Squat Performance Research Articles

The effect of the menstrual cycle phases on back squat performance, jumping ability and psychological state in women according to their level of performance -a randomized three-arm crossover study

ObjectiveThe influence of the menstrual cycle on practical power performance such as barbell back squats and jumping performance in women has not yet been fully investigated. In addition, the performance level of athletes has not been considered in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different cycle phases on acute back squat performance, jumping ability and psychological state concerning the performance level.Methods24 female strength athletes (age: 25.2 ± 3.3 years; height: 169.5 ± 3.4 cm; body weight: 67.7 ± 7.3 kg) were recruited for the study. Level of performance was classified according to Santos et al. (intermittent (n = 13), advanced (n = 6), highly advanced (n = 5)). Participants were tested for 1RM barbell back squat and jumping performance (countermovement and squat jump) as well as two questionnaires assessing their psychological states in the menses (M), late follicular phase (FP) and mid-luteal phase (LP) in three MC. Saliva estradiol and progesterone concentrations with a menstrual cycle diary were used to confirm a normal MC. A principal components analysis for power performance, well-being, relaxation and alertness was carried out and a linear mixed model was used for statistical evaluation.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the MC phases in performance scores (p > 0.05), readiness (p > 0.05) and alertness (p > 0.05). However, a high correlation between MC phases, performance level and back squat performance was detected. Correlation analyses indicate that a higher performance level results in a higher variation depending on the MC of the squat performance. For well-being, a significantly lower score was detected in M than in FP and LP.ConclusionIn general the performance score of the lower body is not influenced by the MC. If strength performance and jumping ability are considered separately, there are indications that strength capability is influenced at a higher performance level. In addition, individual variance was also observed, so this should also be considered. However, further studies are needed to confirm this assumption due to the small sample sizes of the individual performance levels.Trial registrationGerman registry for clinical studies (DRKS00034816, Date: 08/01/2024).

Comparison of kinematic parameters, muscle activity and movement timing between “good” and “poor” performers of a single-leg squat

IntroductionVisual scales offer a cost-effective alternative to complex biomechanical analysis for single-leg squat (SLS) performance. There is a lack of consensus on the relationship between visual rating and kinematic measurements in physical therapy assessments. The study aimed to compare kinematic parameters, muscle activity and timing between good and poor performers of SLS, selected based on visual evaluation of movement. MethodsForty asymptomatic male volunteers were classified based on a visual assessment of their SLS movements. For participants rated as good performers (n = 19) and poor performers (n = 8), electromyographic activity, kinematic parameters and movement timing were compared. ResultsSLS execution was significantly different in groups in terms of the hip frontal plane and spine transversal plane of movement and the timing of the hip and knee motion. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in multifidus muscle activity during SLS, frontal plane movement of the knee and squat depth. ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that coordination and timing of movements should be carefully considered during SLS examinations to obtain a comprehensive evaluation for planning exercise rehabilitation.

Quantifying the Training Loads and Corresponding Changes in Physical Qualities among Adolescent, Schoolboy Rugby League Players.

The adolescent development period is critical for rugby league athletes, given the physical growth, neuromuscular adaptation, and skill acquisition that occurs. Secondary schools play an important role in the development of adolescent rugby league players; however, players may be selected into rugby league academies and development programs outside of school, as well as participating in additional sports. In turn, the training loads these young athletes accrue and the implications of these loads are currently unknown. Our aim was to quantify the training loads and concomitant changes in physical qualities of schoolboy and adolescent rugby league players during mesocycles within the pre-season and in-season phases. This is a prospective experimental study. Twenty-one schoolboy rugby league players (16.2 ± 1.3 years) were monitored across separate 4-week mesocycles in the pre-season and in-season. Session frequency, duration, and the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) load were reported for all examples of training and match participation in the school rugby league program, as well as club and representative teams for any sport and personal strength and conditioning. Various physical qualities were assessed before and after each 4-week mesocycle. The sRPE load that accumulated across the 4-week mesocycles was higher in the pre-season than the in-season (8260 ± 2021 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 6148 ± 980 AU, p < 0.001), with non-significant differences in accumulated session frequency and duration between phases. Session frequency, duration, and sRPE load differed (p < 0.05) between some weeks in an inconsistent manner during the pre-season and in-season mesocycles. Regarding physical qualities, improvements (p < 0.05) in the 10 m sprint test, Multistage Fitness Test, medicine ball throw, and 1-repetition maximum back squat and bench press performances were evident across the pre-season mesocycle, with declines (p < 0.05) in the 505-Agility Test, L-run Test, and 1-repetition maximum back squat performances across the in-season mesocycle. Conclusions: These novel training load data show schoolboy rugby league players experience considerable demands that may be suitable in developing several physical qualities during the pre-season but detrimental to maintaining such qualities across the in-season.

Dynamic Functional Ability in Lacrosse Players in Relation to Development of Sport-Related Onset of Musculoskeletal Pain.

Unlike other sports, the relationship between performance deficits and pain/injury in lacrosse players has not been well-investigated. The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine whether age and sex differences exist in dynamic physical function tests and drop jump performance among lacrosse players, and 2) determine whether pre-seasonal physical function scores predict onset of either lower extremity or low back pain over time. Prospective observational study. Lacrosse players (N=128) were stratified into three groups: 12-14.9 yrs, 15-18 yrs and >18 yrs. Thomas test (hip flexibility), Ober's test (iliotibial band tightness), and Ely's test (rectus femoris tightness) were performed. Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores were collected while players performed drop jumps. Sagittal and frontal plane movement from 2D video during single and double legged squats was assessed. Musculoskeletal pain symptoms or injury were tracked for six months. Age bracket, sex and physical function scores were entered into logistic regression models to determine risk factors that predicted onset of lower extremity pain and low back pain onset. LESS scores and single-leg squat movement quality test scores were lowest in the 12-14.9 yr groups and highest in the >18 yr group (all p<0.05). Single leg squat performance score increased the odds risk (OR) for lower extremity pain (OR=2.62 [95% CI 1.06-6.48], p=.038) and LESS scores elevated risk for low back pain onset over six months (OR = 2.09 [95% CI 1.07- 4.06], p= .031). LESS scores and single legged squat performance may help identify lacrosse players at risk for musculoskeletal pain or injury onset. Detecting these pertinent biomechanical errors and subsequently developing proper training programs could help prevent lower extremity and low back pain onset. III.

Immediate Effects of High-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Performance and Muscle Soreness

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim was to investigate the immediate effects of high-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (HIRT-BFR) on rectus femoris (RF) muscle activity, reaction time, muscular performance, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in healthy young adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy young adults were randomized into the HIRT-BFR group or HIRT group. Both groups performed a single session of training with 80% of 1RM, 8 repetitions, 2 sets, and 3 minutes rest to RF muscle. The activity and reaction time of the dominant extremity RF muscle were evaluated by superficial electromyography (sEMG), muscular performance by single-leg squat test, and DOMS by the Visual Analog Scale. Results: Single-leg squat performance was significantly increased in HIRT-BFR (p = .001) and HIRT group (p = .04). Additionally, in HIRT group resting average (p = .03), resting maximal voluntary contraction % (p = .04), and relaxation minimum (p = .02) values of RF were significantly increased. DOMS level decreased significantly in HIRT-BFR (p < .001) and HIRT group (p = .019). The differences were similar in the groups for sEMG parameters, muscle performance, and DOMS level. Conclusion: We observed that HIRT-BFR and HIRT were similar in terms of muscle activation, reaction time, muscular performance of the RF, and DOMS level.Trial registration number: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrails.gov (NCT05274542).

Effect of warm-up protocols using lower and higher loads on multiple-set back squat volume-load.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after three warm-up protocols on back squat performance in trained men. Fourteen resistance-trained men performed conditioning activity (CA) with high-load (HL-CA), low-load (LL-CA), or usual specific warm-up as a control (CON). HL-CA consisted of one set of three repetitions with 90% of one repetition maximum (RM); LL-CA consisted of one set of six repetitions with 45% of 1 RM performed at maximal velocity; CON involved eight repetitions with 45% of 1 RM at controlled velocity. The participant's performance was measured using the total number of repetitions and volume load (reps × load × sets). There were no significant differences between warm-up for the total number of repetitions (p = 0.17) or total volume load (p = 0.15). There was no difference between conditions for the number of repetitions (main condition effect; p = 0.17); however, participants achieved a significantly higher volume load after HL-PAPE than after CON for the first set (p = 0.04). High or low equated-load CA used as warm-up strategies did not potentiate subsequent performance enhancement in multiple-set back squat exercise performed until muscle failure in comparison with usual warm-up.

The potential of a targeted unilateral compound training program to reduce lower limb strength asymmetry and increase performance: a proof-of-concept in basketball.

This study investigates the efficacy of training methodologies aimed at mitigating asymmetries in lower limb strength and explosiveness among basketball players. Thirty male university basketball athletes were enrolled in this research. Initial assessments were made regarding their physical attributes, strength, and explosiveness. Subsequently, the participants were randomly allocated into two groups: an experimental group (EG, n = 15) and a control group (CG, n = 15). Over 10 weeks, the EG engaged in a unilateral compound training regimen, incorporating resistance training exercises such as split squats, Bulgarian split squats, box step-ups, and single-leg calf raises (non-dominant leg: three sets of six repetitions; dominant leg: one set of six repetitions) and plyometric drills including lunge jumps, single-leg hops with back foot raise, single-leg lateral jumps, and single-leg continuous hopping (non-dominant leg: three sets of 12 repetitions; dominant leg: one set of 12 repetitions). The CG continued with their standard training routine. Assessments of limb asymmetry and athletic performance were conducted before and after the intervention to evaluate changes. 1) Body morphology assessments showed limb length and circumference discrepancies of less than 3cm. The initial average asymmetry percentages in the single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) for jump height, power, and impulse were 15.56%, 12.4%, and 4.48%, respectively. 2) Post-intervention, the EG demonstrated a significant reduction in the asymmetry percentages of SLCMJ height and power (p < 0.01), along with improvements in the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test metrics (p < 0.05). 3) The EG also showed marked enhancements in the double-leg countermovement jump (CMJ) and standing long jump (SLJ) outcomes compared to the CG (p < 0.01), as well as in squat performance (p < 0.05). The 10-week unilateral compound training program effectively reduced the asymmetry in lower limb strength and explosiveness among elite male university basketball players, contributing to increased maximal strength and explosiveness.

Ecologically dynamic flywheel ergometer squat performance characteristics between national Olympic athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy

Ecologically dynamic flywheel ergometer squat performance characteristics between national Olympic athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy

THE BENEFITS OF KNEEFLEXIONS (SQUATS) ON BODY HEALTH

This article seeks to show the importance and benefits of performing squats and their correctness to avoid and reduce the risk of injury during daily activities. At the same time, it helps to improve balance and to obtain a correct posture. When designing the article, a systematic review of the literature of the specialty and clinical studies from personal experience was carried out. The search included specialized articles and media, such as medicinenet, healthline, medicalnewstoday, etc.. Following specialist research and my own experience, I have found that the constant performance of squats brings the following benefits: develops the body's functional strength, improves the muscles of the lower limbs, prevents injuries to the knee and hip joints, improves athletic performance, increases mobility and the flexibility of the lower limbs and the lower back muscles, leads to an increase in bone density, relieves pain by releasing endorphins, stimulates blood circulation and stimulates intestinal transit. The article underlines the importance and benefits of doing squats to maintain the health of the body, they should be done daily, being part of our daily routine like any other exercise, leading to the prevention of diseases of the lower limbs and the lower back area. Keywords: squats, health, kneeflexions, muscles, knees, hips, exercises, stretching, health, toning, tone, calories.

Effects of an integrative warm-up method on the range of motion, core stability, and quality of squat performance of young adults.

This research aims to determine the effects of an integrative warm-up method on the range of motion in joints of the lower extremities, the strength of the stabilizer trunk muscles, and the quality of the basic movement patterns in older adolescents. The study sample consisted of 88 male students (age 20.1 ± 0.5). They were randomly divided into four groups: one control group (CG) (n = 17; 180.8 ± 7.9 cm; 82.3 ± 8.3 kg) and three experimental groups (EG): EG1 (n = 23; 180.9 ± 7.0 cm; 78.5 ± 9.5 kg), EG2 (n = 31; 182.2 cm ± 7.3 cm; 79.5 ± 11.5 kg), and EG3 (n = 17; 183.3 ± 4.9 cm; 77.5 ± 11.8 kg). The participants were subjected to a 6-week experimental treatment: EG1 once, EG2 twice, and EG3 three times a week. The experimental treatment consisted of four sub-phases representing the integrative warm-up Method: 1) Inhibition (self-myofascial release using a foam roller); 2) Lengthening (Static stretching in a maximum range of motion position); 3) Activation (Positional isometrics muscle activation of the trunk and gluteus); 4) Integration (Integrated all the previous phases into one complex movement pattern). Based on the covariance analysis (ANCOVA), statistically significant treatment effects were observed and positive changes were determined in all experimental groups. The differences between groups were observed in the following variables: Overhead Squat Assessment (p = 0.000; ), range of motion of left hip flexion (p = 0.000; ), range of motion of right hip flexion (p = 0.000; ) and range of motion of right hip extension (p = 0.051; ), Double Leg Lowering Test (F = 2.411; p = 0.014; ) and range of combined motion (plantar and dorsiflexion) of left ankle joint (p = 0.000; ). There was no significant difference in the Plank Test (F = 1.007; p = 1.007; ), range of combined motion (plantar and dorsiflexion) of right ankle joint (p = 0.088; ) and range of motion of left hip extension (p = 0.158; ). The participants of CG statistically significantly differed from EG1, EG2, and EG3 in the squat performance after the applied treatment. The effect of the treatment was the occurrence of a transformational processes in almost all measured variables. It can be concluded that the integrative method is effective and applicable in practice for both young adults and recreational athletes.

Whole-body kinematics of squats two decades following anterior cruciate ligament injury

BackgroundKinematic studies suggest that injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to long-lasting movement deficits or compensations to unload the injured knee. This study evaluated lower body kinematics during squats in individuals who suffered unilateral ACL-injury more than 20 years ago. Method: Using motion capture, we compared maximum squat depth, time to complete the squat task, detailed kinematics, estimated kinetic-chain joint moments 0- 80° knee flexion, and weight distribution between legs across three groups with (ACLR, n = 27) and without ACL-reconstructive surgery (ACLPT, physiotherapy only, n = 28), and age-matched non-injured asymptomatic Controls (n = 31, average age across groups 47 years). Results: ACLPT demonstrated significantly reduced squat depth compared to Controls (p = 0.004), whereas ACLR performed similarly to Controls (p = 1.000). Other outcome variables were comparable between groups. All participants nevertheless demonstrated asymmetric weight distribution between legs but without systematic unloading of the injured side in the ACLgroups. Conclusion: Expected compensatory strategies were not found in the ACL-groups, while poorer squat performance in the ACL-deficient group may depend on pure knee-joint mechanics, or lifestyle factors attributed to a less stable knee decades after ACL-injury.

Effects of unilateral, bilateral, and combined unilateral+bilateral complex resistance training on bench press and squat strength in adolescent boxers.

Objective: To assess the effects of 8weeks of unilateral (UNI), bilateral (BI), and combined unilateral + bilateral (UNI + BI) resistance training on bench press and squat strength in adolescent boxers. Methods: Using the Gym Aware linear accelerometer, free-weight squat and bench press strength exercises were evaluated after an 8-week training intervention. Thirty adolescent boxers were randomly assigned to three groups: UNI, height: 1.73 ± 0.08m, weight: 55.42 ± 5.85kg; UNI + BI, height: 1.7 ± 0.06m, weight: 54.73 ± 5.33kg; and BI, height: 1.74 ± 0.06m, weight: 59.67 ± 8.39kg. Each group followed their designated UNI/BI/UNI + BI compound resistance training protocols, and the effects of 8 weeks of single-sided and bilateral intervention training on the performance of free-weight squat and bench press exercises at 30%, 50%, and 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) were evaluated. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the 30% 1RM, 50% 1RM, and 80% 1RM outcomes for both squat and bench press exercises before and after the interventions (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In the intergroup comparison, GymAware measurements revealed that the UNI and UNI + BI groups exhibited superior peak power values for squat and bench press exercises at 30% 1RM compared to the BI group. Discussion: UNI and UNI + BI training led to significantly higher output power values in bench press and squat exercises at 30% 1RM compared to the BI training group.

Investigation of maximal strength performance in terms of training time routine

Background and Study Aim. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding the relationship between daily training time, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. The connection between daily training time, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance continues to be a subject of research debate. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate whether maximal strength performance is affected by daily training time routines. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 36 male bodybuilding athletes, who were divided into three equal groups (n=12); Noon Group, Afternoon Group, and Evening Group. The distinguishing feature amongst the groups was that they had been training at different times of the day for the past 6 months, and within each group, athletes had been training at the same time of day (Noon Group 12:00-14:00; Afternoon Group 17:00-19:00; Evening Group 21:00-23:00). A one-repetition maximum squat test was administered to each group with there being a 72-hour interval between the tests. Results. The findings from the research indicate that there is a relationship between athletes' daily training time routines and maximal strength performance. Athletes perform at their best during the time that corresponds to their daily training routine. The analysis reveals a statistically significant advantage in 1-RM squat performance for athletes adhering to their daily training time routines at various times of the day (p &lt;0.001). Notably, Group Noon, Group Afternoon, and Group Evening achieved their highest 1-RM squat performance when following their respective daily training time routines. Conclusions. Results underscore the importance of aligning training schedules with athletes' natural rhythms, enhancing performance optimization strategies. It is believed that effective planning for training time by coaches and conditioning experts, taking into account competition times, would be a valuable strategy.

Does Overhead Squat Performance Affect the Swing Kinematics and Lumbar Spine Loads during the Golf Downswing?

The performance of the overhead squat may affect the golf swing mechanics associated with golf-related low back pain. This study investigates the difference in lumbar kinematics and joint loads during the golf downswing between golfers with different overhead squat abilities. Based on the performance of the overhead squat test, 21 golfers aged 18 to 30 years were divided into the highest-scoring group (HS, N = 10, 1.61 ± 0.05 cm, and 68.06 ± 13.67 kg) and lowest-scoring group (LS, N = 11, 1.68 ± 0.10 cm, and 75.00 ± 14.37 kg). For data collection, a motion analysis system, two force plates, and TrackMan were used. OpenSim 4.3 software was used to simulate the joint loads for each lumbar joint. An independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. Compared to golfers demonstrating limitations in the overhead squat test, golfers with better performance in the overhead squat test demonstrated significantly greater angular extension displacement on the sagittal plane, smaller lumbar extension angular velocity, and smaller L4-S1 joint shear force. Consequently, the overhead squat test is a useful index to reflect lumbar kinematics and joint loading patterns during the downswing and provides a good training guide reference for reducing the risk of a golf-related lower back injury.

Non-Local Muscle Fatigue Impairs Mean Propulsive Velocity During Strength Loading in Strength-Trained Men

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study examined the acute influence of a bench press (BP) loading on the explosive squat (SQ) performance and vice versa. Methods: Nineteen strength-trained men completed 2 experimental sessions consisting of either a SQ+BP loading or a BP+SQ loading with 3 × 5 + 3 × 3 repetitions at 80% of the 1-repetition maximum in a randomized order. SQ and BP mean propulsive velocity (MPV) were assessed during both loadings, at baseline (T0) as well as immediately after the first (T1) and second strength loading (T2). Results: Both BP and SQ MPV decreased between T0 and T1 in SQ+BP (−6.13 ± 6.13%, p = .014, g = 0.485 and −9.11 ± 7.23%, p < .001, g = 0.905, respectively) and BP+SQ (−15.15 ± 7.69%, p < .001, g = 1.316 and −7.18 ± 6.16%, p < .001, g = 0.724, respectively). Mean BP MPV was lower in set 2 to set 6 in SQ+BP when compared to BP+SQ (−7.90% − 9.88%, all p < .05, g = 0.523–0.808). Mean SQ MPV was lower in set 1 and set 4 in BP+SQ when compared to SQ+BP (−4.94% − 5.22%, all p < .001, g = 0.329–0.362). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the presence of non-local muscle fatigue affects the movement velocity. Therefore, if a training program aims to perform strength training exercises with maximal movement velocity, it is essential to carefully evaluate whether upper and lower body exercises should be carried out within close proximity.

Effect of sub-maximal and maximal barbell weight training on selected physical parameters and squat performance of power lifters

Effect of sub-maximal and maximal barbell weight training on selected physical parameters and squat performance of power lifters

The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders.

It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders. The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of professional and amateur bodybuilders' functional movements and the quality of the back squat performance. A secondary purpose was to discern whether greater experience in bodybuilding was associated with better scores on the back squat assessement (BSA). Cross-Sectional Cohort. Twenty-six athletes were recruited to participate. The group of professional bodybuilders consisted of five men and six women, a total of 11 athletes. The group of amateur bodybuilders consisted of seven men and eight women, a total of 15 athletes. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was used to assess the seven included fundamental patterns that evaluate an individual's neuromuscular control, mobility, balance, and stability. The BSA was used to assess the quality of movement, dysfunction, deficit, or compensation during the squat exercise. Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables. Overall, athletes with a higher total FMS™ score performed better on the BSA as well. The professional athletes scored 2.58 points higher than the amateurs on total FMS™ scores (p<0.001).Professional athletes scored better on the BSA than amateurs (p<0.001). A statistically significant, positive moderate correlation was revealed between the FMS™ total score and the squat total score (r=0.68; p=0.005). A higher FMS™ score in bodybuilders is associated with a higher BSA score. Professional bodybuilders have higher FMS™ scores and higher BSA scores than amateurs. Greater experience in bodybuilding is associated with the compliance with several BSA criteria: trunk position, frontal knee alignment, tibial translation angle, foot position in all three back squat variations with different external loads, and descent with the training weight. 3b.

The relationship of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength and tightness with squat performance in children with cerebral palsy

The relationship of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength and tightness with squat performance in children with cerebral palsy

Investigation the relationship between squat performance test, respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, and cardiorespiratory endurance in children with cerebral palsy

Investigation the relationship between squat performance test, respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, and cardiorespiratory endurance in children with cerebral palsy

Lower limb muscle activation pattern in male soccer players with lumbar hyperlordosis

Objectivethe aim of the current study was to compare the lower limb muscle activation pattern in soccer players with and without lumbar hyperlordosis during single-leg squat performance. Methodsthirty male collegiate soccer players (15 with and 15 without lumbar hyperlordosis) performed the SLS task. Surface EMG was used to record the activation of eleven lower limb muscles. The activation of these muscles reduces to 100 points during the SLS cycle, where 50% demonstrates the maximum knee flexion, and 0% and 99% demonstrate the maximum knee extension. Resultssoccer players with lumbar hyperlordosis had higher muscle activation than those with normal lumbar lordosis in gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and medial gastrocnemius. By contrast, they had lower gluteus medius, vastus medialis oblique, rectus femoris, soleus, and medial gastrocnemius (only in the final ascent phase of the SLS) muscle activity than the normal group during the SLS. Conclusionthis alteration may negatively affect targeted muscle performance during the SLS. Subsequent study is required to specify whether such an alteration in the lower limb muscle could be accompanied by injury in soccer players and change in their athletic performance.