Word Square Research Articles

<i>m</i>-aperiodic words on three-letter alphabet

The work is devoted to the study of sets of aperiodic words over a finite alphabet. The set of aperiodic words can be considered as a dictionary of some finite formal language. The existence of infinite words in two-letter or three-letter alphabets that do not contain subwords that are third powers or, respectively, squares of other words was first discovered more than a hundred years ago. S.I. Adyan in 2010 constructed an example of an infinite sequence of irreducible words, each of which is the beginning of the next and does not contain word squares in a two-letter alphabet. S.E. Arshon established the existence of an n-digit asymmetric repetition-free sequence for an alphabet of at least three letters. In the monograph by S.I. Ad- yan proved that in an alphabet of two symbols there exist infinite 3-aperiodic sequences. In the works of other authors, generalizations of aperiodicity were considered, when not only the powers of some subwords were excluded. In the monograph by A.Yu. Olshansky proved the infinity of the set of 6-aperiodic words in a two-letter alphabet and obtained an estimate for the number of such words of any given length. The au- thor previously considered the case of a three-letter alphabet only in the case of 6-aperiodic words. In this article, we prove the infinity of the set of m-aperiodic words in the three-letter alphabet at m≥4and obtain an estimate for the set of such words. The results can be applied when encoding information in space communications.

Increasing Knowledge about Breast Cancer in Young Women with Word Square Model Education

As the third greatest cause of death globally, cancer is a malignant disease. Adolescents aged 11 to 24 are more likely to get breast cancer, and their survival rates are generally poorer. One of the things that contributes to the high prevalence of breast cancer because of ignorance is lack of awareness. Thus, steps must be taken to remedy this problem, one of which is introducing the word square model into the classroom. The purpose of the study is to examine how word square model teaching affects adolescent girls' awareness of breast cancer in the classroom. A Pre-Experiment using the One Group Pretest Posttest Design technique was the study methodology employed. There were 136 female students in seventh grade at SMPN 03 Jember who made up the study's population. With a sample size of 56 respondents, proportionate random sampling was used to choose the participants. The Wilcoxon test was employed in data analysis to assess the impact of word square model education on the degree of breast cancer knowledge. The study's findings demonstrated that word square model instruction had an impact on teenage girls' knowledge levels in the classroom, with the majority of them falling into the "good" category with p < 0.05. In conclusion, this study shows that teaching teenage girls about the word square model has an effect on their degree of breast cancer knowledge.

Word Square Model Used by Poster Media to Improve Primary School Student Learning Outcomes

The aim of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in Civics learning by implementing the Word Square Model Assisted by Poster Media to Improve Learning Outcomes. This type of research is PTK which includes four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages carried out in three cycles, with research subjects totaling 26 students. Data collection techniques use observation instruments, questionnaires and tests. This data is analyzed using a percentage formula. The results of the research through the application of the Word Square Model Assisted by Poster Media to Improve and the Learning Outcomes of Class V Students have increased. The results of observing teacher activities in the Pre-Cycle were 45.31%, then increased in cycle I, namely 76.13%, in cycle II it increased to 88.63%, in cycle III it became 100%. Student activity in the Pre-Cycle was 43.61%, then increased in cycle I, namely 70.45%, in cycle II it increased to 93.18%, in cycle III it became 100%. Meanwhile, learning outcomes in the Pre-Cycle were 30.76%, then increased in cycle I, namely 53.86%, in cycle II it increased to 73.07%, in cycle III it became 92.30%. It can be concluded that the Word Square Model Assisted with Poster Media can increase the activity and learning outcomes of class V students at SDN 33 Banda Aceh.

Improving Students’ Vocabulary through “Word Square Method”

Kosakata mengacu pada kumpulan kata yang familiar bagi seseorang dalam bahasa tertentu. Ini mencakup kata-kata yang dipahami, dikenali, dan digunakan seseorang dalam berbicara, menulis, mendengarkan, dan membaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan metode word square dalam meningkatkan kosakata bahasa Inggris siswa kelas satu di SMP Negeri 1 Tanggetada. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimana bisa metode word square dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan kosakata para peserta didik?”. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kosakata bahasa Inggris murid-murid kelas satu di SMP Negeri 1 Tanggetada. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu preliminary research, planning, action, observing, analyzing, dan reflecting pada setiap siklusnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kosakata bahasa Inggris para peserta didik. Peneliti menggunakan dua jenis instrumen untuk mengumpulkan data, antara lain test kosakata yang diberikan pada pertemuan ke empat di tiap siklus, dan lembar observasi yang diisi pada saat proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini membuahkan hasil yang baik dalam hal peningkatan pengetahuan kosakata, maupun kinerja para murid di dalam kelas. Peneliti melakukan dua siklus dalam penelitian ini. Siklus pertama dianggap gagal karena hanya 36% dari para siswa yang mampu mencapai skor minimal (75) dikarenakan belum pahamnya siswa terhadap metode word square. Setelah siklus kedua dilaksanakan serta inovasi peneliti dalam melakukan word square di kelas, persentase keberhasilan pun meningkat menjadi 80%. Oleh karena itu, penelitian pun dihentikan karena telah dianggap berhasil.

Improving English Vocabulary Mastery using Word Square Method

Students who study foreign languages have weaknesses in the vocabulary they learn. The aim of this research is to determine the process of increasing students' vocabulary mastery through the word square game in class II elementary school students in the city of Tangerang for the 2023/2024 school year. The subjects of this research were second grade elementary school students for the 2023/2024 academic year. This class consists of 11 students. This research uses quantitative methods. The results of the analysis in collecting data, researchers use tests. The tests were given in the form of pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2. Researchers analyzed the average score of each test to determine the increase in students' vocabulary mastery after carrying out these actions. students' mastery of skills increases optimally. This can be seen from the pre-test score of 80, post-test 1 90, and post-test 2 92.27. After implementing the actions, researchers were able to solve problems in increasing mastery of understanding. Students are able to understand the meaning of words based on the context. By using the word square game in vocabulary learning, students can easily understand and memorize new vocabulary. In the vocabulary learning process, when the teacher uses the word square game, students look very enthusiastic and enjoy the learning process.

Use of Word Square Learning Media in Learning The History of Islamic Culture at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

<div><em>Islamic teachings stipulate that education is an activity that is obligatory for men and women, and education is an activity that lasts a lifetime ( life long education ). As time goes by, the learning process is not only delivered through the lecture method. Which mostly makes students bored, if learning is delivered using conventional methods. So, teachers must be able to create an interesting learning environment in order to arouse interest in learning in students. One way to increase students' interest, especially in the SKI learning process, is to use the Word Square learning media. The study in this research uses literature review by studying and reading literature related to the research object. The research results show that in its application the Word Square learning media combines the ability to answer questions by matching answers to boxes that are similar to crossword puzzles, so that this can create an interesting and effective learning process.</em></div><p> </p><p>Ajaran islam menetapkan bahwa pendidikan merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang wajib hukumnya dilakukan bagi pria dan wanita, dan pendidikan merupakan kegiatan yang berlangsung seumur hidup (<em>life long education</em>). Seiring berkembangnya zaman, dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran tidak hanya disampaikan melalui metode ceramah. Yang mana kebanyakan menjadikan para peserta didik bosan, jika pembelajaran disampaikan dengan metode konvensional tersebut. Sehingga, guru harus dapat menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang menarik agar dapat membangkitkan minat belajar pada diri peserta didik. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik, khususnya dalam proses pembelajaran SKI adalah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Word Square. Kajian dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan kajian literatur dengan mempelajari dan membaca literatur-literatur yang terkait dengan objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam penerapannya media pembelajaran Word Square memadukan kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan dengan mencocokkan jawaban pada kotak-kotak yang mirip seperti teka-teki silang, sehingga hal tersebut dapat menciptakan sebuah proses belajar yang menarik dan efektif.</p>

لترقية قدرة الطلبة على مهارة الكتابة في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية 3 أتشية غربية " Word Square" تطبيق وسيلة

This research Aims to determine the application of the Word square media to improve students' ability in writing skills as well as to determine students' responses to the application of the "Word Square" media in learning writing skills, besides that it also aims to determine the influence of the application of the "Word Square" media in increasing students' ability in writing skills at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 3 Aceh Barat. This research is experimental research with the type One Group Pre test- Post test Design. The research instruments used in this research were interviews, questionnaires and tests. The research results showed that the response of MTSN 3 West Aceh students to Word Square media was very good. This is shown by the T Test results being greater than the T table value This indicates that applying the “Word Square” method to improve students’ ability to write skills in the Government Islamic Secondary School 3, Western Aceh, is effective, and this indicates that the test result T is greater than the result of the table, which means (2.09<25‚51>2.86) Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted

MOTIVASI DAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS MAHASISWAKEPERAWATAN TINGKAT IV DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPEWORDSQUARE

Using a cooperative learning model of the Word Square variety, the study sought to enhance the English language learning activities and motivation of nursing students at the Health Institute of DELI HUSADA Deli Tua Deli Serdang. The study took place in September and August of 2023. Thirty DELI HUSADA Deli Tua Class B Nursing Students, sixteen of whom were female and fourteen of whom were boy, comprised the samples for the academic year 2023–2024. The parameters of measurement were student motivation and learning activities. The results showed that student motivation had increased. Prior to the action, the average student motivation was 2.92 (medium category), but in the first cycle, it increased to 4.21 (high category). In the second cycle, students' motivation rose by an average of 4.56 points (high category). The average percentage of student learning activities increased in the first cycle category, where there was a sufficient amount of 669.95%. The average percentage for both categories in the second cycle was 84.45%.The study's findings suggest that using Word Type Square's Cooperative Learning Model to teach students can boost their enthusiasm and engagement in the classroom. in English classes at Class B of Nursing Students DELI HUSADA Deli Tua in Academic Year 2023/2024.

IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY BY USING WORD SQUARE MEDIA

The purpose of this research is to find out whether using word square media can improve the vocabulary mastery of the eleventh grade students of SMK Negeri 3 Metro. In this study, researchers conducted classroom action research (CAR) which was carried out in three cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The subjects of this study were 32 students of eleventh grade at SMK Negeri 3 Metro. In collecting data, researchers used pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2, post-test 3, observing, interview, and questionnaire. The results of the study show that using Word square media can improve stu-dents’ vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 3 Metro, this can be seen in the progress of the pre-test and post-test cycle 1 to cycle 3. the average of pre-test score was 42.31% and the post-test in cycle 1 was 61.37%, the average value in post-test 2 was 75.40% and the average score in cycle 3 was 81.37%. pre-test and post-test cycle 1 to post-test cy-cle 3 there was an increase of 5.97%. it means that the results of the post test have reached indicators of success that can be achieved on the results of this post-test. Students responses in using word square media that have been done can be seen that 93.45% of students gave respones very positive in learning using word square learning media and word square media can be said to be practical and easy to use for students, this can be seen from the enthusiasm of students and their spirits at the first time in using word square media.

Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Word Square Pada Mata Pelajaran Fikih Kelas X di MAS Al-Manaar Batuhampar

This research was motivated by a fiqh subject teacher who applied the Word Square learning strategy in the learning process he carried out, learning was still teacher-centered so that interactions between students and teachers rarely occurred, students were less thorough in finding answers to the problems given, there were still students who are less able to work in discussion groups and solve problems, and students tend to study individually. This research aims to find out: How the Word Square learning strategy is implemented in the class X jurisprudence subject at MAS Al-Manaar Batuhampar and the obstacles teachers face in implementing the Word Square learning strategy in the class This research uses a type of field research using descriptive methods. The descriptive method can be interpreted as a way of solving the problem being investigated by describing the research object based on visible facts or as they really are. Data collected through observation, interview and documentation methods. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Word Square learning strategy carried out by the class X fiqh teacher at MAS Al-Manaar Batuhampar has been implemented well through appropriate procedures or steps. The steps in implementing the Word Square learning strategy consist of, firstly, an opening activity which is carried out by opening the lesson with greetings, providing motivation and dividing into discussion groups. The two core activities are carried out by delivering material, distributing Word Square worksheets, giving direction to group work and discussing assignments. The three final activities were carried out by providing enriching material and closing the learning with greetings. In implementing the Word Square learning strategy, the fiqh subject teacher also found several obstacles, namely, students who were less active, lack of student discipline and lack of mutual respect between group members.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tiper Word Square Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar PAI Siswa SMP N 3 Kinali

During the PAI process, researchers saw that students did not play an active role during the learning process. Based on this problem, the aim of conducting this research is to find out how much influence the application of the Word Square type cooperative learning model has on the PAI learning activity of students at SMP N 3 Kinali. In this research, the type of research used by researchers is experimental research. From this experimental research, the researcher took a Quasi experimental design. The design is a Posttest Only Control design. Based on the results of the analysis of students' PAI learning activeness during the learning process by implementing the Word Square type cooperative learning model. In the learning process, students were seen paying attention and listening to the explanations given by the researcher and actively asking questions. The average result is 81.13. After data collection, it is then processed and hypothesis tested using the t-test. At the significant level α = 0.05. Test criteria: Accept Ha if tcount ≥ ttable and Reject H0 if tcount ≤ ttable. The results of hypothesis testing using the t-test show that the tcount value (21.5030) is greater than ttable (1.999). So, H1 is accepted, namely that there is an influence of implementing the Word Square type cooperative learning model on students' active PAI learning.

Effective Thinking: Representation Implementation Word Square Learning Model on Islamic Religious Education

The philosophy of the learning process carries out at least five main dimensions, namely active, innovative, creative, effective and fun. The content of Islamic religious education learning materials such as the Koran, hadith, morality and others, requires a plurality of learning models. Harmony between the content of learning materials and the models used was a necessity that cannot be ruled out. One of the learning models that can be used in learning Islamic religious education is the word square. This study aims to examine more deeply the benefits of word squares in improving and developing the ability to think effectively as an indicator of the learning model. The research instrument used written interviews, with a questionnaire model with five component indicators of the ability to think effectively. The number of respondents was 35 students of class X at SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh Banyuwangi. The average research results for measuring the five component indicators of the ability to think effectively reach 93.7 per cent which confirms that the word square learning model played a role in improving and developing students' effective thinking.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN WORD SQUARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 274 MATTIROWALIE

This research is a classroom action research that aims to increase student motivation in science subjects of grade V students of SD Negeri 274 Mattirowalie through the application of the Word Square learning model. The subjects of this study were 19 grade V students. The research design used is cyclical or recycled research with four stages, namely, planning, implementing actions, observation and reflection. The data collection techniques used are observation, questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive, qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that there was an increase in students' motivation to learn science from 57.89% in the cycle to 84.21% in second cycle. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the Word Square learning model can increase the motivation to learn science of grade V students of SD Negeri 274 Mattirowalie.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Word Square Terhadap Kemampuan Peserta Didik Dalam Menghafal Kosakata Bahasa Arab Kelas IX MTsN 2 Palu

The learning process using the word square learning model aims to encourage students' understanding of the subject matter, create a pleasant atmosphere because learning is in the form of games, train disciplined students, stimulate students to think effectively because this learning model can be a driver and reinforcement in the material so that it can improve student learning outcomes. In this regard, this study aims to prove the influence of the Word Square learning model on the ability of students to memorize Arabic vocabulary in class IX MtsN 2 Palu. This type of research is tentative. The focus of this research is teachers in the field of Arabic studies of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTSN) with a sample of 62 people. The research approach used by researchers is a quantitative approach with experimental methods. And for this research design use Pre-Test and Post-Test Control Group Design. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 Program with a different test, namely the t-test or the U test (Mann-Whitney). The results show a significant influence of this learning model on students by showing the results obtained with a probability value of < α at a significant level of 95%. And some differences show the average ability to memorize Arabic vocabulary using the model. This explains that these results obtained the mean value in the experimental post-test > than the control class post-test.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN WORD SQUARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATA KULIAH PENGANTAR AKUNTANSI

The learning process carried out in higher education cannot be separated from the interaction process between lecturers and students. In practice, the learning process is not easy because students not only capture information from the lecturer, but also other efforts are needed to get good grades. Problems about learning outcomes are generally faced by several students in each department. This happened to 2019’s students in the D4 Financial Accounting study program at the Pos Indonesia Polytechnic, where student learning outcomes in introductory accounting courses were not quite good. In fact, these courses are very important to be studied and used as the basis for courses in future semesters in the accounting department. Several factors may affect the low learning outcomes, such as lack of interest and lack of student motivation in understanding the material presented by the lecturer, so that students are less involved in the learning process, and the learning method used by the lecturer is too monotonous. Therefore, lecturers need a learning model that is not boring so that it can help the class situation to be more active and interesting. One learning model that is interesting and has elements of a game is the word square learning model. Word square learning can make students directly involved in learning activities that are expected to be able to connect knowledge in the context of real world situations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the word square learning model to increase motivation and learning outcomes of accounting students in the Introduction to Accounting course. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental design using the Noneequivalent control group design type. Determination of this type of quasi-experimental research on the grounds that this research is an educational research that uses humans as research subjects.

A Note on Squares in Binary Words

We consider words over a binary alphabet. A word [Formula: see text] is overlap-free if it does not have factors (blocks of consecutive letters) of the form [Formula: see text] for nonempty [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of positions that are middle positions of squares (of the form [Formula: see text]) in [Formula: see text]. We show that for overlap-free binary words, [Formula: see text], and that there are infinitely many overlap-free binary words for which [Formula: see text].

Using Word Square Game to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Achievement

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of using the Word Square approach on students' vocabulary achievement. Students in the eighth grade from a public junior high school in Mendo Barat, Bangka Belitung, were chosen as the sample for an experimental type of research and separated into two groups using a quasi-experimental design: the experimental group and the control group. The test was the instrument employed in this study, and the t-test analysis was performed to assess the test data. The test result was analyzed statistically using the Paired Sample T-Test and the Independent Sample T-Test. It revealed that the experimental and control groups' respective mean pre- and post-test differences were 34.268 and 33.334. Additionally, the t-obtained post-test value of 1.549 was greater than the essential t-table value of 2.01. The findings suggested that the null hypothesis was disproved and the alternate hypothesis was found. According to the findings, the Word Square was one of the most successful strategies for increasing students' passion for studying English.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Word Square dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPS pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 1 Beringin Raya Tahun pelajaran 2022/2023

The problems in this study are 1) student learning outcomes are still low, 2) some students are classified as passive in learning 3) when learning students are easily distracted by surrounding conditions and 4) the use of learning models has not varied. One way that can be done to overcome these problems is to apply the word square learning model. The purpose of this study is to increase social studies learning activities and outcomes using the word square learning model in grade 5 students at SDN 1 Beringin Raya Kemiling for the 2022/2023 academic year. The method in this study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects in this study were 30 class 5A students at SDN 1 Beringin Raya Kemiling. Data collection techniques in this study were in the form of observation sheets, learning achievement tests, and documentation. The indicator of learning outcomes in this study is to achieve a percentage of 80% of the total number of students who score above the KKM. The research results obtained were (1) student activity in cycle I using the word square learning model obtained a percentage of 64.29% and increased in cycle II to 88.10% and (2) social studies learning outcomes after implementing word square learning every the cycle has increased, where in the pre-cycle the mastery of 50% was obtained, then it increased in cycle I to obtain a percentage of 70% and increased again in cycle II to obtain a percentage of 90%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that by applying the word square learning model it can increase the activity and learning outcomes of Social Sciences students in grade 5 SDN 1 Beringin Raya Kemiling in the 2022/2023 academic year.

Model Word Square : Konsep Simantik Siswa Mengenal Mufrodat pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

This study aims to see the concept of the word square model presented by the teacher to students as an effort to get to know mufrodat in learning Arabic. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. This research is located at MI Ar-Rofi'iyah, Semampir Village, Kraksaan District, Probolinggo, East Java. The source of the data was obtained through observation and interviews with 3 informants, namely the head of the Madrasah, the fifth grade teacher and the Arabic teacher. The data analysis used is owned by Milles and Hubberman namely data reduction, data display and data verification. The results of the study stated that MI Ar-Rofi'iyah applying the word square model was able to introduce students to various mufrodats and their meanings properly and correctly. The Arabic language learning model with word square is modified with 4 learning activities, namely istima', takrar, bahtsul kalimah, and tashih. Not only that, this learning model makes it easier for students to practice concentration, be observant and careful in choosing and finding answers. It can be said that this research is a new way of modifying the learning model so that it is not stuck in a boring learning concept for students by adjusting to the characteristics of students and learning needs will make it easier for teachers and students to quickly achieve learning goals.

Penerapan Media Permainan Word Square Dalam Pembelajaran Materi Lagu Daerah Kelas V SDN 1 Talang

Student learning outcomes can be divided into three types, namely cognitive learning outcomes related to the material obtained by students, affective learning outcomes related to students' attitudes in carrying out and after the learning process, and student psychomotor learning outcomes related to student skills. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of word square learning media at SDN 1 Talang. The subjects of the study were the principal, teachers and students of SDN 1 Talang. Techniques in data collection namely interviews, observation, and documentation. The results obtained from this study are that SDN 1 Talang has used word square game media in learning, especially folk song material for fifth grade students.