SPWM Signal Research Articles

RANCANG BANGUN DAN PROTEKSI INVERTER PURE SINE WAVE SPWM 500 WATT BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY LOGIC

The application of power electronics is growing in the DC to AC converter system often called (Inverter). The inverter system utilizes a DC voltage source generated by a battery, power supply, or other DC voltage source, which will later be converted to AC voltage by the inverter. The development of microcontrollers as a driver for generating PWM signals on inverters encourages us to continue to develop. One of the developments of the microcontroller is ESP32. This study aims to produce a single-phase inverter with a pure sine wave output using the ESP32 driver as the SPWM signal generator. Besides that, to maximize the performance of the inverter, it is necessary to add a protection system to reduce the risk of damage to the inverter or the load. The use of fuzzy method is used to stabilize the voltage.

Research on Simulation System of Microgrids based on STM32

With the gradual depletion of traditional fossil energy and the increasing demand for electricity, finding new energy sources has become the only way for sustainable development. Microgrid is becoming an important auxiliary power for some developed and developing countries to solve the supply problem of energy system, which can not only effectively improve the overall utilization rate of renewable energy, but also improve the power supply reliability of the main grid. In this paper, the hardware circuit and software control of microgrid simulation system based on STM32 are studied and designed. The main circuit design of microgrid simulation system is based on STM32 single chip microcomputer as the main control core, and the pulse modulation signal SPWM is output through the software program of STM32F103CBT6 single chip microcomputer. The MOS driving circuit provides driving voltage and control signal to drive the inverter bridge to invert DC into AC. The inverter bridge is modulated by SPWM control technology, and the high-frequency signal in AC is filtered by low-pass filtering circuit, and finally the stable AC with a fixed frequency of 50 Hz is the output. By calculating the device parameters of the main control circuit and the full-bridge inverter circuit in the hardware unit circuit, and making appropriate selection of components, the specific model is determined, and finally the circuit design of the whole circuit is completed. The hardware circuit is designed rationally by Altium designer, and the software circuit is programmed by Keil. The influence of SPWM signal output by the circuit on the resistance load and its output waveform is analyzed comprehensively, and the influence of working frequency on the output waveform of the circuit is studied.

Implementasi Inverter Berbasis Square Wave dan Sinusoidal PWM Menggunakan Arduino Uno

Inverters with square waves and sinusoidal output signal waves have different efficiency values. The difference is very visible, especially when the inverter is used to drive an electric device that uses a motor. In a sinusoidal wave type inverter, electricity consumption will be more efficient than the use of a square wave type inverter. This study aims to determine the efficiency value of the square wave and sinusoidal inverter wave output in supplying the load. Square wave and sinusoidal inverters require a controller, the controller uses an Arduino Uno which acts as an SPWM signal generator and a square wave signal is used to drive the MOSFET with push-pulls topology. Based on the results of the inverter test to determine the efficiency, it shows that the inverter with sinusoidal output is 96.40% better, while the inverter with square wave output is only 83.34%, this test is carried out using a 50W LED lamp load .

Speed Control of Induction Motor Using Variable Frequency Driver (VFD) Method Based On Arduino Nano

This research aims to control the speed of an induction motor by exploiting changes in the fundamental frequency. The inverter as the main part of the variable frequency driver (VSD) uses the IRFZ44n Mosfet as a power switch with a full bridge topology to convert the DC source to AC power. Fundamental frequency manipulation takes place during the conversion process. The method used is to change the variable fundamental frequency of the SPWM signal generated by the Arduino nano to control the power switch. Experiments are carried out based on two stages, namely simulation, and experiment. The simulation is performed using the Pspice A/D Lite software to take time sample data (HIGH and LOW) at each frequency change of 13Hz, 25Hz, 38Hz, and 50Hz, then the sample data is input on the Arduino nano as an SPWM signal generator to control the power switch. The results of the variable frequency drive test are the frequencies generated to drive the induction motor at 12.50 Hz, 24.04 Hz, 35.71 Hz, and 48.54 Hz at motor speeds from 227.7 to 1359.6 rpm.

Design of Single Phase Voltage Inverter Control Circuit Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

In this paper, a control circuit is designed, which can reverse the direct current into alternating current. This circuit is based on STC12C5A60S2 MCU, using its PCA function to achieve two SPWM signals, then inverts DC 12V to AC 24V. The data test shows that the AC voltage obtained by this device is stable and the frequency error is small, so it can be applied to the demand field of small-scale inverters.

Design and Development of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter for Variable Frequency Drive

Three phase induction motors are the workhorse of industry. Variable speed operation of the motor enables substantial energy savings through implementation of variable frequency drives. This project concerns on the design and implementation of three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) for variable frequency drive. The focus was to generate variable frequency output suitable to be fed to the induction motor for the purpose of variable speed control. SPWM signal was generated through SIMULINK algorithm. The VSI circuit was designed, fed with SPWM trigger signal and simulated for variable frequency output in terms of line-to-neutral and line-to-line voltage across R-L load. In the experimental setup, the real VSI system was developed, the SPWM trigger signal generated through SIMULINK and interfaced to hardware using Arduino microcontroller. The output is dropped across resistive load and parameters line-to-neutral and line-to-line voltage was measured. Three set of output voltage with frequency of generated at 20Hz, 50Hz and 70Hz. Thus, experimental result validated that variation of frequency of voltage output of the VSI has been successfully achieved.

Three-phase photovoltaic grid inverter system design based on PIC24FJ256GB110 for distributed generation

<span lang="EN-US">In recent years, the demand for energy generated by photovoltaics has increased because of the cheapness of this energy, especially in the Middle East. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a three-phase photovoltaic inverter system for distribution of generator applications. The three-phase inverter used in this study was designed using GWM 100-01X1 as a three-phase full bridge MOSFET package. The MOSFET full bridge of the three-phase inverter is driven using IR2104 gate driver IC, and the Hall sensors of the voltage and current are used to measure the AC and DC voltage and current. The SPWM signal is generated using a PIC24FJ256GB110 as a microcontroller and interfaced to the full bridge package. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the three-phase inverter design.</span>

Hard Real Time Software Design for Three Phase SPWM Generation Systems by Using Fixed Point Arithmetic Computation in Low Cost 16 Bit DSC dsPIC30f4011

Three-phase voltage source inverters are widely used in various power system applications including industrial motor drives, renewable generation systems, active filter and active rectifiers. The main aim of this paper is to present the software design and implementation of a SPWM signal generator system for the three phase inverter with variable frequency-variable voltage magnitude output based on the low cost-high performance of 16 bit digital signal controller dsPIC30f4011. To achieve a fast execution time, all the arithmetic computations are designed and realized by using the fixed point arithmetic technique, whereas the sinusoidal wave value is precalculated and stored in 8-bit wide look up table. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the software realization.

Automatic Frequency Identification under Sample Loss in Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Signals Using an Iterative Autocorrelation Algorithm

In this work, we present a simple algorithm to calculate automatically the Fourier spectrum of a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Signal (SPWM). Modulated voltage signals of this kind are used in industry by speed drives to vary the speed of alternating current motors while maintaining a smooth torque. Nevertheless, the SPWM technique produces undesired harmonics, which yield stator heating and power losses. By monitoring these signals without human interaction, it is possible to identify the harmonic content of SPWM signals in a fast and continuous manner. The algorithm is based in the autocorrelation function, commonly used in radar and voice signal processing. Taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the autocorrelation, the algorithm is capable of estimating half of the period of the fundamental frequency; thus, allowing one to estimate the necessary number of samples to produce an accurate Fourier spectrum. To deal with the loss of samples, i.e., the scan backlog, the algorithm iteratively acquires and trims the discrete sequence of samples until the required number of samples reaches a stable value. The simulation shows that the algorithm is not affected by either the magnitude of the switching pulses or the acquisition noise.

Development of Intelligent Frequency Drum Washing Machine Based on Fuzzy Control Technology

Aiming at the current energy efficiency of washing machine is not high. The smart inverter washing machine based on fuzzy control technology is designed. Drum washing machine including a content body structure design, programmable controller and the overall program and frequency control module is highlighted. And the generation and fuzzy reasoning process SPWM signals and other issues are discussed in detail. The results show that the use of fuzzy control technology frequency control can not only save water and energy, but also meet the modern requirements of a variety of special laundry, in line with the development trend of the washing machine technology.

The Design of the Single-Phase Inverter Based on DSP (TMS320F2812)

This paper designs a single-phase inverter.Battery as a 12V DC input, and output for the 24V,50 HZ standard AC wave. The load is resistive.The power supply adopts the Boost booster and two full-bridge inverter transform. For the control circuit, the preceding Boost converter using tl494 chip control closed-loop feedback and for the inverter part, adopting the 6N137 to finish the optical coupling isolation.Then,through the DSP (TMS320F2812) to complete the output of SPWM modulation.And the modulated SPWM signal can drive chip IR211 conducting the full bridge inverter. Finally, through a low-pass filter output the standard sine AC inverter power.

The Synchronization Control of a Series Hybrid Power Forklift System

With the improvement of human environment protection consciousness, and at the situation of the high price of crude oil.Hybrid electric vehicle has gradually become the development trend of the future.Synchronization of power supply of the generator and battery is a necessary condition for forklift work stability. The system outputs SPWM signal by single chip microcomputer AT89C51 as the core chip,implementation of the trace function of frequence and phase,implementation of the defensive function of under-voltage and over-current.The circuitry electrical system is simple and flexible control.Hybrid forklift is verified its effectiveness by simulation analysis through multisim and matlab.Implementation of synchronous control of hybrid systems.

Spectrum calculation of chaotic SPWM signals based on double fourier series

Chaotic SPWM control has attracted much interests due to its effectiveness for EMI suppression in power converters. However, most researches focus on the simulation and experiment of power converter under chaotic SPWM control, which is lacking a quantitative method. Based on double Fourier series this paper provides a spectrum calculation method for multi-period SPWM or quasi-random SPWM signals firstly, and the related spectrum calculation and simulation for multi-period SPWM are given to verify the accuracy of the spectrum calculation method; then the calculation method is extended to the spectral analysis of chaotic SPWM signals. To observe the impact on the spectrum of chaotic SPWM signals generated by different mappings and in different variation ranges of carrier period, a spectrum comparison between the Tent and Chebyshev mappings is conducted, in which results indicate that the variation range of the carrier period and the selection of mappings have a great influence on spectrum distribution; in the long term, probability density distribution of chaotic mapping will certainly affect the spectrum, and in the short term the initial value of the mapping will also affect the spread spectrum distribution. In summary, the proposed spectrum calculation method in this paper provides a theoretical foundation for the spread spectrum principle of chaotic SPWM control and for the design reference in practical engineering application.

Study on Electrical Automation with Design of the PWM Signal Generator Based on MSP430

The PWM signal generator, in which the DC voltage, sine AC or arbitrary waveform signal can be the base wave to control the duty cycle, is designed in this paper. The high-speed comparator modulates the two signals, one is the base wave signal generated by MSP430F169 and the other one is the PWM modulated wave signal generated by the voltage controlled oscillator, and then generates the PWM signal. The frequency of the PWM signal can be regulated, the frequency and waveform of the base wave can be programmed and the three-phase SPWM signal can be generated. The PWM signal generator can be applied in the field of converting technology in power electronics and electrical automation.

Design on Digital PWM Inverter Power Based on SA4828

The design scheme of three-phase inverter power which was combined with AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer and three-phase IC chip SA4828 was given in this article and the main power circuit, control circuit, isolation, driven circuit and the software flow chart were introduced. The whole system adopted SA4828 to generate the sine pulse width modulation signal (SPWM), which simplified control circuit, reduced costs and improved the system reliability. At the same time, the interface between SA4828 and single-chip microcomputer was simple and convenient, moreover, the program of SA4828 was simple and the SPWM signal was digital, especially when the output frequency and amplitude remained unchanged, the single-chip microcomputer needn’t intervene in SA4828, which saved computer times and improved the speediness and real-timeliness.

Three-Phase AC Variable Frequency Speed Adjustment Controller Based on FPGA

In the paper, the three-phase ac motor is used as the controlled station and the FPGA device EP1C3T144C8 is adopted as the control core. Aiming at the flexibility of the variable frequency system based on SPWM, the DDS technique is introduced. The process of speed adjustment is conducted by AC motor by the three-phase supply with tunable frequency generated by inverter switch device based on SPWM signal. With rational structure and simplified design, this project can generate stable SPWM signal, high frequency resolution and fast switching speed.

Research on High Frequency and High Voltage Switching Power Supply for Electrostatic Precipitator

Electrostatic precipitator is the efficient dust removal equipment for environmental protection. As the core part, high voltage inverter power supply determines the efficiency and effect of dust removal. This paper design a high frequency and high voltage switching power supply for electrostatic precipitator based on FPGA. The power supply system is composed of rectifier and filter circuit, high frequency inverter circuit, step-up transformer and high voltage rectifier silicon reactor circuit. Using IRFP460N as power switches, single-phase full-bridge inverter was set up. The SPWM signals produced by FPGA EP2C5T144C8 were isolated and amplified through drive circuit IR2110. The function of variable frequency and voltage was realized. Hardware test showed the whole system operated safely and reliably.

The On-Grid Photovoltaic Power Generation Simulate System Design

The photovoltaic power generation, as the effective complement of the existing grid, usually adopts the on-grid method，which needs to solve the frequency and phase tracking problem; otherwise, once the frequency and phase of the electric energy in the photovoltaic power generation system are different from those in the grid, the solar power will become an interference source of the existing grid. In the on-grid photovoltaic power generation simulate system, use a DC power supply and a resistance to simulate solar cells. The microcontroller outputs SPWM signals to control the status of the high-frequency power tubes in the inverter circuit，thus changing the DC energy power into AC power with the same frequency and phase of the grid. On the other hand, because the light and temperature will affect the outputting features of the solar cells, usually we require the solar cells work at the maximum power output point. In the system, we use the microcontroller to realize the maximum power point tracking algorithm. Seen from the experimental results, the quality of the output wave is good; by testing, the efficiency of the whole machine is above 80%.