highlands, mountains, plateaus, inselbergs, canyons, and lowlands that form four morphostratigraphic surfaces. Surface 1 is sustained by quartzite mountains. Surfaces 2 and 3 are mantled by ferruginous lateritic duricrusts. The duricrusts in surface 2 are quartz-hematitic, hardened, columnar, reddish-pink to yellowish-red, have protonodular, fragmental, and pisolitic textures, and reach up to 3 m thick, whereas the duricrusts in surface 3 are more friable, quartz-goethitic, columnar, yellowish-red to orangish-yellow, have a vermiform texture with bioturbated micro-aggregated clay-ferruginous matrix, reaching up to 2 m thick. Surface 4 includes the lower alluvial plains. The purpose of this study was to understand the formation of these regolith surfaces, their relationships, the impact of the lateritic dynamic, and the continental influences as a landscape-shaping agent. The area was studied using SRTM images, swath profiles, and the Roughness Concentration Index, as well as fieldwork control, textures, mineralogy, and geochemistry analysis. Surface 1 marks the regional erosional event, while surfaces 2 and 3 mark two stable well-drained ferruginization weathering episodes and a seasonal drier to humid climate change. Surface 4 sculpts the lowlands. These regolith sequential landforms surfaces were produced in a complex landscape process modelled by an extensive erosional regime as a result of tectonic movements during the Atlantic Ocean evolution evolution and tropical weathering climate since the Neogene, as indicated by the lateritic duricrusts features (textures, mineral, and chemical composition). This landscape is younger than expected for Archean to Paleozoic terrains subjected to tropical weathering, dating back at least to the Paleogene, the age of the majority of older lateritic duricrusts in Brazil and around the world. These younger morphostratigraphic surfaces in cratonic domains, as well as the geological processes involved in tectonic and climate influence, had significant implications for the Brazilian South American Platform regolith.

Contribution of vertical electrical soundings, Landsat 8 and SRTM images to the comparative study of the hydrogeological characteristics of the Foto, Keleng and Foreké areas, West Cameroon

The study area is located in the town of Dschang, West-Cameroon, on the southern flank of the Bambouto Mountains. The acute shortage of drinking water supply points due to lack of structural knowledge on existing aquifers. The present work allows the establishment of a hydrogeological map of the study area. The data from the vertical electrical soundings carried out on 64 points, show 12 electrical anomalies: A, H, K, Q, AK, HA, HK, HQ, KQ, KA, KH and Q; divided into two domains: a resistive domain with resistivities between 2892.63 and 27 323.56 Ω m and a conductive domain with resistivities between 0.43 and 2892.63 Ω m. The conductive domain is more represented in the basaltic zone while the most resistant domain is represented by the gneissic and the granitic zones. Hydraulic conductivity in the study area ranges from 0.004 to 44.852 m/day, porosity from 0.192% to 42.615%, longitudinal conductance from 0.001 to 1.101 Ω−1 and transmissivity values from 0.019 to 504.023 m2/day. The area includes two types of aquifers; saprolite aquifer from 1.6 to 16.26 m with a roof varying between 1.5 and 16 m and aquifers on thick fractures from 16.26 to 38.34 m with a thickness varying between 16 and 36 m. The major and minor fracturing directions are respectively N 60° to N 70° E and N 0° to N 30° E. According to the hydrogeological potentials, Foto which is made up of basaltic formation is very favourable, Foreké on granitic formation is moderately favourable and Keleng on gneissic formation is not very favourable.

Hydrogeological mapping from Landsat 8, SRTM images, vertical electrical soundings and hydraulic parameters of aquifers: Case study of the South Western part of Baleng Watershed

The main aim of this study is to carry out a hydrogeological assessment to reveal suitable sites for the implantation of hydraulic structures like water boreholes. Petrographic studies put into place granitic rocks with numerous biotite in the Northern part of the map and basaltic rocks with phenocryst of olivine in the South. Lineaments extracted from satellite images revealed two major trends of N50–60°E and N70–80°E. A total of sixty-four Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were acquired using Schlumberger configuration array, 2-D sections and hydraulic parameters of aquifers were deduced. The geoelectric sections characterize the subsurface into four geoelectric layers namely: topsoil with (resistivity values lower than 300 Ω m), weathered basement with (resistivity values ranging between 300 and 600 Ω m), fractured basement (resistivity ranging between 600 and 800 Ω m) and a more or less fresh bed rock with resistivity value up to 4000 Ω m. The hydraulic assessment of aquifers revealed a high conductivity value of 34 m/day, porosity of 41% and a high transmissivity of 429 m2/day indicating a highly interconnected fractured basement of the study area. Groundwater potential map revealed Toungang, Lafé and Ndionkou villages as suitable sites for water boreholes implantation with an average aquifers roof depth ranging between 1to 31 m.

Mapping of Coastal Hazards in the South-West of Côte d’Ivoire on SRTM Images

Finding a solution to the coastal risks that are becoming recurrent in Côte d’Ivoire, including the risk of flooding, data collection has been undertaken on the entire coast. High spatial resolution images such as the SRTM images were used to be processed in the Qgis software to evaluate with high precision the overflow hazards of the coastal courses from Tabou to Sassandra, located on the west coast of the country. To do this, the layers of the processed slopes were superimposed on those of the rivers to assess the risks of overflow in the coastal areas concerned. It appears that these areas are marked by low slopes (<16.3%), or even none, likely to increase the intensity of the hazards of overflow of the Sassandra river in Sassandra and the Djiboué lagoon in San-Pédro. The foreseeable risks associated with simulations of overflow distances of 100 to 500 m of the rivers constitute threats to the port activities of San-Pédro that can cause big economic losses for the country, businesses, tourism activities and lodge complexes, coastal resources, and housing. An interactive cartography interface could make it possible to better visualize the results of the processing carried out in a Websig with a view to proposing sustainable solutions for the development of the Integrated Coastal Development and Management Plan of the Ivorian coastal area.

Study of morphometry and land coverage to help urban planning in Barbosa and Barbosinha Brooks watershed, Lins - SP

Urbanization in hydrographic basins promotes changes in the hydrological cycle through the impermealized areas. Not only surface runoff is increased, reducing infiltration, but also the susceptibility to extreme hydrological events. The objective of this study is to analyze the natural susceptibility of Córregos Barbosa e Barbosinha (Barbosa and Barbosinha Brooks) watershed to flooding. Morphometric parameters of land use and occupation were analyzed, in order to subsidize management and planning in an area of urban expansion. The analysis of land use and occupation was based on the supervised classification method of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager sensor (OLI) satellite images dated 1990, 2006 and 2020. Morphometric indices were calculated using the SPRING 5.4.3 software and a SRTM image with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The results indicate that the natural susceptibility to flooding of the study area is medium to high, and can be intensified by the dynamics of land use and occupation and increasing impervious areas in the basin. Over the period of study, the growth of impervious areas was 133% relative to 1990.

Morphometric analysis for flood flow formation feature identification (on example of Ulaanbaatar agglomeration)

Water flows with significant flow rate feature a high destructive force and can lead to catastrophic consequences. Fluvial processes caused by uneven distribution of rain precipitation over the area pose risks to the developed inland foothill territories. The purpose of this study is to carry out a quantitative morphometric analysis of the territory in order to identify the formation features of flood flows. The analysis and ranking of catchment basins are performed using a basin approach. On the basis of SRTM images and the use of stock cartographic material in the GIS program the authors have built specialized electronic maps that allow to obtain quantitative parameters reflecting the morphometry of the basins under analysis including basin geometry, drainage network and terrain relief. On example of the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration territory it is shown how initial morphometric parameters of basins and watercourses (length, width, area, perimeter, erosion dissection, drainage network density, terrain relief coefficient, Melton coefficient, etc.) form the features of flood flow. For developed territories, the initial data on the catchment basin morphometry constitute the basis for compilation of specialized maps to be used in planning and construction. The combination of morphometric indicators on the territory of the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration indicates that there is possibility of large flood formation and development of dangerous mudstone flows in some catchment basins.

Lineaments analysis of Bafoussam (West-Cameroon) using remote sensing and vertical electrical sounding: Hydrogeological implication

The study proposes to map the tectonic accidents existing in Bafoussam locality using the remote sensing and vertical electrical sounding methods. The principal component analysis and directional filtering applied respectively to Landsat8 and SRTM images allowed to extract remote sensing lineament map. The interpretative rose diagram shows a distribution of lineaments following four directions: NE-SW, NW-SE, N-S and E-W. The main directions are from N30°E to N80°E; these are those of large strike-slip of the Central Pan-African Fold Belt (CAFB) in Cameroon and from the extension of the Central Cameroonian Shear Zone (CCSZ) in the studied area. The superimposition of these lineaments on the hydrographic network map enabled establishing genetic links because rivers flow following the main N30°E and the secondary N120°E lineament directions. The superimposition of the iso-resistivity maps resulting allowed to extract the geophysical lineament map which has been confirmed by achieving resistivity sections in depth. These lineaments are N40°E to N60°E directed comparable to the network fracture and foliation direction on orthogneiss flagstones within the area. These lineaments superimposed on those automatically extracted by remote sensing show a good correlation following the two methods used. The both mapping methods therefore allowed to extract the fracturing map zone. As groundwater is generally stored in the fracture network of hard rocks, the results of this study will thus provide progress in the course of wells and boreholes implantation. The second generation of fractures with a N140°E striking direction is the most appropriate for the hydrogeological studies in Bafoussam.

Stream Order Delineation using SRTM 30 meter Resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Hydrology Tools in ArcGIS 10.3 and QGIS: Mapping of Drainage Pattern of Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India

The paper describes step by step watershed and stream network delineation based on digital elevation models using the Hydrology tools in ArcGIS and online services for Hydrology and Hydrologic data. The 30-meter resolution SRTM image of Himachal Pradesh was downloaded from open topology website. This was further processed in QGIS and ArcGIS 10.3 software. The different hydrological processes and data management tools were used like, fill, Flow direction; flow accumulation, map algebra, stream orders, stream feature and stream dissolve in order to get the final map of Mandi drainage pattern.

KARAKTERISTIK BATUAN FORMASI KEREK SEBAGAI RESERVOIR DI LAPANGAN CIPLUK KENDAL

Cipluk Field is located in Klantung, Kendal, Central Java. It is an oil field in Indonesia. This field has abandoned status but until now oil seeps are found in the rocks around the field. Based on regional geology by Thanden et al. (1996), the estimated reservoir is Kerek Formation. The formation is exposed around and south of the field, around Lutut River. This research was conducted to determine the rock characteristics of Kerek Formation and to be analog to determine reservoir rock characteristics of the Cipluk Field petroleum system. This research is based on field evaluation data. Data were obtained through direct field investigations aimed at knowing the geological conditions of the research area. The main data used consisted of field observation data, rock samples, SRTM images, seismic data, and well data. Kerek Formation in the study area is divided into three members and only two members are exposed on the surface, Middle Miocene Kerek Formation and Late Miocene Kerek Formation. Middle Miocene Kerek Formation has characteristics with interbedded claystone-sandstone dominantly with limestone on the bottom and dominantly with sandstone on top. This member has a fairly good character as a reservoir for the Cipluk Field petroleum system based on its rock composition and geometry.