Sport Students Research Articles

Development of Explosive Strength in the Representative High School Volleyball Team

The physical education teacher has the obligation to form the representative team of the school unit to be enrolled in the competition provided in the sports calendar, respectively the National School Sports Olympiad. The aim is to educate all students in sports according to their skills, material basis, sports tradition of the educational unit, in order to lay the foundation for the creating the habit of systematic practice of some sports branches, namely the game of volleyball. Motor skills are absolutely necessary for a total participation of the student in all phases of attack and defense. Among these, the value of the motor quality, force, depends on the degree of training and applied efforts, efforts that must be large enough to lead to the development of the student’s moto qualities. Starting from the knowledge of morpho - functional peculiarities specific to the post-pubertal age, a pattern can be structured to identify the optimal solutions for the development of explosive force by general means but also specific to the game of volleyball. The efficiency and diversification strategies of stimulation and development of explosive force in volleyball play involve valuing the theoretical and practical knowledge and experience of the specialist, whose ultimate goal is to discover and capitalize the motor potential of high school students in order to achieve performance in school competitions.

A comprehensive instrument for evaluating advanced volleyball techniques in sport science students: design, reliability, and validity

Background: The enhancement of sports performance, particularly in volleyball, relies on the use of valid and well-developed measurement tests. Numerous studies have thus developed tests tailored to different skill levels to accurately assess athletes' abilities. However, the existing instruments for measuring volleyball techniques have yet to fully address the needs of advanced levels, especially in assessing technical skills among sports science students at the advanced stage. Purpose: This study aims to develop a comprehensive volleyball skill assessment instrument for advanced-level sports students, focusing on four key techniques: serving, underhand passing, overhand passing, and spiking. The instrument underwent rigorous testing to ensure its validity and reliability, with particular attention to construct validity across different phases and indicators. Methods: The study used a development research design based on the Plomp model, involving 51 male students from the Advanced Volleyball Course at Universitas Negeri Padang. Five expert judges assessed the instrument's feasibility before implementation. The research process included preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment phases. Expert opinions were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire via the Delphi technique. Validity and reliability were analyzed using SPSS version 25, focusing on internal and external validity coefficients and Cronbach's Alpha. Results: The instrument showed high reliability, with Cronbach's Alpha values consistently above 0.87. Construct validity tests confirmed the assessment's validity, with scores indicating a strong correlation between evaluated indicators and overall skill proficiency. Conclusion: The developed instrument is a reliable and valid tool for assessing advanced volleyball skills, offering a standardized method for educators and coaches to evaluate and enhance sports science students' performance. The study highlights the importance of phase-by-phase analysis in skill assessment for more effective volleyball training programs.

Sport students’ experiences of teaching and learning in the United Kingdom: A comparison between further and higher education settings

Few studies have investigated teaching and learning experiences of university sports students which is surprising considering the high annual numbers recruited to sport degree programmes and consequent non-completion rates. This study compared teaching and learning experiences of 350 first-year sport students at a post-92 English University with how they were taught at their further education institutions. Key findings showed the teaching and learning methods at university were less structured and tutor-led but with more teaching staff involved. Practical implications for developing rich modes of university provision that best support the needs and expectations of newly arrived sports students are provided.

Effect of BOTELI practice frequency and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills in sports students: A two-way ANOVA analysis

Introduction. BOTELI is intended to train beginner tennis players in rally groundstrokes. BOTELI is different from a ball-throwing machine Study Aims. 1) To determine the effect of BOTELI practice frequency on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills. 2) To evaluate the effect of BOTELI training and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill. 3) To examine the interaction effect between BOTELI practice frequency and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill. Materials and Methods. The research used an experimental method. The study sample was 48 sports students from Sebelas Maret University in 2024. The data collection involved using the Kem-Vincent rally tests to assess rally skills and a hand dynamometer to measure hand grip strength. The data analysis technique used a 2×2 factorial two-way ANOVA with a significance level of α = 0.05, using SPSS version 26 software for Windows. Results. The results showed that BOTELI practice frequency could improve forehand tennis rally groundstroke skills, with a value of (0.000 < α 0.05) and (F-count = 128.004 > F-table 4.06). Hand grip strength can improve rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills, with a value (0.000 < α 0.05) and (F-count = 83.505 > F-table 4.06). There was an interaction between BOTELI training frequency and hand grip strength in improving rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills, with a value of (0.000 < α 0.05) and (F-count = 9.278 > F-table 4.06). So, improving rally groundstroke forehand Tennis skills was influenced by the BOTELI frequency training and hand grip strength. Conclusions. This study showed that for beginner tennis players, the improvement of rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill can be effectively achieved using the BOTELI method. This method has been proven to be valid and reliable in rapidly improving rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill while providing an efficient, effective, and enjoyable exercise experience.

Organizational predators of disability sports participation of secondary school students with special needs in Ibadan, Nigeria

Active participation of students with disability in adapted sport is dependent on several organizational predators. The purpose of this study is to examine how organizational predators independently and jointly contribute to disability sport participation among secondary school students with special needs in Ibadan, Nigeria. The methodology featured Chain-Referral (snowball) to identify stakeholders, coaches, organizers and teachers involved in organizing disability sport for students with disability and probability sampling technique to choose the schools to be visited. The findings revealed that Strategic planning (ß=0.289, t=2.816, p=0.008), logistics (ß=0.612, t=7.103, p=0.000), interest of coaches (ß=0.536, t=7.795, p=0.000) and knowledge of organizing personnel (ß=0.500, t=7.836, p=0.000) were independently tested significant on disability sport participation while network capacity (ß=0.171, t=1.772, p=0.085), funding sources (ß=0.082, t=1.360, p=0.182) and sport infrastructure (ß=0.111, t=1.948, p=0.059) were not independently tested significant on disability sport participation. Also, there is a composite joint contribution of strategic planning, network capacity, infrastructure, funding, logistics, interest of coaches, and knowledge of organizing personnel on disability sports participation among secondary school students with special needs in Ibadan, Nigeria (F(7,39)=100.210, p=0.00). The result also generated a coefficient multiple regression of R=0.977 and R2 =0.955; implying that about 95.5% of variance was accounted for by the independent variable. Strategic planning, logistics, interest of coaches, and knowledge of organizing personnel individually and collectively showed a positive contribution to disability sport participation, hence, there is a need to consider them on the subject of disability sport participation in schools of individuals with special needs in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Precise instruction and consideration of the vertical and horizontal force component increases validity and reliability of the 90:20 Isometric Posterior Chain Test.

Hamstring injuries are associated with decreased hamstring strength. Matinlauri et al.'s 90:20 Isometric Posterior Chain Test (90:20 IPCT) efficiently assesses hamstring strength, but has not been validated so far. Furthermore, their rather unprecise original instruction allows high variability in test execution. We added a new instruction and variables and examined, whether this measure leads to increased reliability and validity. We assessed hamstring strength of 23 sport students via the 90:20 IPCT under the original instruction, to exert vertical force, and our new instruction, to exert vertical and horizontal force. Instead of only using bare vertical force as variable under the original (Fz_V) and our new instruction (Fz_VH), we also calculated the resultant force (Fres_VH) and the applied torque onto the force place (M_F_ortho_VH). To test for validity, we correlated the outcome variables with peak torque of gold standard dynamometry. Furthermore, we measured muscle activities of the mm. rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gluteus maximus under our new instruction and compared them to those under the original variable (Fz_V) via one sample t-tests. To evaluate reliability, tests were repeated on two separate days, for which we calculated intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CVs). Our new instruction and variables (Fz_VH, Fres_VH, M_F_ortho_VH) showed better validity (mean r = 0.77, r = 0.81, and r = 0.85) and equally good or better reliability (ICCs: 0.87, 0.89, and 0.94; CVs: 4.7%, 4.1%, and 4.7%) than the original instruction and variable (Fz_V) (mean r = 0.70; ICC: 0.91; CV: 5.6%). There were no differences in muscle activities between the variables and instructions of the 90:20 IPCT. We recommend our new instruction and the applied torque onto the force plate as it makes the 90:20 IPCT a more reliable and valid tool to assess hamstring strength.

Reliability of a standardized protocol of the Single Leg Heel Rise Test

The single leg heel rise (SLHR) test is a widely used method for assessing calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU) endurance in various fields, including medicine, sports, and dance. The objectives of this study were to examine the reliability of a standardized SLHR test protocol with a heel rise measurement device and to investigate the relationship between SLHR repetitions, SLHR total work, and both maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and reactive strength index (RSI) outcomes of the plantar flexors. 21 sport students (8 females, 13 males) were assessed for SLHR outcomes (number of repetitions, height of heel rises, total positive work performed) in two data collection sessions, as well as unilateral lower extremity MVIC and RSI. Test-retest reliability showed excellent reliability and low variability for the number of repetitions (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.91, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.97; coefficient of variability (CV): 8.1- 8.7%), height of the heel rises (ICC=0.92, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.97; CV: 4.6 - 5.2%) and total positive work performed (ICC=0.96, 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99; CV: 6.8 - 9.8%) in both feet. No significant correlation was identified between SLHR repetitions, MVIC, and reactive strength outcome measures. A moderate correlation was observed between the total work performed in the SLHR and RSI outcomes that could potentially be explained by the body weight (BW) of the participants. The SLHR test provides reliable measures for lower leg muscular endurance, yet it does not predict plantar flexor maximal strength or reactive strength. In future studies, we advise employing this standardized protocol for screenings of athletes and dancers.

The Positive Impact of Participation in Student Sports Community Activities of Zhangjiajie Aviation College in China on the Mental Health of College Students

This article aims to explore the positive impact of participation in student sports club activities of Zhangjiajie Aviation College in China on the mental health of college students. Through a questionnaire survey, the data of 300 college students were collected, and statistical analysis methods were used to deeply analyze the relationship between the frequency and type of participation in sports community activities and the mental health status of students. The research results show that universities that actively participate in sports community activitiesBorn in emotional stability, social ability, self-awareness and stress coping, etc. have all shown significant positive changes. This article further analyzes the specific mechanisms of these positive effects, and puts forward suggestions to promote students' participation in sports clubs and improve mental health.

Impact of contraction intensity and ankle joint angle on calf muscle fascicle length and pennation angle during isometric and dynamic contractions

During muscle contraction, not only are the fascicles shortening but also the pennation angle changes, which leads to a faster contraction of the muscle than of its fascicles. This phenomenon is called muscle gearing, and it has a direct influence on the force output of the muscle. There are few studies showing pennation angle changes during isometric and concentric contractions for different contraction intensities and muscle lengths. Therefore, the aim was to determine these influences over a wide range of contraction intensities and ankle joint angles for human triceps surae. Additionally, the influence of contraction intensity and ankle joint angle on muscle gearing was evaluated. Ten sport students performed concentric and isometric contractions with intensities between 0 and 90% of the maximum voluntary contraction and ankle joint angles from 50° to 120°. During these contractions, the m. gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis and the m. soleus were recorded via ultrasound imaging. A nonlinear relationship between fascicle length and pennation angle was discovered, which can be described with a quadratic fit for each of the muscles during isometric contraction. A nearly identical relationship was detected during dynamic contraction. The muscle gearing increased almost linearly with contraction intensity and ankle joint angle.

Transitions to university from vocational and academic colleges: exploring alignment and discontinuity

ABSTRACT The rise in students entering higher education in England with vocational qualifications, or a blend of academic and vocational qualifications, has sparked debate about the correlation between qualifications and degree outcomes. Focusing on Sport and Exercise Science students and mobilising Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this paper explores ‘misrecognition’ of the problem alongside intersectional explanations of differential attainment. Students’ concerns about independent study and levels of support, different modes of delivery, and assessment types, exemplify misalignment between their cultural capital and habitus and the tacit demands of the university. Yet these misalignments are not explained merely by the Level 3 qualification they studied. We argue that the institutional culture (habitus) of sixth form colleges is better aligned with universities than is the culture of Further Education colleges. This alignment facilitates a smoother transition and leads to improved degree outcomes. So, it is partly the context in which students study, and not simply the qualification type, that matters. This problem of variable alignment of learning cultures at the transition to university is more relevant that ever given the introduction of T-Levels and the proposed Advanced British Standard.

Knowledge and Attitude of the First Aid Among School Teachers in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review

Aim: Injury poses a serious threat to health as it is the main contributor to early mortality and morbidity as well as the main reasons for the death of adolescents. About one- third time of school children is spent in schools, where they are frequently in danger of accidents and medical issues. First-aid (FA) has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention and management of injuries. Teachers are the bystanders or first responders in case a mishap occurs in schools. It is therefore very crucial for teachers to have sound knowledge of first aid. This systematic review aims to assess the status of knowledge among Saudi Arabia school teachers and for studies to be conducted in future it aims to provide recommendations. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting the systematic review. For the search of relevant studies, the strategy of using text words and MeSH terms was included. The studies included in the review were cross-sectional studies and survey research studies. Studies in government as well as private schools of every level, primary, intermediate, secondary, higher secondary, in any part of Saudi Arabia with more than 100 subjects were included in the systematic review. Studies carried out on populations in school settings apart from teachers, such as sports instructors, helpers, or students were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using “the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for analytic cross-sectional studies”. Results: Twenty-nine studies were incorporated for assessment. Largest number of studies were conducted in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires from previous studies were adapted in seventeen studies. Six studies utilized case-based questionnaires. 11 studies showed high risk of bias. Conclusion: The studies lacked well-developed, standard questionnaires containing uniformity in questions for similar kind of study. Level of knowledge was found to be low or barely adequate in major proportion of the studies

THE RESULTS OF THE COURSE ON MASTERING THE ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE ((WHOQOL-BREF) KAZ)

It is stated that the relevance of the problem studied in this article depends on the result of the course designed to master the analysis of the indicators of future specialists in the formation of QOL ((WHOQOL-BREF) KAZ). According to the WHO, the countries of the world that followed a healthy lifestyle reached 86.9 years of life, 81.5 years for men, and 84.3 years on average. On the contrary, the death rate in the Republic of Kazakhstan in recent years was 29%, 6.77 per 1000 inhabitants. Mortality from diseases of the circulatory system was -32.7%, from cancer -7.9%, from injuries -5.3%.Due to these conditions, as a result of recent measures taken in the country, by 2025, the share of citizens living a healthy lifestyle will increase to 40%, life expectancy will increase to 75 years, non-infectious diseases will decrease to 7%, and medical rehabilitation services will increase to 75%. coverage is expected.It can be noted that the average life expectancy of people in our country is behind that of many countries in the world, and this situation needs to be studied fundamentally and applied in the economic, social and humanitarian direction in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is necessary to find a solution to the problems of understanding the tasks of protecting the health, strengthening the body, and increasing the responsibility for improving and strengthening the health of the population. During the analysis of the results of the training program of the course, its goals and objectives are to improve the introduction and use of the KAZZ scale (WHOQOL-BREF) in the field of sports for students of higher educational institutions of the country and to form a model of the education system and the formation of a healthy lifestyle. to increase the competitiveness of teachers; to provide teachers with the necessary knowledge and methodological skills for effective formation of a healthy lifestyle among students; aimed at forming a model of healthy lifestyle formation among teachers and students of higher educational institutions of the country.

Rotation Type Blended Learning Model for Student Athletes

Sports Education and Training Center is the main program organized by Ministry of Youth and Sports. This program focuses on developing student athletes at the secondary school level in various regions which includes a number of activities and is designed with the aim of improving student sports performance. The dual role of sports and academics that PPLOP student athletes have is a unique combination but has an impact on their learning achievements and is one of the problems that must be solved by schools. This research examines the readiness of schools to implement rotation-based Blended Learning for PPLOP student athletes at SMA Negeri 3 Serang Banten. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results of the research show that: Planning for the implementation of rotation type blended learning for PPLOP student athletes at SMAN 3 Serang Banten, Implementation of rotation type blended learning for PPLOP student athletes at SMAN 3 Serang Banten, Evaluation of the implementation of rotation type blended learning for student athletes at PPLOP

Dietary inflammatory index, physical activity, body composition, and high sensitivity c-reactive protein levels in adolescent athletes in Central Java

Inflammation is the body's response to tissue damage and infection. Prolonged inflammation can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Some factors that can trigger inflammation are dietary patterns, high physical activity, and body composition. This study examined the correlation between dietary inflammatory index (DII), physical activity, body composition, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. It examined differences in characteristics based on gender. This study was a cross-sectional design of 55 adolescent athletes at the Student Sports Education and Training Center in Central Java. The exclusion criteria were an athlete who had a physical injury (did not participate in training) and a smoker. The DII score was calculated based on the dietary pattern using SQFFQ, anthropometric data (weight, height, and nutritional status based on BMI/age), body composition (body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass) using the BIA tool, physical activity data for the last seven days using IPAQ and hs-CRP levels using the FIA method. Our result showed that the DII score was significantly correlated with hs-CRP (p=0.013). There was no correlation between physical activity, body composition, and anthropometry with hs-CRP levels (p0.05). There were differences in body height, body weight, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass between males and females (p0.001). The diet of athletes had anti-inflammatory potential (83.6%), as evidenced by the intake of vitamins and minerals, and athletes had low hs-CRP levels 1 mg/L (85.5%), indicating that no inflammation occurred. Future longitudinal research is needed with a large population of adolescent athletes to explain the role of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets on the incidence of inflammation and measure physical exercise in athletes to reduce inflammatory bias.

Mechanical power distribution of the lower limbs changed during intermittent 300 countermovement jumps.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 300 intermittent countermovement jumps (CMJs) on the mechanical power distribution at the joints of the lower limbs and the influence of the upper body to explain vertical jump performance. Fifteen male sport students (age 24.5 ± 2.3years; body height 1.85 ± 0.06m; body mass 84.8 ± 8.5kg) performed a set of intermittent 300 CMJs at maximal effort. An inverse-dynamic approach was used to calculate the mechanical power at the hip, knee, and ankle joint for each jump. Jump height and mechanical power in the knee and ankle joints decreased significantly (p < .010), while remained the same in the hip joint. In contrast, a significant increased vertical velocity was observed for the upper body segment. In addition, a significant higher angular momentum at the center of mass was detected during the braking and propulsion phase. The findings highlight a fatigue-related decrease in lower limb power, particularly in the knee and ankle joints, which changed the mechanical power distribution at the joints of the lower limbs. The trunk extensor muscles were probably able to counteract the fatigue-related decrease in lower limb power by increased vertical velocity of the upper body segment and higher angular momentum at the center of mass during the braking and propulsion phase. Accordingly, the most effective way to maintain jumping performance in fatigued state would be to improve the fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, ankle plantar flexors, and trunk extensor muscles.

Spiritual Growth and Stress Management of Physical Education Sport and Health Students

The purpose of this research was to identify the spiritual growth and stress management of Physical Education, Health and Recreation students. The method of this research was qualitative. The respondents to this study were students of the Physical Education, Health and Recreation study program at the Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The sampling technique used was quota sampling, which was determined by researchers to include as many as 170 students. The data collection technique was a survey with a questionnaire filled out online. The research instrument used was the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II instrument, which was adjusted to the characteristics of the activities of Physical Education, Health and Recreation students in the sub-questions about spiritual growth and stress management. The research data were processed descriptively and correlatively using Pearson Correlation analysis. The results of the Pearson Correlation test showed a significance value of. 000 &amp;lt; 0.05, so it was stated that the two variables were correlated. Spiritual growth and stress management, with a Pearson Correlation value of.728, have a degree of relationship with a strong correlation. The significance value of.728 is positive, indicating that the relationship between spiritual growth and stress management increases with the assumption that the higher the spiritual growth, the higher the stress management. The conclusion of this study is that the spiritual growth of Physical Education, Health and Recreation students has a positive correlation with stress management. This study contributes to providing recommendations for conducting stress management activities for students.

Survey and analysis of sports injuries among physical education college students

This study employs literature review, questionnaire surveys, interviews, and mathematical statistics to investigate and analyze the occurrence and causes of sports injuries among 346 college students at a physical education institution. The results indicate that there are differences in the probabilities of sports injuries among college students in different sports, and there are also variations in the probabilities of injuries to different body parts. The causes of sports injuries are multifaceted. It is recommended that in future sports training, coaches should further strengthen the protective measures taken for physical education students, and also that students' self-protection awareness and measures need to be improved.

II Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция «Студенческий спорт: инновации, технологии и цифровая трансформация» (Санкт-Петербург, Университет ИТМО, 16–17 мая 2024 года)

The report on the results of the II All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Student Sports: Innovations, Technologies and Digital Transformation”, held at ITMO University from May 16 to 17, 2024 in St. Petersburg, is presented.

II Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция с международным участием «Студенческий спорт в современном мире»

The report on the II All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation “Student sports in the modern world”, held on May 17–18, 2024 on the basis of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, is presented.

Investigation and analysis of ankle injuries among students in basketball sports

This study employs literature review, questionnaire surveys, and statistical analysis to investigate and analyze ankle injuries among students who take basketball as an elective course, exploring the locations, types, causes, and preventive measures of these injuries. The main reasons for ankle injuries in basketball are identified as improper warm-up activities, lack of awareness, poor physical fitness, poor quality of the venue, low technical level, high sports load, and emotional venting under pressure, among others. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance students' awareness of sports, master self-protection methods, reasonably arrange warm-up activities, standardize technical movements, adjust students' psychological emotions, and standardize the use of venue equipment to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries.