Scope Of Spread Research Articles

The impact of the marginal utility behavior on single-layer networks with limited contact

The information propagation on the social network has been an important research topic, with a focus on the significant influence of individual behaviors. The marginal utility behavior can affect the process of information propagation. But most previous research ignore it. Besides, the process can also be influenced by limited-contact capacity, which increase the complexity of networks. In this paper, the marginal utility behavior model on the single-layer network with limited-contact capacity is proposed first. Then the edge-based compartmental (EBC) method is used to explore the novel information propagation mechanism. Through experiments, it was found that when individuals show an increasing marginal utility behavior, with the propagation probability increasing, the final spreading scope shows a discontinuous increase pattern by weakening behavior. However, the final spreading scope shows no outbreak by strengthening behavior. In contrast, when individuals show a diminishing marginal utility behavior, with the propagation probability increasing, the final spreading scope shows a continuous increase pattern by strengthening. Nevertheless, the final spreading scope shows a discontinuous increasing by weakening. What’s more, the limited-contact capacity and the degree distribution heterogeneity can also change the information propagation pattern. Besides, the experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical results.

Novel propagation phenomena: behaviors of local trend imitation on multiple limited contact networks

The local trend imitation(LTI) feature behavior has been deeply studied on specific complex networks, but it still needs to be explored in more scenarios. In fact, the multiple networks with individual limited contact feature is more in line with the real scenario. On the multiple limited networks, a novel model is proposed to investigate the effects of individual contact capacity heterogeneity. Then,information propagation mechanism is then measured and examined using a developed partition theory. The experimental results show crossover occurrences of phase transition. In the new network model, the final spreading scope exhibits a second-order continuous growth when individuals display a positive LTI behavior. Individuals have a passive LTI behavior, however, the final spreading scope exhibits a first-order discontinuous growth. Besides, a greatest ultimate spreading size appears at an ideal LTI parameter with the unit spreading probability changing. Additionally, individual contact capacity heterogeneity changes the rate of information spreading and the global adoption pattern. Eventually the outcomes of the theoretic analysis match those of the simulations.

Behavioral Propagation Based on Passionate Psychology on Single Networks with Limited Contact.

Passionate psychology behavior is a common behavior in everyday society but has been rarely studied on complex networks; so, it needs to be explored in more scenarios. In fact, the limited contact feature network will be closer to the real scene. In this paper, we study the influence of sensitive behavior and the heterogeneity of individual contact ability in a single-layer limited-contact network, and propose a single-layer model with limited contact that includes passionate psychology behaviors. Then, a generalized edge partition theory is used to study the information propagation mechanism of the model. Experimental results show that a cross-phase transition occurs. In this model, when individuals display positive passionate psychology behaviors, the final spreading scope will show a second-order continuous increase. When the individual exhibits negative sensitive behavior, the final spreading scope will show a first-order discontinuous increase In addition, heterogeneity in individuals' limited contact capabilities alters the speed of information propagation and the pattern of global adoption. Eventually, the outcomes of the theoretic analysis match those of the simulations.

Locating the Principal Sectors for Carbon Emission Reduction on the Global Supply Chains by the Methods of Complex Network and Susceptible–Infective Model

How to locate the reasonable targets for carbon emission reduction in the complex global supply chain remains a big challenge for policy makers. This paper proposed a novel framework for finding more accurate carbon emission reduction targets, combining multi-regional input-output analysis, complex network approach and an improved susceptible–infective model called the influence spreading model. The results showed that the global embodied carbon emission flow network had the characteristic of being significantly scale-free, and there were a few important industrial sectors in the network with different capabilities, including strength-out, closeness-out, betweenness and clustering coefficient. The simulation results of the influence spreading process showed that the effective infection thresholds were relatively low, which were between 0 and 0.005 due to the significant scale-free characteristic of the global embodied carbon emission flow network. With the change of the infection thresholds, the proportion of the infected sectors significantly decreased from about 0.95 to 0.10 on average, and spread time also decreased from about three rounds to about eight rounds. In the aspects of the spreading scope and spreading speed, the industrial sectors with high closeness-out and betweenness had better performance than the ones with high strength-out. This indicated that the spreading capabilities of industrial sectors which exported significant carbon emissions, such as petroleum, chemicals and non-metallic mineral products in China, were commonly weaker than industrial sectors which occupied the most important positions in the entire supply chain, such as transport equipment in Germany. Hence, the industrial sectors with high global spreading capability and media capability were important for global carbon emission reduction. Such information suggested that the policies for carbon emission reduction should be made based on a global perspective of the supply chain system. This work proved that the policies for carbon emission reduction should be based on a global perspective of supply chain system.

Influence of Polymer Viscoelasticity on Microscopic Remaining Oil Production.

To investigate the impact of polymer viscoelasticity on microscopic remaining oil production, this study used microscopic oil displacement visualisation technology, numerical simulations in PolyFlow software, and core seepage experiments to study the viscoelasticity of polymers and their elastic effects in porous media. We analysed the forces affecting the microscopic remaining oil in different directions, and the influence of polymer viscoelasticity on the displacement efficiency of microscopic remaining oil. The results demonstrated that the greater the viscosity of the polymer, the greater the deformation and the higher the elasticity proportion. In addition, during the creep recovery experiment at low speed, the polymer solution was mainly viscous, while at high speed it was mainly elastic. When the polymer viscosity reached 125 mPa·s, the core effective permeability reached 100 × 10−3 μm2, and the equivalent shear rate exceeded 1000 s−1, the polymer exhibited an elastic effect in the porous medium and the viscosity curve displayed an ‘upward’ phenomenon. Moreover, the difference in the normal deviatoric stress and horizontal stress acting on the microscopic remaining oil increased exponentially as the viscosity of the polymer increased. The greater the viscosity of the polymer, the greater the remaining oil deformation. During the microscopic visualisation flooding experiment, the viscosity of the polymer, the scope of the mainstream line, and the recovery factor all increased. The scope of spread in the shunt line area significantly increased, but the recovery factor was significantly lower than that in the mainstream line. The amount of remaining oil in the unaffected microscopic area also decreased.

Modelling cascade dynamics of passenger flow congestion in urban rail transit network induced by train delay

A research into congestion propagation mechanism of urban rail transit passenger flow in train delay scenario is of great significance to the formulation of coordinated limitation measures of passenger flow among the operation lines in urban rail transit networks. This paper presents a methodology for modelling cascade dynamics of passenger flow congestion. In this method, firstly, a computing method of network passenger flow states based on load entropy is proposed to describe the overall load conditions of passenger flow in the network. Secondly, a rail transit network is developed and the computation formulas of load and capacity of nodes have been established combining with a comprehensive consideration of nodes’ topological passenger flow attributes. Thirdly, Trip Betweenness Centrality of nodes is proposed and calculated. Considering the function of rail transit line capacity and load distribution strategy, the passenger flow congestion in train delay scenario is established to calculate cascade dynamics of congestion and the state transition of urban rail transit network. A real case study on Beijing Metro Line 10 is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the load values of nodes and the distances from the initial failure nodes can be determined for the spreading scope of passenger flow congestion in disrupted metro line and adjacent metro lines.

The Public Opinion Evolution under Group Interaction in Different Information Features

Before expressing opinions, most people usually consider the standpoint of their friends nearby to avoid being isolated, which may lead to the herding effect. The words of celebrities in social networks usually attract public attention and affect the opinion evolution in the entire network. This process also causes the similar status quo. In this study, we find that the key figures play the guiding roles in public opinions who undertake the group pressure from information amount. Therefore, we build the cost function on opinion changes to study opinion evolution rules for public persons based on the spreading scope of information and information amount. Simulation analysis reveals that the information amount held by agents will affect the converging speed of public opinions, while enhancing the ability of key nodes may no more effective in guiding public opinion.

Experimental investigation of water flooding characteristics and residual oil distribution in filled attic caves reservoir

Attic karst cave is one of the most common fractured-vuggy structure in Tahe oilfield. In this study, a typical attic-shaped cave was extracted from the geological section of Tahe Oilfield. Under the guidance of similarity criteria, physical experiment models of attic karst cave reservoir filled with oil-wet and water-wet filling medium were designed and fabricated using coated resin sand and cemented quartz sand. Water flooding experiments at different injection rates were carried out using the attic karst cave model filled with filling medium of various wettability. The water flooding characteristics and distribution law of residual oil in the different models were determined by analyzing oil displacement performances and the dynamic production curves. Results showed that when the filling medium is water-wet, water injection rate has a trivial impact on the residual oil distribution pattern. While for the oil-wet media filled situations, the lower the injection rate, the lower the swept area. However, at high injection rates, the spread scope is large but the displacement efficiency remains relatively low. In addition, it was noted that the difference in the wettability of the filling medium caused a difference in the location of the residual oil.

Turing instability induced by complex networks in a reaction–diffusion information propagation model

The dynamics of rumor spreading in the information environment is a valuable way to study information management and public opinion monitoring. In this paper, the spreading of rumors and the behavior of crowd diffusion on network structure are studied by establishing a Suspicious-Infected (SI) reaction–diffusion model of rumor spreading with Allee effect. Especially, the necessary conditions for Turing pattern to appear in space are studied. Then, Monte Carlo simulation was used to prove the validity of the model. Furthermore, extensive numerical evaluation of the system is carried out under different networks, whose results show that the diffusion coefficient can change the patterns significantly. Then, on the lattice network and the cellular network, the spatial instability will cause the same pattern type, while the density distributions of S and I are no longer consistent on WS networks and BA networks. In addition, the change of the network structure and the introduction of the periodicity of diffusion coefficient will make the instability of the original system disappear in space. These works have certain guiding value to the prediction of rumor spreading scope.

MCR Expression Conferring Varied Fitness Costs on Host Bacteria and Affecting Bacteria Virulence.

Since the first report of the plasmid-mediated, colistin-resistant gene, mcr-1, nine mcr genes and their subvariants have been identified. The spreading scope of mcr-1~10 varies greatly, suggesting that mcr-1~10 may have different evolutionary advantages. Depending on MCR family phylogeny, mcr-6 is highly similar to mcr-1 and -2, and mcr-7~10 are highly similar to mcr-3 and -4. We compared the expression effects of MCR-1~5 on bacteria of common physiological background. The MCR-1-expressing strain showed better growth than did MCR-2~5-expressing strains in the presence of colistin. LIVE/DEAD staining analysis revealed that MCR-3~5 expression exerted more severe fitness burdens on bacteria than did MCR-1 and -2. Bacteria expressing MCRs except MCR-2 showed enhanced virulence with increased epithelial penetration ability determined by trans-well model (p < 0.05). Enhanced virulence was also observed in the Galleria mellonella model, which may have resulted from bacterial membrane damage and different levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release due to MCR expression. Collectively, MCR-1-expressing strain showed the best survival advantage of MCR-1~5-expressing strains, which may partly explain the worldwide distribution of mcr-1. Our results suggested that MCR expression may cause increased bacterial virulence, which is alarming, and further attention will be needed to focus on the control of infectious diseases caused by mcr-carrying pathogens.

Network analysis of population flow among major cities and its influence on COVID-19 transmission in China

Large-scale and diffuse population flow amplifies the localized COVID-19 outbreak into a widespread pandemic. Network analysis provides a new methodology to uncover the topology and evolution of the population flow and understand its influence on the early dynamics of COVID-19 transmission. In this paper, we simulated 42 transmission scenarios to show the distribution of the COVID-19 outbreak across China. We predicted some original (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen) had higher total aggregate population outflows than Wuhan, indicating larger spread scopes and faster growth rates of COVID-19 outbreak. We built an importation risk model to identify some major cities (Dongguan and Foshan) with the highest total importation risk values and the highest standard deviations, indicating the core transmission chains (Dongguan-Shenzhen, Foshan-Guangzhou). We built the population flow networks to analyze their Spatio-temporal characteristics and identify the influential sub-groups and spreaders. By removing different influential spreaders, we identified Guangzhou can most influence the network's topological characteristics, and some major cities' degree centrality was significantly decreased. Our findings quantified the effectiveness of travel restrictions on delaying the epidemic growth and limiting the spread scope of COVID-19 in China, which helped better derive the geographical COVID-19 transmission related to population flow networks' structural features.

Identifying influential spreaders in complex networks using neighbourhood coreness and path diversity

The k-shell decomposition method dividing a great deal of nodes with different propagation capabilities into the same k-shell layer is unable to identify the influential spreaders accurately. Previous works improving the k-shell centrality were promising but inadequate, due to local neighbourhood and spreading dynamics of information. To solve this problem, the path diversity based on information entropy is proposed. We have investigated the spreading dynamics using susceptible-infected model and independent cascade model to reveal the behaviour of influential spreaders on the basis of topological location and neighbourhood information. Accordingly, a novel neighbourhood coreness method using path diversity to identify the influential spreaders from the point of information dissemination is proposed in this work. The simulation is evaluated with two real network datasets. The experimental results show that the neighbourhood coreness centrality with the spreading diversity is capable of identifying the influential spreaders more effectively and rank the spreading influence in a more fine-grained level. The nodes found by our method can produce a wider spreading scope in independent cascade model and can take less time to achieve the saturation point in susceptible-infected model.

Entropy based flow transfer for influence dissemination in networks

This paper advances the use of entropy based centrality measure to locate authoritative spreaders in complex networks. The random Markov chain epidemiological aspect signifies to estimate nodes spreading power by summarizing the effect of influence transfer originated from the node in a completely susceptible network. The proposed method exploits entropy of influence path transfer from a node to its local network to determine its expected local scope of spread. It further facilitates community feature of neighboring nodes to a central node to appraise spreading outlook in global range. We exploit entropy estimation of spread and community feature of nodes to define a novel centrality measure for influence dissemination. We consider SI and SIR model for validating the performance of proposed method. The empirical experiments are implemented on real networks and results establish that influence disseminator detected by proposed method are dominantly more central than various benchmarks.

Obesity and overweight among children, diagnostic criteria and statistics of prevalence

Objective: to conduct an analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and modern recommendations regarding the criteria for diagnosing overweight and obesity in children, international and national statistical databaseson the prevalence of overweight among children,legalactson the diagnosis of obesity and the detection of overweight in children in Ukraine.&#x0D; Methods. bibliosemantic, epidemiological, contentanalysis.&#x0D; Results. The international statistical data bases,results of the cross-national studies of WHO, current recommendations and strategies of prevention of obesity of children have been studied. According to the data of the official branch statistics the current scope of spreading of obesity among children’s population of Ukraine. The analysis of the normative documents regulating the order of organization and main components of the obligatory preventive medical examinations of children in Ukraine, the scheme of their periodicity, criteria of evaluation of physical development of children and record of results of medical examination of a child with evaluation of his/ her physical condition have been conducted. Figured out the disadvantages of the existing system of prevention of obesity of children: discrepancies between branchstandardsthatregulateapproachestotheevaluationofharmonyofphysicaldevelopmentofachildanddocumentsthatregulatestoringofresultsofthepreventivemedicalexaminations of children which is the reason for absence of statistics of obesity of children in Ukraine; lowlevel of diagnostics of obesity of children and identification of the excessbody weight that is conditioned by the lowlevel of knowledge a mongprimary medical caredoctors, providing medical careto children,of indicators of excess body weight of children.&#x0D; Conclusions. A conceptual solution to this problem can be achieved by organizing a continuous, systematic process of detection and registration of children with overweight and obesity, analysis of the environment where the child is from the standpoint of social characteristics and behavioral characteristics.

The effect of injection pressure on the microscopic migration characteristics by CO2 flooding in heavy oil reservoirs

ABSTRACT In heavy oil reservoir, the variations of injection pressures induce asphaltene precipitation by CO2 flooding, which causes a reduction in recovery. This paper investigated the microscopic migration characteristics by CO2 flooding at different injection pressures. The results showed that the migration was unobstructed, whereas the spread scope was relatively small at 2 MPa. In case of 8 MPa, there was a mixed area of oil-gas and precipitated asphaltene. A large number of asphaltene precipitations appeared, which inhibited the migration of CO2 at 10 MPa. Additionally, the maximum recovery under 8 MPa was 58.2%, followed by 10 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively.

Topic Influence Analysis Based on User Intimacy and Social Circle Difference

Analyzing topical user influence in online social networks is conducive to better advertisement injection, information dissemination, and user behavior analysis. In this paper, we propose a new approach to measure topical user influence in online social networks. Specifically, by comprehensively considering users' social relationships, posting and forwarding behaviors, and posts content, we define two metrics of user intimacy and social circle difference to measure how influential users rank on different topics. The dataset obtained from Sina Weibo is utilized to evaluate the effects of our proposed approach and several comparison methods. Specifically, the advantages of our approach are evaluated from several aspects, including the correlations between influence rankings on different topics, the spread ability of high influential users, and the spread balance of high influential users. The extensive experimental results show that our approach is superior in mining influential users on different topics. Specifically, in our approach, the user influence rankings on different topics are less correlated, the users with high influence rankings achieve higher spread scope, and the higher a user's influence ranking, the more evenly the user's posts being spread among different communities.

Cross-network dissemination model of public opinion in coupled networks

In a coupled network system, information can be sourced and disseminated in many ways. In this study, we investigate the diffusion effect of information in a coupled social network environment, using two new node states to augment information dissemination. Using an improved SIR model, this paper posits that a coupled network comprises two categories of nodes, independent spreaders and cross-network spreaders, which participate in the process of information spreading. The independent spreaders act as a source for information, leading to a higher spreading probability and a wider spreading scope. The cross-network spreaders transfer the spreading onto another network. Our simulation result using synthetic data suggests that the environment of the coupled social network affects the diffusion of information and information diffusion has a prolonged relaxation time due to these nodes. Further, we analyze the data collected from Weibo and WeChat of an actual news event to visualize the information spread process in the cross-network dissemination case of public opinion, and show that our improved SIR model provides a good fit to explain the data.

Roles of the spreading scope and effectiveness in spreading dynamics on multiplex networks

Comparing with single networks, the multiplex networks bring two main effects on the spreading process among individuals. First, the pathogen or information can be transmitted to more individuals through different layers at one time, which enlarges the spreading scope. Second, through different layers, an individual can also transmit the pathogen or information to the same individuals more than once at one time, which makes the spreading more effective. To understand the different roles of the spreading scope and effectiveness, we propose an epidemic model on multiplex networks with link overlapping, where the spreading effectiveness of each interaction as well as the variety of channels (spreading scope) can be controlled by the number of overlapping links. We find that for Poisson degree distribution, increasing the epidemic scope (the first effect) is more efficient than enhancing epidemic probability (the second effect) to facilitate the spreading process. However, for power-law degree distribution, the effects of the two factors on the spreading dynamics become complicated. Enhancing epidemic probability makes pathogen or rumor easier to outbreak in a finite system. But after that increasing epidemic scopes is still more effective for a wide spreading. Theoretical results along with reasonable explanation for these phenomena are all given in this paper, which indicates that the epidemic scope could play an important role in the spreading dynamics.

The Effects of Interferon and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatite C

The chronic hepatitis C is a frequently problem in worldwide, the number of infected individuals is high and go on, getting a public health problem [1]. In Romania there are nearly 1 million persons infected with hepatitis C virus, the scope of spreading is related with specific risk factors. An important number of infection with hepatitis C virus present simultaneous extrahepatic manifestations proved to be alone manifestation tracing; its important for diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed the effects of interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C in General C.F. Hospital Sibiu, between 2008 � 2012. The association between infection with hepatitis C virus and extrahepatic manifestations is important to be recognized for adequate diagnosis tests. By comparing the results of therapy in patients with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, the study found that 30 patients (58.83 %) with liver manifestations had an incomplete response versus 10 patients (26.32 %) with extrahepatic manifestations; 11 patients (21.54 %) with hepatic manifestations had a complete response versus 3 patients (7.89 %) with extrahepatic manifestations; and 10 patients (19.63 %) with hepatic manifestations did not respond to treatment versus 25 patients (65.79 %) with extrahepatic manifestations. Analyzing the results of antiviral therapy in patients with hepatic manifestations and those with extrahepatic manifestations, antiviral treatment appears to be more advantageous in cases with only hepatic manifestations.

PREVENTION OF BULLYING EMERGING DUE TO LEARNING DIFFERENCES, APPLYING “LEARNING FOR LIFE” SYSTEM GROUNDED ON SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING (LIHUANIAN COUNTRY CASE)

Necessity, timeliness and significance of thelearning and teaching system “Learning for Life”, grounded on self-directed learning, are actualised by the lack of systematic approach to bullying prevention in Lithuania, lack of prevention of bullying due to learning differences and experience and situation of bullying prevention in the country that has formed in this context. Currently bullying cases are increasingly often spoken of but it has to be acknowledged that interest in this problems is taken more episodically, quite often reacting to resonant bullying cases. This demonstrates that the systemic approach is still missing, that the real scope of spread of bullying, its reasons, consequences have not yet been perceived and this aggravates possibilities to manage the situation. Prevention of bulling arising at school due to learning differences should be based on the learning and teaching system “Learning for Life”, grounded on self-directed learning and acknowledgement of the learner’s learning differences, characteristic to it, and not on the perception of differences as stigmatising shortcoming. In the article by using the method of content analysis, abstraction actualised necessity, timeliness and significance of selfdirected learning framework for the prevention of school bullying of these criteria : links of the system "Learning for Life”with European and national education documents on education; the education system "Learning for Life” interface with methodological approaches; pronciples of the system "Learning for life" as fundamental approaches; the aspects of manifestation of the education system "Learning for life"concept in the educational practice.