Spread Of Knowledge Research Articles

Improving Diagnosis and Management of Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC) in Clinical Practice: An Italian Expert Opinion

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a very common and troublesome gastrointestinal side effect following the use of opioids. Despite existing international guidelines, OIC is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. ECHO OIC is a European project designed to improve the diagnosis and management of OIC at the primary care level. The next phase of the ECHO OIC project is to review and adapt the proposed European pathway at national level, considering the local patient journey and clinical practice. A multidisciplinary group of 12 Italian experts reviewed and discussed the European path and formulated a seven-step guide for the practical management of OIC that is also easily applicable in primary care: 1. When prescribing long-term opioids, the physician should inform the patient of the possibility of the onset of OIC; 2. At opioid prescription, doctors should also prescribe a treatment for constipation, preferably macrogol or stimulant laxatives; 3. The patient should be evaluated for OIC within the second week of initiating opioid treatment, by clinical history and Rome IV criteria; 4. In the presence of constipation despite laxatives, prescription of a PAMORA (Peripherally Acting Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonist) should be considered; 5. When prescribing a PAMORA, prescribing information should be carefully reviewed, and patients should be accurately instructed for appropriate use; 6. Efficacy and tolerability of the PAMORA should be monitored regularly by Bowel Function Index, considering a cut-off of 30 for the possible step-up of OIC treatment; 7. After 4 weeks of treatment, if the efficacy of PAMORA is deemed inadequate, discontinuation of the PAMORA, addition of an anti-constipation drugs, change of opioid type, or referral to a specialist should be considered. Spreading knowledge about the OIC problem as much as possible to the health community is crucial to obtain not only an early treatment of the condition but also to promote its prevention.

Knowledge and Awareness about Stress Level Perceived by Software Engineers and its Correlation with Gingival Status

Objectives : The objective of this study is to Analyze Stress level perceived and its correlation with gingival status in Information Technology workers and to create an awareness and spread knowledge on the stress level perceived by software engineers and its correlation with Oral Hygiene in general.Methodology : 500 IT professionals were provided with health questionnaires and Gingival index was clinically evaluated and recorded. Statistical analysis done with SPSS Software for log and assessing the data collected.Results : Sample set contained 59.2% male and 40.8% female. The results of the study indicated a mean negative gingival status of 2.51 with a standard deviation of 2.51 compared to the perceived stress level of 1.97 with a standard deviation of 0.507. Conclusion : Age and gingival status could be an important but not the only explanatory factors for perceived stress among the Information technology workers. Perceived stress levels could be high amongst the productive age group of 26 to 45 years which also faces a lot of social expectations and societal obligations.

How the COVID-19 pandemic shaped Canadians' preferences for setting of dying: Comparison of two panel surveys.

The purpose of this article is to assess whether COVID-19 shaped Canadians' preferred settings of dying. We compared data collected using the same survey from two independent but comparable sets of panel respondents, prior to and after the onset of the pandemic. A vignette methodology was used to assess preferences for dying in each of four settings: home, acute/intensive care, palliative care, and long-term residential care. Although preferences for dying at home, in acute/intensive care and palliative care units did not change, preferences for dying in nursing homes significantly declined. In the pandemic's first and second waves, the spread of knowledge about problems of poor care, visitation restrictions, and fears of contagion in Canadian long-term residential care may have shaped public perceptions of and preferences for dying these settings. If this change persists, it may influence advance care planning decisions. That preferences for dying at home did not shift is, however, noteworthy.

Visibility of Russian university journals in the systems of national and international scientific and technical information

Current limitations of access to some international journal platforms and bibliographic systems for Russian researchers result in increased role of national journals for communication and knowledge spreading both at domestic and international levels. Consequently, correct information on Russian journals indexation in various bibliographic systems including underestimated open access databases seems to be topical. The analyzed sample includes journals published by Russian universities as the less studied ones compared to serials published by research institutes. We studied journals published by three types of Russian universities, i.e. Federal, National Research and Basic. Rapid increase in the number of new journals in recent years is demonstrated caused by financial support under different programs. Indexing of journals in Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions and Lens was studied over a period of 2018–2022. In the Dimensions and Lens we also studied the completeness of indexing as these databases index content using other approaches as compared to Web of Science and Scopus. A share of journals indexed by authoritative Russian journal lists Russian Science Citation Index and White List was revealed. The best positions were detected among journals published by National Research universities. However, Basic universities demonstrate positive growth, as well. The obtained results enabled us to conclude that journals published by Russian universities can be regarded as significant strategic information resource for representing Russian research results to international community.

Gerakan Perubahan (Renaissence) Oleh Dinasti Umayyah II (Islam di Andalusia) Terhadap Berkembangnya Intelektual dan Kebudayaan di Eropa

The second period of the Umayyad dynasty, known as the Andalusian Umayyads, had a significant influence on the development of European civilization in the Middle Ages. After the fall of Damascus, this dynasty continued its rule in the Iberian Peninsula with its center in Cordoba. This article aims to analyze the influence of the Umayyad Dynasty II on Europe, especially in the fields of science, art, architecture and cross-cultural relations. The research method used in this article is a literature review, where literature study is a method that involves collecting, evaluating and synthesizing existing literature to answer research questions or understand a particular topic comprehensively. According to Danial and Warsiah, Literary Studies is research carried out by researchers by collecting a number of books and magazines related to research problems and objectives. The findings show that the Umayyad Dynasty in Andalusia not only contributed to the spread of Islamic knowledge, such as astronomy, medicine, and mathematics, but also became a catalyst for the development of science in Europe through intellectual transfer and translation of scientific texts. Apart from that, the architectural style promoted by the Umayyad II Dynasty played a role in the formation of European architectural styles, especially the Gothic and Romanesque styles. Through cultural interactions, the Umayyad II Dynasty introduced irrigation techniques, agriculture, and government systems that inspired European nations. The results of this study underline the importance of the influence of Islamic civilization in Andalusia in the development of European science and culture, which later became the foundation for the Renaissance.

Attitudes and Experiences Among Swedish NICU Nurses Regarding Skin-to-Skin Care of Infants Born at 22-23 Weeks of Gestation.

Skin-to-skin care (SSC) is an evidence-based care method for preterm-born infants. Staff may hesitate to initiate early SSC, the first or second week of life, for the most extremely preterm infants; 1 reason could be nurses' attitudes. The aim was to investigate the attitudes and experiences of neonatal nurses regarding early SSC for the most extremely preterm infants, born at gestational week (GW) 22-23, using an exploratory and descriptive approach. A web-based survey was sent to all nurses across the 6 Swedish units routinely caring for the most extremely preterm infants. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to analyze the data. The response rate was 258 out of 547 (47%). This study reveals a spectrum of attitudes and experiences among nurses, ranging from viewing early SSC as an integral aspect of infant care to deeming it very challenging or simply not feasible. The outcomes are presented in 2 categories, describing both facilitators and challenges associated with early SSC. Noteworthy, facilitators include well-implemented guidelines that support early SSC. Conversely, challenges encompass knowledge gaps and the scarcity of scientific evidence demonstrating the safety of all SSC, including early, for the most extremely preterm infants. This study underscores the importance of spreading knowledge, and has clinical adapted guidelines about the practical aspects of SSC for infants born at 22-23 GW. Future research is required to clarify safety aspects pertaining to SSC for the most extremely preterm infants.

Time is the enemy: The speed of proximity‐based knowledge diffusion

AbstractDoes knowledge spread more quickly when firms are geographically closer? Focusing on knowledge diffusion from multinational enterprises (MNEs) subsidiaries in the context of the US semiconductor industry, our analysis suggests that the broader MNE patents are, in terms of the knowledge sources they draw on, the slower the speed of knowledge diffusion to more spatially proximate firms, compared to more distant ones. Moreover, our findings suggest that this outcome could be attributed to a greater reliance on knowledge sources that are internal to the MNE network or located geographically distant. We provide interpretative cues for these findings and provide policy recommendations in line with our results.

Designing Games for GDPR: Negotiating Understandings of GDPR in EU Schools

In this study we combine a participatory design process with a citizen science framing, to foster a dialogue on GDPR in the school. We focus on the perspective of students, approaching them as co-researchers, in designing and evaluating a series of apps, aimed at spreading knowledge on GDPR. We have created a design space between secondary school students in Denmark and Italy, to gather insights across different countries. Results show that approaching students as designers and testers enabled them to provide honest and concrete insights on their experience with GDPR. We identified a detachment related to their posting activities, caused by how social media platforms (SoMe) challenge the boundaries between their personal and school-related ecologies.

The Impact of the Corona Pandemic on the Revenues and Expenditures of the Jordanian General Government and the Gross domestic Product

The research aimed to know The impact of the Corona pandemic on the revenues and expenditures of the Jordanian general government and the gross domestic product And reached the following results: The Corona Covid-19 pandemic is greater than being limited to a health crisis, it is a humanitarian disaster that led to changes and transformations that attacked the heart of societies and their economies, so it was imperative for countries to work on the continuity of economic activity and the preservation of the wheel of production in the country while limiting the spread of the disease. It led to a complete and total halt to any economic activity, which caused the cancellation of many capital expenditures scheduled in the context of strict measures, as the restrictions imposed on travel and trade resulted in a decrease in revenues and an increase in expenditures, and the Corona pandemic caused an increase in the deficit rate in the state's general budget, as a result of the large expenses incurred by the state, with a clear decrease in annual revenues, but the state was able in the years following the pandemic to reduce the deficit rate in the budget and cancel many capital expenditures and freeze the performance of some economic activities, which is considered a severe blow to the domestic product, considering that revenues and expenditures enable the state to play its role effectively, as the decrease in revenues and the increase in expenditures call for a review of the structure of government institutions and the duties assigned to them The services it provides, which calls for a mix of its services to ensure mitigation of the pandemic and any crisis that the country may be exposed to, which confirms the validity of the first hypothesis and in light of such crises, and practicing that pivotal role that links the actors in the economic sectors, which allows them to be stronger than before, which confirms the validity of the second hypothesis. They recommended the following: Establishing permanent centers for crisis and risk management at the state level and at the level of the various economic sectors, and activating coordination between them to deal with various crises and risks, and developing training programs for workers on how to deal with crises and how to deal with their effects, and appointing experts and specialists to monitor, analyze and prepare reports on the various crises that the various sectors are going through and building a comprehensive database to predict crises before they occur. 10- Strengthening relations between the various governmental, civil and economic sectors with the media institutions due to their importance in spreading awareness and participating in conferences and interviews that help spread knowledge, and the need to benefit from the experiences of other countries in how to overcome crises.

Activism as education in and through the youth climate justice movement

AbstractYoung people worldwide are increasingly participating in a global movement for climate justice, yet to date, little research has examined how youth climate justice activists conceive of and experience activism as education. The present study used in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 16 US climate justice activists (aged 15–17) to address the research question: How do youth climate justice activists explain and experience the educative power of their activism? The results of reflective thematic analysis bring to light youths' dual roles as ‘learners of the movement’ and ‘climate justice educators’. As learners, youth described gaining awareness of climate justice directly from the movement, as well as learning a variety of skills (e.g., organising, communication, conflict resolution) through their activist engagement. Simultaneously, youth described their role as educators through a range of activities intended to raise awareness among adult and youth audiences, including educational workshops and trainings, school visits, teach‐ins, curriculum development, talk shows and interviews, creating digital resources, social media outreach and public protest (e.g., strikes, marches and demonstrations). Beyond spreading knowledge of climate in/justice, youth activists were also educators of action and social change processes—noting that learning about governmental institutions and political processes enabled them to exercise their democratic citizenship and equip and embolden other young people to do the same (e.g., via political advocacy trainings). The findings of the present study have implications for creating climate justice curricula that not only attend to the scientific and technological dimensions of the climate crisis, but also enable learners' justice‐driven action and democratic participation.

Designing Games for GDPR: Negotiating Understandings of GDPR in EU Schools.

In this study we combine a participatory design process with a citizen science framing, to foster a dialogue on GDPR in the school. We focus on the perspective of students, approaching them as co-researchers, in designing and evaluating a series of apps, aimed at spreading knowledge on GDPR. We have created a design space between secondary school students in Denmark and Italy, to gather insights across different countries. Results show that approaching students as designers and testers enabled them to provide honest and concrete insights on their experience with GDPR. We identified a detachment related to their posting activities, caused by how social media platforms (SoMe) challenge the boundaries between their personal and school-related ecologies.

Lo statuto sociale dell’amore nel Settecento: l’emozione ridefinita da mixité, spazi e diritti

The essay investigates the mutation that occurred in people during the Eighteenth century regarding the expectation of love: the change that took place in this field of feeling had the power to influence people’s choices and also to prefigure one’s future in ways that differed from family logic and social devices. The feeling of love was no longer seen as a passion irreconcilable with the social order, but rather as a path to the realisation of a full life thanks to the spread of a culture of sensitivity capable of influencing every field of human experience, spreading into all social strata. A mutation that, rather than being an ‘emotional refuge’, as suggested by William Reddy, stimulated new practices of urban sociability that focused on the co-presence of the two sexes, against the segregation of the past, which helped the spreading of greater knowledge and the releasing of new emotions and a new sensibility between men and women, also encouraging an awareness of the ‘rights’ of the heart.

Children's Heartbeat: A Web-Based Program to Spread Knowledge on Arrhythmias in Children.

Expertise in pediatric arrhythmia management is lacking in most low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). Strategies to disseminate education in pediatric electrophysiology are essential to meet this need. Children's Heartbeat was created to meet the growing demand for pediatric electrophysiologic consultation in LMIC. Children's Heartbeat is a virtual video-conferencing program that uses the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes model to disseminate knowledge about pediatric arrhythmia management from pediatric electrophysiologists to clinicians in medically under-resourced regions worldwide. Monthly virtual case-based sessions are held with pediatric electrophysiologists and clinicians in medically under-resourced settings to discuss pediatric electrophysiology management. Since its inception, Children's Heartbeat viewership has grown exponentially to include 181 total registrants, 64 average monthly participants, and an additional 121 average viewers of recorded sessions. Attendees have expressed increased confidence in pediatric arrhythmia management. Children's Heartbeat has successfully provided pediatric electrophysiology consultation to medically under-resourced regions globally and have increased clinicians' confidence in caring for children with arrhythmias. Future directions include spreading the program to general pediatric and pediatric cardiology trainees and practicing pediatricians in rural parts of high-income countries and evaluating the direct impact of Children's Heartbeat on the management of arrhythmias in pediatric patients in LMIC.

Countering essentialism in psychiatric narratives

ABSTRACT The practice of self-diagnosing, amplified by the spread of psychiatric knowledge through social media, has grown rapidly. Yet, the motivations behind this trend, and, critically, its psychological repercussions remain poorly understood. Self-ascribing a psychiatric label always occurs within a broader narrative context, with narratives serving as essential interpretive tools for understanding oneself and others.In this paper, we identify four principal motivators for people pursuing self-diagnosis, pertaining to 1. waiting time and cost of mental health resources, 2. recognition, 3. identity formation, and 4. destigmatization. We compare these motivators against the backdrops of psychiatric narratives, including DSM-based (operationalism), bio-medical, and Neurodiversity narratives, to evaluate the psychological implications of self-ascriptions. We show that while self-ascription aligns with many motivations, it also carries the risk of essentialism across all analyzed narratives, which can over-simplify and sometimes misrepresent people’s attempts to find meaning through psychiatric labels. Essentialism makes narratives less comprehensive, responsive, and resourceful.We contend that self-ascriptions are not inherently problematic; instead, they show the need for greater focus and understanding in psychiatric practices and the importance of incorporating people’s experiences and perspectives in clinical settings. However, both the narratives and the social climate from which they emerge may need adjustments to make self-ascriptions meaningful, comprehensive, and resourceful tools.

Level of Maturity in Sustainable Innovation Practices: an Application of the Eco-Mi Model in a Red Ceramics Company

Objective: To identify the level of maturity with sustainable innovation practices of a company in the red ceramics segment in the state of Paraíba, according to the concept and application of the Eco-Mi model. Theoretical Framework: The thematic contextualization recalls the concepts of sustainable development, innovation, sustainability and sustainable innovations. In this sense, (BARBIERI et al., 2010) defends the importance of considering the understanding of sustainable innovation practices, fully incorporated into the company's strategic objectives. The better this relationship between sustainable development through sustainable innovation practices and company objectives is defined, the greater the likelihood of success. Method: This is a descriptive and exploratory study conducted in the form of a case study, using a descriptive statistics approach with quantitative data extracted by applying a questionnaire. The type of sampling is defined as non-probabilistic by intentionality. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data. Results and Discussion: The evolution of the level of maturity weighs up quantitative and qualitative aspects, since the author herself, who designed the Eco-Mi Model, warns that there are some limitations, mainly of a qualitative nature due to the participants' self-assessment, since the analysis requires knowledge of strategy, structure, resources and organizational culture. These limitations highlight promising directions for future research and for consolidating the model and spreading knowledge about eco-innovation. Based on the results obtained from the research, it is possible to conclude that it was possible to answer the research problem by showing that, among the 4 dimensions analyzed, the company moves through levels of maturity evolving between scale 2 and 5. The Strategy and Structure dimensions are not satisfactory, and the Resources and Culture dimensions are more satisfactory. In this case, the company needs to review its choices and practices of sustainable innovation, seeking greater homogeneity in the dimensions of the model used. The field of knowledge still offers ample scope for further research and consolidation of the Eco-Mi maturity model. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied to or influence actions in the field of sustainable innovation. These implications can cover the organizational areas of companies in the context of sustainable innovation practices. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature, as the topic of sustainability has incorporated the role of humans as equally responsible as industries, in a way that seeks to balance the relationship between human society (consumption and waste), natural resources, the current mode of production and the socio-economic system. The relevance and value of this research is evidenced by the results of the level of maturity perceived by the four dimensions studied: strategy, structure, resources and culture. The result reflects on the company's performance from the moment it characterizes in detail the levels of maturity according to the Eco-Mi model.

Environmental regulation and energy consumption transition of rural residents: A case of China

With rising global temperatures and complex environmental changes, it has become particularly important to reduce carbon emissions and promote clean energy transition, while energy transition in rural areas is difficult. Environmental regulation, as an important policy enforcement tool, plays an important role in protecting the environment, but its impact and mechanism on the energy consumption transition of rural residents are not clear. In this regard, this paper analyses the impact of environmental regulations on the energy consumption transition of rural residents in 30 provinces in China, using provincial panel data from 2005 to 2021. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Environmental regulation can significantly promote the transition of rural residents' clean energy consumption, and the mechanism of action shows that environmental regulation can influence the transition of rural residents' energy consumption through the spread of environmental knowledge, technological progress, and the enhancement of residents' health awareness. (2) Heterogeneity analyses showed that the results of the impact of environmental regulations on the rural residents' energy consumption transition differ by geographic region, level of energy consumption, and temperature. This paper hopes to provide experiences and insights for effectively promoting energy consumption transition and upgrading and alleviating energy poverty in rural areas of China.

Count Leopold I Berchtold and his contacts with Great Britain as a source of inspiration for his philanthropic activities

This paper deals with the British contacts made by Count Leopold I Berchtold (1759–1809), a prominent philanthropist from the Czech lands, as well as examining how these contacts influenced his activities and the spread of scientific knowledge to the Czech lands and presenting a rather unusual kind of cultural transfer between Britain and the Habsburg Monarchy involving philanthropism and medical science. The paper is based on the analysis of the sources stored in the Moravian Provincial Archive in Brno relating to Leopold’s life as well as on the analysis of some of his writings.

Performances of the e-Nauka Portal in the Republic of Serbia and Its Significance for Researchers

In recent years, digitalization has been recognized as a significant and necessary process that leads to better results, both in the education and in the scientific research. The legal and strategic framework in the Republic of Serbia follows the modern trends of the concept of open science, open knowledge, digital transformation and a unique digital format of scientific production. The Ministry of science, technological development and innovation, in cooperation with the Office for information technology and electronic administration, created the necessary conditions for dynamic the development of the scientific research and innovation system, especially in relation to the digitalization process and the establishment of an information platform, in the form of a unified national information system of scientific research activities: eNauka [eScience]. The concept of eNauka is an innovative tool that improves the efficiency and transparency of scientific processes in Serbia. The eNauka portal in the Republic of Serbia is dedicated to promoting scientific research, innovation and academic achievements within the scientific community of the Republic of Serbia. This portal provides access to scientific articles, research papers and academic publications authored by researchers from Serbia, which enables the spread of knowledge and the encouragement of scientific cooperation within the country. The eNauka portal was opened in full capacity for all active researchers in Serbia on July 3, 2023, and contains data on scientific research organizations in the Republic of Serbia, researchers and their scientific results. The goal of this paper was to bring closer to the academic community the capabilities and performance of the eNauka portal, its structure, the way and importance of data editing, with special reference to issues related to researchers’ profiles and their editing. The paper is methodologically based on a theoretical, preliminary desk analysis of relevant contemporary standpoints in domestic and foreign theory, a normative analysis of current legislative sources, an inductive and deductive approach in researching the operational performance and advantages of the eNauka portal, as well as the quantitative analysis of relevant statistical indicators of relevant parameters regarding the profile that each researcher has on the eNauka portal. The results include the analysis of data related to editing the researcher’s profile and the opportunities offered by the eNauka portal. The conclusion refers to the importance and advantages of the eNauke portal. Finally, it should be noted that one of the key functions of eNauka is the evaluation of scientific results. More precisely, the system provides the possibility of monitoring and evaluating research results, which is of great importance for the academic community.

Geospatialization of Sporothrix spp: spreading knowledge in scientific circles

The Sporothrix fungus exists in different species, S. schenckii, S. americana, S. luriei , S. globosa, S. chilensis, S. pallida and S. brasiliensis . It can be found in soil and putrefactive plant matter, occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. It is observed that infections are the result of the traumatic inoculation of fungal filaments through the skin, affecting humans who have contact with contaminated soil, plants and domestic animals. It is recorded that occurrences of contamination of people with domestic animals have been increasing in Brazil, in the southeast and south regions. The objective was to reflect on research carried out in Brazilian universities, optionally considering doctoral theses studies. State of the Art and Bibliographic methods were used, considering ten years, with a time frame from 2011 to 2020, using two databases, CAPES and BDBTD platforms. For data analysis, statistical analysis was used through ANOVA and geospatialization with the QGIS software, version QGIS-OSGeo4W-3.24.0-2 (18.02.2022). With the results, 49 productions (theses) were retrieved, 18 from the CAPES platform and 31 from the BDBTD platform and analyzed from the perspective of the thematic axes public health, infection and treatment, pharmacology and veterinary sciences. It is concluded that there are records showing the presence of the fungus in the country since the 1980s, and the treatment of the disease caused by the pathogen is possible and dependent on therapy and effective drugs, considering that it is a zoonosis and, therefore, public health issue in some states by mandatory notification.

Using a board game to explain a concept model: Experience from multimodal traffic management

IntroductionIn the near future, traffic has to be managed in new ways to facilitate a more resilient transport system and integration of connected and autonomous vehicles and vessels. This paper presents our experiences with designing and using a serious board game as a tool for spreading knowledge and getting feedback on a concept model for future multimodal traffic management designed to handle these challenges. MethodsOur research has been done within a design science framework, where a table-top board game was the main artefact designed and tested in several quick iterations. The relevance of the board game was evaluated through two workshops where data were collected using a digital questionnaire and through observations and audio recording of the game play sessions. ResultsOne main result is the board game with game elements that can be mapped to the concept model, and a description of how the game evolved through the iterations of design and testing. This can serve as an example for others on how a board game can be developed based on a concept model. In addition, results from the questionnaire show that most of the respondents agree or strongly agree that the board game made central concepts more concrete and understandable and that it triggered good discussions, and this is also supported by the observations and recordings. ConclusionWe conclude that a table-top board game can support the spreading of knowledge from a concept model to stakeholders in the transport domain. A board game suitable for such use can be developed using moderate resources by mapping concepts from the model to the game, using rapid iterations of prototyping and testing, and maintaining a focus on what you want the participants to learn and discuss.