SPV System Research Articles

Feasibility and Techno-Economic Assessment of a 128kWp Grid-Tied SPV System using HOMER Pro

Abstract A substantial amount of the world’s annual CO2 emissions are attributable to the continued consumption of electricity from the grid that is generated from burning fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources could strengthen grid reliability and lessen their effect on the environment, especially in high-demand regions prone to power failures. Investigating the viability of erecting solar power plants in a subtropical area to provide the necessary electricity for an educational building that operates mainly during daylight hours is the main intent of the present study. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate and validate a model for enormous-scale commercial HRES applications (such as an educational institution) utilising the HOMER programme to figure out the optimal size. Minimising emissions of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas responsible for accelerating global warming, is also of the utmost importance. Based on the simulation findings, the optimal system configuration consisted of a 120 kW converter and 400 PV arrays (each with 320 Wp = 128 kWp). For regional power generation, the most cost-effective choice is still a combination of solar panels and the grid. Findings show that a HRES can be economically feasible for installation in educational institutions at an initial capital cost of USD $0.068 million with annual operating expenses of USD $0.0447 million—a reduction of 44.11% compared to the existing system. The expected payback for this endeavour is five years. Other locations with identical climates could benefit from these results when considering the deployment of comparable technology. In order to help achieve a zero-carbon target, financial rewards could encourage governments to adopt similar schemes.

A novel on high voltage gain boost converter with cuckoo search optimization based MPPTController for solar PV system

Traditionally, isolated and non-isolated boost converters are used for solar photovoltaic systems (SPV). These converters have limitations such as low voltage gain, less voltage ripples, temperature dependence, high voltage stress across the switches, and being bulky in size. Besides, the solar PV system also has non-linear characteristics between I–V and P–V, and the energy yield potential is affected by partial shading phenomena. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is being added to the SPV system to get the maximum output power under steady and dynamic climate conditions. Although the conventional MPPT has drawbacks such as less accuracy in predicting the MPP under partial shading conditions, low tracking speed, and more ripples, Hence, the research proposes a stackable single switch boost converter (SSBC) with a Cuckoo search MPPT controller for the SPV system. The efficiency of the proposed circuit topology has been compared with conventional boost converters with various MPPTs. Subsequently, the accuracy of tracking true MPPT by CSO is compared with that of PSO and FPNA. The results show, that the CMPPT with CBC has produced more ripples, whereas the BMPPT with SSBC produces ripple-free power under steady conditions. It is also observed that SSBC with BMPPT produces more power than SSBC with TMPPT. The efficiency of SSBC with BMPPT is better than other combinations. Finally, a prototype model has been developed and verified.

Sizing and cost analysis for integrated renewable energy system in a study area

The renewable energy sources such as micro hydro, biomass, wind, solar photovoltaics can provide clean and sustainable electricity, as a result, many of sources are already proving cost-competitive contributing about 2% of the total electricity supply of the country. However, one of the issues limiting their greater penetration is done to its intermittent and seasonal availability for energy production. The availability of renewable power depends upon the resources potential and size of the system. The sizing for integrated renewable energy systems (IRES) depends on the uses of the system (load on the system) and the tariffs available from the local utility. In this paper, the sizing and cost analysis of MHP, biomass, wind and SPV system has been under taken.

Alleviation of Power Quality Issues in MVF-DEANF-PLL Based Solar PV Systems under Polluted Grid Conditions

Solar energy is a sustainable and environmentally safe power source due to its widespread availability and cleanliness. Nowadays, the grid-integrated solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) has to work with a polluted grid, an imbalanced load, and changing solar irradiation. When the grid is polluted, it is also crucial to enhance power quality (PQ) at a common coupling point (CCP) while supplying significantly distorted and unreliable loads. For effective synchronization and the production of unit templates, it is necessary to retrieve positive sequence components (PSCs) from distorted/imbalanced grid voltages. In this study, a control algorithm for a grid-integrated SPVS is developed using a multi-variable filter dual-enhanced adaptive notch filter phase-locked loop (MVF-DEANF-PLL) which offers seamless grid synchronization and PQ issue alleviation. In a polluted grid environment, the proposed control approach aids in the reduction in current/voltage harmonics, DC offset, unity power factor (UPF) operation, and rapid estimation of sequence components. Even in unbalanced grid conditions, the proposed control approach efficiently extracts PSCs of both unbalanced load current and polluted CCP grid voltages. These PSCs are utilized to generate unit templates and reference source currents. By using a flexible step-size incremental conductance (FSSINC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, the highest available power of SPVS is gathered. MATLAB/Simulink is utilized for modelling a 7.22 kW SPV system, and results from simulations which depict that the proposed algorithm efficiently resolves PQ concerns in distribution networks with a polluted grid. Test observations of a 1 kW laboratory-developed SPVS prototype were recorded in compliance with the IEEE-519 standard. The suggested control technique complies with the aforementioned standards by providing a sinusoidal balanced source current that has a THD of 2.5%. Comparisons between the proposed control’s performance and that of a conventional SRF-PLL-based control technique were also performed.

Performance analysis of the global maximum power point tracking based on spider monkey optimization for PV system

In recent years, numerous in-depth studies have been conducted in the field of maximum power point tracking, and numerous innovative methodologies have also been suggested. According to the ongoing research in this field, the technique that would combine the advantages of all existing procedures would have the highest efficiency. In this paper, the study begins with an extensive description of the various MPPT approaches that are required for SPV systems. The benefits and drawbacks of these technique has been discussed. A global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) technique that amalgamates the advantages of existing techniques has been presented. The proposed system utilizes the swarm intelligence-driven technique known as Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO). The details of how the novel SMO-GMPPT operates with SPV system is also discussed. Its working and the outcomes of the descriptive Simulink model has been presented. The simulation results have also been validated with the hardware results. The results show that SMO-GMPPT, has reduced steady state error (%), transient state error (%), and settling time as 0.061, 1.229 and 3ms respectively. Also dynamic state error in various conditions is reduced. The findings demonstrate the ability of SMO-GMPPT and results in a quick and reliable approach for GMPPT, to monitor the genuine global peak under partial shading events.

Control for Power Quality Improvement of Solar Photovoltaic-Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator Interfaced with Weak Grid Using Multi-Variable Filter Dual Second-Order Generalized Integrator Phase-Locked Loop

This study proposes a control method for transferring power generated by a solar photovoltaic system. The control algorithm, called MVF-DSOGI-PLL or Multi-Variable Filter Dual Second-Order Generalized Integrator Phase-Locked Loop), accurately estimates symmetrical components, phase angle, and positive sequence voltages of the Common Point of Interface (CPI) in distorted grid conditions. The approach creates a compensatory current to reduce PQ difficulties by extracting the size of the basic current load undergoing operation employing the SOGI method. These systems can operate in either modes of PV-DSTATCOM or DSTATCOM, depending on solar insolation’s availability. The simulation models of the grid-interfaced SPV systems are developed in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performances of the suggested control method. The results of simulation demonstrate that the suggested control systems efficiently transfers the power generated by PV arrays to a grid while performing tasks like load balancing, power factor correction (PFC), and harmonics reduction. Furthermore, the MVF-DSOGI-PLL-based control algorithm successfully mitigates PQ issues in distribution networks with weak grids, ensuring that PQ levels remain between a limited set by the IEEE-519 standard. A laboratory prototype of the proposed system is implemented to assess its steady states and dynamic efficient under fluctuating solar insolation, and load imbalance distortions.

A Reduced Switch Count Seven-Level Boost ANPC Based Grid Following Inverter Topology With Photovoltaic Integration

A boost active-neutral-point-clamped (BANPC) multilevel inverter based on a switched-capacitor network generally shows a bargain between the number of switches and its voltage rating. Moreover, control complexities are increased with the increase in switch count. In this paper, a new single-phase seven-level boosted ANPC (7L-BANPC) topology using 8(eight) switches, one floating capacitor, and one dc source is presented. The proposed inverter is capable of producing 1.5 times voltage boosting and needs a lower switch voltage rating. The efficiency of the proposed inverter is increased significantly due to lower rating switching devices and a reduced number of total conducting switches. The unipolar level-shifted sine pulse width modulation is considered for controlling the proposed inverter. A three-phase single-stage grid-connected SPV system with the proposed 7L-BANPC inverter is implemented. For the proposed system, theoretical analysis and design calculations are illustrated. The steady-state and dynamic performances of the proposed inverter as well as the grid-connected SPV system under different load power factors, modulation indices, and environmental conditions are simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and tested using OPAL-RT real-time emulator. A comparison with existing topologies clearly shows the benefits of the proposed inverter.

Perfect stabilisation of the electrical efficiency of a set of semi-transparent photovoltaic panels using a smart cooling system

The hybrid solar photovoltaic systems are among the most widely used photovoltaic systems due to their high electrical efficiency. In this paper, a set of smart hybrid photovoltaic systems, integrating a semi-transparent photovoltaic panel with smart hybrid solar collector tubes is proposed. Additionally, a smart cooling system is used for the first time to perfectly stabilize the electrical efficiency of the proposed hybrid systems for different solar irradiation. These new systems are mainly proposed for the first time to improve the electrical efficiency of a semi-transparent photovoltaic panel. To obtain the effects of sun irradiation and linear Fresnel lens on the performance of each hybrid system, a set of mathematical equations is coded in MATLAB software. The main results revealed that the maximum electrical efficiency of the SPV/SHC/Bi2Te3, SPV/SHC/PbTe, SPV/SHC/Bi2Te3/Bi2Te3, SPV/SHC/Bi2Te3/PbTe, and SPV/SHC/PbTe/PbTe in absence of smart cooling system are respectively 2.88%, 3%, 5.76%, 5.88%, and 6% higher than that of the stand-alone SPV system. When these hybrid panels are equipped with smart cooling system, the maximum electrical efficiency of the SPV/SHC/Bi2Te3, SPV/SHC/PbTe, SPV/SHC/Bi2Te3/Bi2Te3, SPV/SHC/Bi2Te3/PbTe and SPV/SHC/PbTe/PbTe are respectively 3.58%, 3.7%, 6.46%, 6.58% and 6.7% higher than that of the conventional SPV system. These results also showed that the SPV/SHC/PbTe/PbTe system with smart cooling system is electrically more efficient than the other systems, which is due to its higher efficiency and power output of 14.1% and 410.271 W. The electrical efficiency of the proposed hybrid systems, equipped with an intelligent cooling system, stays stable for higher and medium values of sun irradiation. These results provide a definitive solution to the problem of decreasing electrical efficiency of photovoltaic panels due to the increase of its temperature.

A novel topology for power quality improvement using EPO incremental conductance MPPT controller for SPV system with 51-level inverter

A novel topology for power quality improvement using EPO incremental conductance MPPT controller for SPV system with 51-level inverter

Modular battery-integrated bidirectional single-stage DC–DC converter for solar PV based DC Nano-grid application

Attributed to the growing focus on energy savings and eco-friendliness, the solar PV-based DC Nano-grids for residential and commercial buildings are becoming more popular. On the other hand, solar photovoltaic systems (SPV) are intermittent and unreliable due to their dependency on external factors such as solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and unpredictable shadows. In addition, the power degradation occurs in SPV systems due to module mismatch losses caused by various factors like partial shading (PS), dissimilar aging effect, different power ratings, etc. The conventional PV system cannot handle all these issues, so it is essential to address them. This paper proposes a bidirectional modular PV battery system (BMPBS) that uses non-isolated buck and boost converter combinations. This system is capable of self-sustained generation, storage, and bidirectional power flow within the Nano-grid. The proposed BMPBS can handle losses due to module mismatch and intermittency in SPV with the help of battery storage system (BSS), making the overall SPV system reliable. It requires single-stage power conversion to extract maximum power from each PV module and BSS charging and discharging. Its modular design allows it to function across various voltage, power, and BSS choices. This paper discusses the operation, steady-state analysis, and dynamic analysis of the proposed BMPBS. The performance of the proposed BMPBS is validated using a state-of-the-art experimental setup with two PV modules, each having a rating of 90WP.

A Framework of Reduced Sensor Rooftop SPV System Using Parabolic Curve Fitting MPPT Technology for Household Consumers

In this paper, a novel Parabolic Curve-fitting based Hill Climbing (PCHC) MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm is developed to extract maximum power from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels under dynamic environmental conditions for household consumers. Moreover, this developed PCHC algorithm is integrated with a novel reduced sensor-based approach, where only a single current sensor is used to complete the solar-powered battery charging process. The ease of implementation with a simple controller and reduced sensor approach makes it economical for residential rooftop SPV. In the proposed PCHC methodology, two consecutive points on the Power-Voltage (P-V) characteristic of PV are used to detect the Maximum point region quickly. Moreover, the parabolic nature of the P-V characteristic near the Maximum Power Point (MPP) zone is explored to calculate the approx value of voltage corresponding to the optimum power. Here in every iteration, the size of the perturbation in duty is reduced by fifty percent. It overcomes the trade-off between tracking speed and oscillations near the MPP of conventional MPPT techniques such as perturb and observe, incremental conductance. These oscillations affect the connected consumers’ load working efficiency and lifetime. Moreover, it also improves the dynamic performance by taking different step sizes for sudden and slow changes in irradiation levels. The boost converter has been used to realize the performance of the proposed PCHC MPPT technique. The performance of the PCHC MPPT algorithm has been validated on different types of irradiation patterns and obtained results that fulfill the motive of the work.

Performance Analysis of an Optimized Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter on Grid Connected SPV System

The purpose of this research is to develop an efficient single-phase grid-connected PV system using a better performing asymmetrical multilevel inverter (AMI). Circuit component reduction, harmonic reduction, and grid integration are critical criteria for better inverter efficiency. The proposed inverter’s optimized topology requires seven unidirectional switches, three symmetric dc sources, and three diodes to produce an asymmetric fifteen level output; whereas, the same configuration will generate 7, 11, and 15-level output with an appropriate choice of dc source magnitudes. It is possible to reduce inverter losses and boost efficiency by decreasing the number of switches used. The integration of an asymmetric 15-level inverter with a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system is discussed in this article. A grid-connected solar photovoltaic (GCSPV) system is modelled and simulated using an asymmetric 15-level inverter. The dc sources of the 15-level inverter are replaced with PV sources. The results were analyzed with different operating temperatures and solar irradiance conditions. The GCSPV system is controlled by a closed-loop control system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO), and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm (PSOGA) based Proportional plus Integral (PI) controllers. Grid voltage, grid current, grid power, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid currents were analyzed. The performance of the 15-level asymmetric inverter was evaluated by comparing the THD of the grid current and the efficiency of the grid-connected photovoltaic system.

Assessment of high-gain quadratic boost converter with hybrid-based maximum power point tracking technique for solar photovoltaic systems

Abstract Solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules have a low output voltage and are load-dependent. Therefore, it is critical that the SPV system has an adequate DC–DC converter to regulate and improve the output voltage to get maximum output voltage. To meet load requirements, the voltage must be increased, necessitating the use of energy-efficient power electronic converters. The performance of an SPV system coupled to a high-gain quadratic boost converter (HG-QBC) with a load is investigated in this paper. The suggested HG-QBC for the SPV system at a lower value of duty ratio provides high voltage gain with a boost factor of four times. An analytical comparison is carried out with the various existing boost converters in terms of the components and the boost factor. The issue of locating the maximum power generation point from the SPV system is crucial. As a result, choosing an appropriate maximum power point tracker (MPPT)-based technique to obtain the peak power output of the SPV system under the rapidly varying atmospheric conditions is vital. To determine the highest output power of an SPV system, a hybrid-based MPPT with a neural network assisted by a perturb and observe (P&O) technique is proposed. For the HG-QBC, a comparison of the proposed MPPT with a traditional P&O-based MPPT is illustrated. The comparative analysis takes into account rise time, settling time and voltage ripples. The output voltage and power characteristics of the proposed model are analysed under constant and varying irradiation conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®. The results of a hybrid-based MPPT show that the oscillations are minimum at the maximum power point with fewer ripples of 0.20% and a settling time of 1.2 s in comparison with the other two techniques.

Adjoint least mean square control for solar photovoltaic array grid‐connected energy generating system

This study deals with a new control for a double-stage grid-integrated solar photovoltaic array (SPVA)-based energy generation system, which is based on adjoint least mean square (ALMS) control. This ALMS control algorithm has some new features: (1) it provides a fast rate of convergence, (2) harmonics mitigation ability, and (3) ease of implementation. The solar PV energy generating system includes a DC–DC boost converter, a voltage source converter (VSC), a ripple filter, a three-phase grid, and local non-linear loads. The VSC is controlled for feeding the active power from the solar array to the grid and three-phase non-linear loads. Moreover, VSC control is used to improve the grid current quality. A DC–DC boost converter is coupled between the photovoltaic array and the DC-link capacitor, which tracks the maximum SPVA power from the SPV array by using perturb & observe algorithm. Here, the main goals of SPVA generating system are to eradicate power quality problems caused by unbalanced and non-linear loads and to provide sinusoidal grid currents at solar PV array irradiance variation. Moreover, a comparison of ALMS control is made with other control algorithms. Performance of this ALMS control is studied at varying non-linear loads and under different environmental conditions on a developed prototype in the laboratory. The simulated results of the system are validated with test results. Detailed behaviour of the grid-integrated SPV system and harmonics spectrum of grid currents are given here while meeting the IEEE 519 Standard.

Adaptive Control Scheme for Grid Tied SPV System with DSTATCOM Capabilities: Review

This study provides an adaptive control approach of VSC (voltage source converter) coupled with SPV (solar photovoltaic array), in a 3P3W (three-phase three-wire) system with three single-phase non-linear loads having Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) abilities using P and O (perturb & observe) methodology. The adaptive control technique converges quickly and has a low mean square error. For the correction of power factor and zero voltage regulation modes, the system is studied and simulated. The system’s great efficacy at high voltages is due to its one-stage structure. Grid current harmonics are significantly below the IEEE-519 norm. The suggested system is modeled and simulated with the available sim power system toolbox in MATLAB/Simulink, and the system’s behavior under different loads and environmental circumstances is confirmed.

Design and Analysis of Grid Interfaced 43-Level CHB Multilevel Converter for Integrating 10 MW Solar PV Plant

Megawatt solar plants are the reality now with nations looking for GW installed capacity. This high power is possible because of increased power levels in photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems. The multilevel converter (MLC) is the emerging technology for interfacing medium and higher voltage grids. This paper gives the design and analysis of transformerless grid interfaced single-stage 43-level Cascaded H-bridge (CHB)-based MLC for integrating large-scale solar PV plants with improved Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Transformerless integration and reduced filter size, due to improved THD, contribute appreciable savings in the Capital Expenditure and Operation and Maintenance cost of the big solar PV plant. This paper also showcases the design-based strategy for deciding the levels used in the MLC, making it both efficient and economical. The control scheme comprises voltage-oriented control (VOC) with synchronous reference frame (SRF) and phase-locked loop (PLL). The low-frequency phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) suitable for the cascaded MLC is used for modulation. The separate incremental conductance (InC) algorithm is used for the extraction of maximum power from each solar PV array. This algorithm takes care of the unforeseen insolation level changes, shading effect, ambient temperature, and other related factors of the multi-string SPV system. The simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink and validated on an OPAL RT simulator. Both steady-state and dynamic behaviors at different insolation levels of the considered system are studied. The performance is validated as per the IEEE-519 standard requirement. Decent decrease in THD of grid current is observed with low switching losses.

MPPT P & O Algorithm for SPV System With Resonant Converter

MPPT P & O Algorithm for SPV System With Resonant Converter

Design and Modelling of PV Power Plant for Rural Electrification in Kayonza, Rwanda

Aims: This study aimed to design and model an off-grid SPV power plant with a storage system to meet the load required in Rwisirabo village.
 Study Design: PV modules, inverter, charge controller, and Batteries have been designed, reproduced/simulated, and optimized for the rural area of Rwisirabo village in Kayonza district, Eastern Province, Rwanda.
 Place and Duration of Study: The experiment has been done in the University of Rwanda/ African Centre of Excellence in Energy Studies for Sustainable Development (UR/ACE-ESD) High E-Tech Smart Grid Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda between October 2020 and February 2021.
 Methodology: Different methodologies have been applied to address the objective of this work. The site was identified, problems of the community were clearly stated, data required for the work was collected through various data collection mechanisms, and different literature was reviewed to identify the way to do this work. The data were collected from different sources and were analysed using a software tool (HOMER software) and simulated for getting a solution for the problems and challenged accordingly. An Off-grid Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant was established in Rwisirabo village in Kayonza District, Rwanda. This site has been chosen because, in the Mwiri sector, Kageyo cellule in Rwisirabo (Rwisirabo II) village is listed by National Electrification Plan (NEP) as the site to construct an off-grid solar PV Power Plant.
 Results: Based on the load assessment and the design of the SPV system, the primary AC load of the village was 551,718 kWh/day with a peak load of 85.10 kW, the deferrable load was about 9.99 kWh/day and a deferrable peak load of 2.00 kW with the cost of energy (COE) $0.200/kWh were involved during optimization of the power plant. It also found that the peak demand of the community occurs from 18:00 to 20:00 hours because most of the household members would expect to be at their homes. The system items such as PV module, batteries, and inverter size have been found as an optimum system with 220 kW, 860 BAE PVS 210 batteries, and 110 kW respectively with a lifespan of 25 years of the project. The total net present cost (NPC), initial capital, operating cost, and Levelized COE for this off-grid SPV system were $903,829, $517,000, $17,522, and $0.200/kWh respectively. The monthly results of power generation in kW obtained after stimulation with software showed that the solar radiation is high in March, July, August, and September which brings more electric power generation. However, all months the power electricity remain generated. Results from simulation showed that this system generated mean power output of 220 kW and total production of 297,291 kWh/year. It approved that the system converter contributed the lowest NPC with $52,888.25 (6%), followed by PV modules that cost $244,284.28 (27%) and battery bank the first for this SPV system with a cost of $606,656.60 (67%). This optimal system uses 100% renewable energy.
 Conclusion: It found that the implementation of an SPV system with battery storage in residential, commercial, and institutions in the area where the solar irradiance is concentrated across a country will reduce the cost of electricity and power interruption on the national grid. Therefore, further work is needed to optimize this system for rural electrification as well by integrating with other renewable sources available in the country and also extend the electrification to another area that is detached from the national grid.

MF_CSA AI based Controlling Technique for Single Phase Converter Output Enhancement at Different Loading Conditions

Renewable and sustainable sources such as SPV systems and WT energy conversion systems are now seen as a promising and growing alternative energy source in view of global emissions and deterioration of the FP. the main objective of the study designing of a solar PV system with varying irradiation in MATLAB/SIMULINK and enhance its output capacity before its integration with the grid. Also, the system has to be made to drive an unbalanced load and dynamic load so that it is capable of handling the change in the power demand of the system. And to design a suitable controller for the multilevel power converter such that it produces better output results than the traditional converter. AI technique has to be incorporated in the converter designing. This work provides a comprehensive design and implementation of power regulatory per phase inverter with proposed MF-CSA (Multi-Function Crow Search Algorithm) optimization controller. The Inverter has been provided with a proposed optimization technique while integrating it with the grid. The voltage output of the system from the modeled solar system with varying irradiation and temperature control is being fed to the inverter for DC to AC conversion

Solar PV Tree: Shade-Free Design and Cost Analysis Considering Indian Scenario

In this paper, the performance and the cost-effectiveness of a solar PV tree for supplying the energy demand of a flood lighting system at a basketball court in the School of Engineering and Technology, Christ (Deemed to be University) at Bangalore, India, are analyzed. Also, the energy demand of a flood lighting system for year 2017 is estimated (16 kWh/day), and the design of 4 individual trees of 1 kWp each is proposed, which saves around 40 sq.m area of land near to the basketball court. The experimental data was collected from June 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019, using a data acquisition system and processed to calculate the monthly cost of energy produced by each tree. In order to reduce the complexity in design and allow it to be shade-free, all the panels of a tree were oriented at the same azimuth angle. Based on technical and economical assessments with respect to rooftop systems, the solar PV tree presented reasonable results and could be a future adoptable technology for high population density areas, as well as for remote applications. Later, the adoptability of the proposed solar PV tree was simulated for 2 kWp, considering the climatic conditions of 2020, for different rural and urban locations of India. From the techno-economic-environmental analysis, it is highlighted that the annual energy yield is more with the solar PV tree model than with a land-mounted SPV system. The cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction are also higher with the proposed oak tree-based solar PV tree in urban areas than in rural areas recommending it for practical applications.