SrO B2O3 Research Articles

Structural correlation to linear and non-linear optical properties of Bi3+ ion doped Li2O–SrO–B2O3 glasses: Optical switching and limiting applications

A series of bismuth doped lithium strontium borate glasses are synthetized using melt-quench technique. Compositional modification resulted in the maximum refractive index (2.306) and lowest optical bandgap (3.36 eV) for 2 mol% of Bi2O3. Raman as well as FTIR investigations reveal the presence of diborate, dipentaborate and metaborate ring type structural units and structural interconversions occur between diborate and metaborate rings. These structural interconversions are in support of the trends observed in linear and non-linear optical properties. Photoluminescence spectra reveal a prominent emission peak around 572 nm corresponding to the 2P3/2 → 2P1/2 transition. Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) and correlated colour temperature (CCT) studies indicate the glasses emit greenish-yellow light around 7172 K. Z-scan approach is utilised to examine non-linear optical properties with a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at 532 nm. Z-scan investigation revealed good optical nonlinearity in all the glasses. Open aperture normalized transmittance spectra is used to evaluate the values of non-linear absorption coefficient (ꞵ) and optical limiting. ꞵ is in the range of 0.42–3.2x10−10 mW−1 and optical limiting values are in the range of 1.642–2.078x1012 Wm−2. Z-scan studies reveal RSA and RSA to SA (W- patterns) which suggests that the investigated glasses show saturable absorption (SA) as well as reverse saturable absorption (RSA) pattern. According to these findings, the glasses under investigation are promising materials for solid state lasers, greenish-yellow LEDs, compositional tuning optical switching and limiting applications.

Thermal, and radiation shielding properties of SrO–B2O3–TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses doped with Dy2O3

The newly proposed materials demonstrated outstanding and effective radiation shielding capabilities and promising mechanical properties. A series of (20-x) SrO-(73)B2O3-(5)TeO2-(1)ZnO-(1)Bi2O3 doped with x-Dy2O3 have been produced employing the traditional melt-quench process, with the concentration of Dy2O3 varying from 0.05 to 1.5 mol%. This research examined glass samples' structural stability, mechanical and thermal characteristics, and radiation shielding capabilities. All of the glasses were amorphous, as confirmed by the X-ray examination, and the glass with the label SBTZBD6 had the maximum density because of the higher Dy2O3 content. The insert of Dy2O3 into the glass composition increased density values from 2.94 to 3.04 g/cm3 for SBTZBD1 and SBTZBD6 and improved mechanical properties such as Poisson ratio and elastic moduli. The hardness Vickers showed the maximum value at 1095.7 HV corresponding to Dy2O3 1 mol%, indicating the influence of Dy2O3 addition on the mechanical properties. The ability of the generated samples to shield against several forms of radiation, such as alpha, proton, neutron, and gamma radiation, was examined using SRIM and Phy-X software. The lowest HVL is 0.009 cm for SBTZBD6 at 0.02 MeV, the highest HVL was observed at 15 MeV with a value equal to 7.066 cm for the same sample. Dy2O3 was used instead of SrO, significantly increasing the μ/ρ values and improving radiation shielding. However, it was discovered that fast neutron shielding experienced a reduction in energy loss per unit mass (mass stopping power) when SrO was replaced with Dy2O3. However, the substitution also reduced energy loss per unit mass for alpha and protons and fast neutron shielding. To sum up, this study's glass samples are highly recommended for ionizing radiation shielding.

Studies on structural, optical, thermal and low energy shielding for gamma rays for the ZSBP glasses

By employing the melt-quenching technique, the ZnO–SrO–B2O3–PbO (ZSBP) glasses have been successfully fabricated. The derivative of Absorption Spectra Fitting (DASF) method was used to study the energy band gap (Eg) of the glasses which decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.39 eV. The structural properties have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases with increase in concentration of the lead oxide. The current study examines the radiation shielding properties at 30.80–444 keV. The addition of PbO to the glasses resulted in a proportionate increase in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), suggesting a diminishing tendency in radiation transmission. At 30.80 keV, the MAC values are extremely high and range from 18.06 to 21.11 cm2/g. As density rises, the half value layer (HVL) decreases. In addition, the average HVL (HVL‾) decreases. The glass thickness required to reduce the radiation intensity to 90 %, 50 %, 25 %, and 10 % of its initial value is investigated at an energy of 35.80 keV. The T90 %, T50 %, T25 %, and T10 % values are 0.0020, 0.0132, 0.0264, and 0.0439 cm, respectively. The results suggest that a greater thickness of the radiation barrier is necessary to attain the necessary degree of attenuation.

Impact of mixed heavy metal cations (Ba and Bi) on the structure, optical and ionizing radiation shielding parameters of Bi2O3–BaO–Fe2O3–SrO–B2O3 glass matrix

The impacts of the Bi2O3/BaO ratio on the microstructure, optical, ligand field, and radiation shielding features of BSrFeBaBi glass matrix. The Bi2O3 content of the BSrFeBaBi glasses was increased from 0 to 20 mol%. The density increased from 3.77 g/cm3 to 5.00 g/cm3 and the molar volume increased from 24.74 cm3/mol to 31.17 cm3/mol with increasing Bi2O3/BaO ratio. The optical analysis confirmed that the transparency of BSrFeBaBi glasses in the visible region is high. Moreover, the presence of Fe cations in the octahedral coordination (FeO6 units) was confirmed. Furthermore, the fundamental absorption edge of BSrFeBaBi glasses shifts towards lower energies with additional Bi2O3/BaO concentrations, confirming the reduced behavior of the optical band gap. Also, ligand field splitting values decreased while Racah parameters increased. The obtained results demonstrate a tendency of the bonds between the Fe ions and their surroundings towards higher degree of ionic nature. Furthermore, the Bi2O3/BaO ratio demonstrated an enhanced radiation shielding behavior. Finally, BSrFeBaBi glasses exhibit favorable attributes for use in the radiation shielding domain due to their efficient radiation shielding features and transparency.

Exploring the potential of strontium oxide-enriched borate bioactive glass as a bone graft material: Comprehensive analysis of physical characteristics and gamma shielding properties

This study explores the physical, elastic, and radiation shielding properties of SrO–B2O3 -based bioactive glass systems. The interest in BAG has grown significantly in recent years due to their applications in biomedicine, including bone transplants, wound care, and dental treatments. Borate-based glass matrices have emerged as a promising alternative to silicate-based BAG, exhibiting faster conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA) in physiological fluids and promoting cell proliferation for bone healing. The procedure known as melt quenching is used to prepare the glasses. The effects of varying SrO content on the glass properties were evaluated to understand their potential applications in the field of radiation shielding. Experimental results were compared with theoretical models, including the Makishima, Mackenzie, and Rocherulle models, to determine the most appropriate model for analyzing the elastic properties. The Rocherulle model was found to be in better agreement with experimental results. It was observed that the elastic modulus increased with increasing SrO content, suggesting improved mechanical strength due to higher cross-link density in the glass network. Furthermore, the glasses exhibited low Poisson's ratio values, indicating increased resistance to deformation under stress. The Phy-X program was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (GMAC), which is the fundamental parameter for evaluating the interaction of radiation with shielding materials. The GMAC results increase as the amount of SrO is increased from 0 to 6 wt%. In addition, the findings demonstrated that the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the produced glasses rise when the amount of SrO is increased from 0 to 6 wt%. The comprehensive analysis of physical, elastic, and radiation shielding properties provides valuable insights into the optimization of glass systems for specific applications in industries that require mechanical strength and radiation protection.

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics for CaO–SrO–B2O3–Al2O3–Bi2O3–SiO2 glass system with Ta2O5 addition

The effect of Ta2O5 at the rates of 1, 2, 3 and 4 % mol on the CaO–SrO–B2O3–Al2O3–Bi2O3–SiO2 glass system was examined by the melt-quenching at 1400 °C. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the compounds were calculated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The kinetics study revealed activation energy values of 109.4 kJ/mol for the T1 composition, 302.14 kJ/mol for the T2 composition, 471.5 kJ/mol for the T3 composition, and 344.7 kJ/mol for the T4 composition, as determined by applying the Kissinger method. According to the average of Avrami parameters, two-dimensional crystal growth was observed in T1 glass and surface crystallization was observed in all other glass. The glass forming ability (GFA) of the glasses was investigated with the values obtained as a result of HSM analysis. In the XRD analysis performed after heat treatment at 850 °C, crystal phase development was observed in the glasses. As a result of the crystallization process, it was observed that wollastonite, strontium aluminum silicate, strontium aluminum oxide and bismuth oxide phases were formed in T1, T2 and T3 glasses.

Impact of ZnO on spectroscopic and luminescence characteristics of Sm2O3–SrO–B2O3 glasses for warm reddish orange light emitting applications

Sm2O3–SrO–B2O3 glasses containing ascending ratios of ZnO were created via the standard melt quenching approach. The optical and luminescent properties were assessed by analysing absorption, reflectance, excitation, and emission spectra obtained from measurements. The density, molar volume, metallization criterion, optical basicity, optical bandgap, Urbach energy, and dispersion parameters were evaluated and discussed. The spectral radiative transitions of the Sm3+ ion in different excited states were investigated using the Judd–Ofelt (J–O) theorem. The least square fit method was used to evaluate the J–O intensity parameters, which were subsequently utilized to determine radiative characteristics including transition probability, branching ratio, and lifetime. For all glasses, the reddish orange transition 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 demonstrated the highest strength and had the maximum values for stimulated emission cross section, radiative transition probability, and gain bandwidth. The chromaticity coordinates fell within the reddish orange region and the colour correlated temperatures ranged from 1840 to 1935 K, suggesting the suitability of the glasses for warm reddish orange emission-based laser and photonic applications.

High transparency of PbO–BaO–Fe2O3–SrO–B2O3 glasses with improved radiation shielding properties

This study investigated the role of PbO and BaO on the optical and radiation shielding properties of PbO–Fe2O3–SrO–B2O3–BaO glass systems. Optical studies indicate that the prepared glass samples are transparent within the visible spectrum; the transparency increases marginally with increasing PbO/BaO concentrations. Furthermore, by increasing the PbO/BaO ratio, the BO4 units increase (BO3 units decrease), and the density values increase. In addition, the optical band gaps widen, and linear and nonlinear refractive indices decrease. The reductions in nonbridging oxygen were responsible for the increased band gaps and decreased refractive index behavior. Moreover, the ionizing radiation shielding studies showed improved behavior with additional PbO additives. Also, the HVL values of the present glass samples are comparatively lower than the HVL of some standard ionizing radiation shielding materials. Finally, the combination of effective radiation shielding properties and high transparency makes the current glass samples good candidates in the ionizing radiation shielding field.

Low temperature sintering and energy storage properties of 0.8Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3–0.2Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ceramic with additive of SrO–B2O3–ZnO glass

Low temperature sintering and energy storage properties of 0.8Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3–0.2Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ceramic with additive of SrO–B2O3–ZnO glass

Nb5+-doped SrTiO3-based glass-ceramics: Insight into crystallisation kinetics, microstructure, and dielectric properties

Nb5+-doped SrTiO3-based glass-ceramics composed of SrO–B2O3–SiO2–TiO2 were modified by Nb2O5 doping and prepared via a melt-quenching process accompanied by controlled crystallisation. The effect of the Nb2O5 concentration on the crystallisation, microstructure, and dielectric properties of the glass-ceramics was investigated. Surface analysis conducted by XPS revealed that with the addition of Nb2O5, the number of non-bridging oxygens (NBO) decreased while the number of bridging oxygens (BO) increased, increasing the interconnection of the structural units. The crystallisation activation energies of the samples tended to decrease from 376.06 kJ/mol to 271.50 kJ/mol (Kissinger model), and the crystal growth modes changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (Avrami indexes n: 2.38–4.23) with increasing Nb2O5 concentration. The XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses showed that the addition of Nb5+ promoted the growth of crystals (0.44–1.35 μm). The dielectric properties show that an appropriate amount of Nb2O5 greatly improves the dielectric constant of the glass-ceramics. The dielectric constant of the glass-ceramic doped with 1.5 mol% Nb2O5 is 178.1 (300 K, 1 MHz), which is approximately 6.7 times higher than that of the undoped Nb2O5-doped glass-ceramics (26.5). The introduction of Nb2O5 reduced the activation energy of glass devitrification, promoted crystal development, and improved the dielectric properties of the glass-ceramics.

Effect of the substitution of MgO with CaO on the structural and thermal properties of CaO–SrO–B2O3–SiO2 glass and glass-ceramics containing excess TiO2

Borosilicate glass-ceramics are promising materials for sealing applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). This work synthesized glass and glass-ceramics of the 18CaO–27SrO–10B2O3–45SiO2 composition containing 0, 2, and 4% TiO2 (mol) by conventional melting/quenching and characterized by structural and thermal techniques. The 11B-NMR and 29Si-NMR spectra indicate no significant change in the relative concentration of the tetrahedral (B-IV) and trigonal (B-III) boron populations of all glasses, with the presence of Q2, Q3, and Q4 species. The crystalline phases of CaSiO3, SrB2Si2O8, and Sr2SiO4 precipitated in all the compositions. The thermal expansion coefficients of the glasses and corresponding glass-ceramics are compatible with those of the other stack components, and their glass transition temperatures are below the operating temperature of SOFCs (≈ 800–950 °C), thus can provide a hermetic seal. The sintering temperature of the T2 and T4 glasses is lower than 1000 °C, an essential characteristic for their application. However, the T4 glass exhibited even better sintering characteristics, making it a potential candidate for sealing.

Effect of Gd2O3 concentration on photo and X-rays excited luminescence characteristics of Dy3+-Activated Li2O3–SrO–B2O3 glass

Gd3+ and Dy3+-doped borate glasses are considered attractive candidates for white light emission. In this work, the samples, developed by the melt-quenching route, contain a mixture of Gd3+ and Dy3+ with known molar compositions. The determined physical parameters indicate structural changes. Information regarding the Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters and spectral radiative features, calculated from absorption spectra and emission properties, respectively, are obtained. Excitation and photoluminescence characteristics of the developed samples are found. The energy transfer (ET) efficiency from Gd3+ → Dy3+ is determined by considering their emission intensities and lifetime. The quantum efficiency (QE) of glasses is evaluated. Inokuti –Hirayama (IH) model shows that the Dy3+ → luminescence center ET is dominated by dipole-dipole coulomb interaction. Due to the excitation of more secondary electrons, the X-ray luminescence shows an intense emission pattern. Furthermore, we find the integral scintillation efficiency to be 8.4% of the commercial BGO scintillator crystal for the 10 mol% Gd2O3-doped glass. Commission International deI’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates and color correlated temperature (CCT) show the suitability of tested samples for white-light applications.

Absorption spectrum fitting method (ASF), DASF method and structural studies of Li2O–SrO–B2O3–MnO quaternary glass system

In this paper the quaternary glass system Li2O–SrO–B2O3–MnO was prepared by traditional melt-quenching technique. Alternative methods like Absorption Spectrum Fitting method (ASF) and Derivative Absorption Spectrum Fitting method (DASF) were put forward for the determination of optical energy band gap and Urbach energy values for the manganese doped lithium strontium borate glasses. These methods require only the measurement of the glass sample absorbance instead of thickness of the glass sample. The values of the optical band gap obtained using ASF and DASF methods were compared, and a good agreement between the values and similar trend was observed. In addition to the above two methods the FT-IR and Raman techniques are also employed to scrutinize the structural details of manganese doped lithium strontium borate glasses. The fraction of N4 and N3 values are also projected to investigate the structural changes of the obtained glass system.

Investigation of Phase Formation in the Sr3B2O6–Sr3B2SiO8 Cross Section of the SrO–B2O3–SiO2 System

Investigation of Phase Formation in the Sr3B2O6–Sr3B2SiO8 Cross Section of the SrO–B2O3–SiO2 System

Structure and sintering behavior of BaO–SrO–B2O3–SiO2 sealing glass for Al2O3 ceramic substrates

BaO–SrO–B2O3–SiO2 sealing glass for Al2O3 ceramic substrates was prepared and the effect of B2O3 on its structure, sintering behavior, and properties was studied. Owing to the fluxing action of B2O3, the glass transition temperature, sintering temperature, and crystallization temperature of the sealing glass were decreased with increasing B2O3. With an increase in the B2O3/SiO2 ratio, the average bridge oxygen number of the glass network first increased and then decreased, and the boron abnormality phenomenon was detected at a B2O3/SiO2 ratio of 0.55, at which the polymerization degree of the glass network was maximized. Furthermore, the precipitation of BaAl2Si2O8 crystals was promoted and the crystallinity of the sealing glass was increased, inhibiting sintering densification and weakening the material. The sealing glass with a B2O3/SiO2 ratio of 0.55 sintered at 800 °C for 10 min showed the best properties: a thermal expansion coefficient of 7.89 × 10−6 K−1, flexural strength of 114.28 MPa, Vickers hardness of 622.98 HV, dielectric constant of 12.14, and a dielectric loss value of 4.11 × 10−3. After the sealing glass was co-sintered with the Al2O3 ceramic substrate, the interface was tightly bonded. This indicates the great potential applicability of BaO–SrO–B2O3–SiO2 sealing glass for Al2O3 ceramic substrate packaging.

Structural characterization, Gd3+ → Eu3+ energy transfer and radiative properties of Gd/Eu in codoped Li2O–ZnO–SrO–B2O3–P2O5 glass

A series of Gd doped Li2O–ZnO–SrO–B2O3–P2O5 glasses and co-doped samples with different Eu3+ concentrations was synthesized through the conventional melt quenching route. The structural, morphological, and elemental distributions were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The effect of Gd doping on the thermal properties of prepared glasses was studied by differential thermal analysis. Characteristics photoluminescence (PL) emissions of Gd3+ (6P7/2→8SJ/2) and Eu3+ (5D0→7FJ) were observed in the doped glass matrix. Strong PL emissions at 312 nm (6P7/2 → 8S7/2) shown by the Gd-doped glasses upon excitation at 274 nm suggests its prospect in phototherapy applications. Phonon energy of the glass matrix calculated from the phonon sidebands of Eu3+ spectra was obtained as 970 cm−1. The values of branching ratios and stimulated emission cross-sections obtained from Judd-Ofelt analysis indicate the suitability of the prepared Gd–Eu co-doped glasses for optical display devices. The Observed Ω2 > Ω4 suggests Eu3+ occupancy preferably at less centrosymmetric sites in the studied glass hosts. The change in the local symmetry environment of the dopant ions with Gd incorporation was further analyzed by determining the asymmetry ratio of Eu3+ emission in the co-doped glass. The emission spectra and luminescence lifetimes suggested the efficient energy transfer from Gd3+ to Eu3+. Co-doping of Gd led to better chromaticity values and improved color purity of Eu3+ red emission.

Theoretical studies on the concentration dependences of optical spectra and spin Hamiltonian parameters for V4+ in CdO–SrO–B2O3–SiO2 glasses

The optical absorption spectra, spin Hamiltonian parameters (SHPs, g factors and hyperfine structure constants) and their concentration dependences for impurity V4+ in 10CdO-(20-x)SrO–50B2O3–20SiO2–xV2O5 (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mol%) glasses are theoretically studied based on the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a tetragonally compressed octahedral 3 d1 cluster. The measured optical transition bands and SHPs for V4+ in CdO-(20-x)SrO–B2O3–SiO2–xV2O5 glasses at various V2O5 concentrations x can be suitably reproduced by using the reasonable cubic concentrations functions for the related model quantities (i.e., cubic field parameter Dq, covalency factor N, relative tetragonal compression ratio ρ, core polarization constant κ and reduction factor H). The impurity V4+ center is found to suffer the relative tetragonal compression ratio by about 4–6% of the Jahn-Teller nature. In view of possible applications of these glass systems in various fields such as optics, chemistry, medicine and industry, present studies would be helpful for the explorations of structures and properties for CdO–SrO–B2O3–SiO2 and similar glasses as well as the enhancement of the properties containing transition-metal dopants at distinct concentrations.

Experimental and theoretical analysis of radiation shielding properties of strontium-borate-tellurite glasses

The aim of this investigation is to analyse the radiation shielding features of a SrO–B2O3–TeO2 glass system. The glasses have the composition of 10SrO-(90-X)B2O3-XTeO2, where X is equal to 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 mol%. The mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of the samples were experimentally determined and were validated with results obtained using the Phy-X/PSD software. Narrow beam transmission geometry was utilized to obtain the experimental MAC values. When comparing the experimental and theoretical values, the results were found to strongly agree with each other. Using the MAC values, the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) of the glasses were determined. The results demonstrated that the LAC values decrease with increasing energy, meaning that the glasses are more effective against lower energy photons. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) showed that increasing the TeO2 content in the glasses improves the shielding ability of the glasses. The HVL and MFP were next calculated and the SBT60 sample showed to have the lowest values at all energies, while having the greatest Zeff and Neff. Lastly, the MFP results for the SBT60 glass were compared against other common radiation shields and it was demonstrated that the sample outperformed most of the shields it was compared against. Therefore, it was concluded that the SBT60 glass has great potential as an environmentally friendly shield for radiation applications.

Glass formation and properties of glasses in the system SrO–B2O3–SiO2–xAl2O3 (x=0; 10 mol.%)

The paper shows the prospects of the system SrO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 as a basis for the synthesis of new vitreous and glass-ceramic materials, which are widely used as electrical insulated and high-temperature coatings, for sealing of solid oxide fuel cells, and in the production of heat resistant materials. We experimentally established the conditions of glass formation, regions of glass-forming melts and properties of glasses, the chemical composition of which is limited by the following content of components (mol.%): SrO 30–80, B2O3 10–60, SiO2 10–60, and Al2O3 0–10. It is shown that during the synthesis of glasses in the corundum crucible at the temperature of 13500С the region of glass formation in the system SrO–B2O3–SiO2 is limited by the following content of components (mol.%): SrO 30–60, B2O3 10–60, and SiO2 10–50. It is found that the introduction of Al2O3 to the composition of these glasses expands the region of glass formation towards increase of the SiO2 content in the glass up to 60 mol.%. Experimentally determined values of glass properties are within the following limits: coefficient of linear thermal expansion (67–118)10–7 К–1; glass transition temperature 570–6600С; dilatometric softening point 580–7000С; and density 2.62–3.71 g cm–3. The established patterns of influence of the components and conditions of glass formation on the physical and chemical characteristics of glasses may serve as an experimental basis for designing of new materials with a complex of specified properties, which allows solving the problems of their practical use.

Radiation-induced luminescence of Ce-doped SrO–B2O3 glasses

Abstract The performance of phosphors generally depends on the local coordination of activators. The luminescence properties are also affected by the excitation light source and radiation-induced luminescence, like X-ray-induced scintillation, is quite different from conventional photoluminescence (PL) excited by UV light. Here, we have examined the optical and luminescence properties of Ce3+ in strontium borate glasses. The pulse height spectra by 241Am irradiation indicate that the X-ray induced luminescence intensity detected consists of prompt scintillation and storage luminescence. Persistent luminescence at room temperature was clearly observed in B2O3-rich glass after X-ray and UV irradiation. In the present borate glass system, B2O3-rich glass exhibiting a deep optical absorption edge is favorable for high luminescence intensity by UV irradiation and storage luminescence, while SrO-rich glass is suitable for high detection ability of α-rays.