Sports Equipment Manufacturing Research Articles

Nike's Marketing Strategy in the Internet Era

With the continuous expansion of the competitive sports market and the continuous increase of market participants, the sports product market in China has formed a chaotic situation. Domestic and foreign sports brands are competing to occupy the market, and large sports equipment manufacturers are using various channels to increase their market share. This paper analyzes the sales environment of Nike in East China and discusses some problems. In particular, that current Nikes brand marketing strategy includes: First, the market positioning of the product is too simple; At the same time,product distribution channels are affected and its easy to find out that the brand management of products is ignore. This paper puts forward the following suggestions on the sales work of Nike in East China: Enriching the market positioning of the company, strengthen the companys brand communication channels and strengthen the brand management of enterprises, which can enhance corporate branding.

Servant Leadership and Knowledge Management; What Leads to Frugal Innovation?

Frugal innovation is an emerging term, and since the last decade, many studies have been focusing on this type of innovation. Therefore, this research has also directed attention towards frugal innovation. First of all, it studied the effect of servant leadership on knowledge management, and then the relationship between knowledge management and frugal innovation was measured. Moreover, the relationship described above was examined by moderating the role of innovation capabilities and technology turbulence. The data were collected from Sports equipment manufacturing companies in China, and to analyze the data, AMOS was used. The results highlighted a positive relationship between servant leadership and knowledge management, and this management has a significant and positive relation with frugal innovation. In addition, the technology turbulence and innovation capabilities can strengthen the relationship between knowledge management and frugal innovation. Despite highlighting the broad areas and developing a comprehensive model, this research has several limitations which are future directions for further studies. This research focused on sports equipment manufacturing companies, and future studies can highlight the perspective of other companies. In addition, entrepreneurial orientation can be considered as mediating variable as it can be affected by knowledge management and affect frugal innovation. The study is the first to link servant leadership with knowledge management which can lead to frugal innovation.

Sports Law, Its Various Issue in Iran and the World

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to study the rights of sports in Iran and the world, its history in Iran. The study of the factors of sports rights in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the world.Methodology: The methodology of this paper is a review study and studying the conditions governing the community as well as reviewing the constitution of Iran and referring to legal texts and sports rights. The scholar has found findings from the 19th century onwards through the review of the fatwa of the Shiite authorities and the examination of the past history of sport and the consideration of the rights of sport in Iran and the world since the 19th century.Findings: Sports rights are one of the branches of law science that examines events in sports. In general, it is possible to say that the purpose of the sporting events is all the crimes committed by athletes, teachers, trainers, spectators and sports event managers, and even sports equipment manufacturers and manufacturers, and the subject matter These incidents can be health and life and property, dignity and dignity and other legal rights of individuals who are in the same range of sports, the quantitative and qualitative scope of the above issues clearly reveals the importance of this field. Conclusion: Today, sport and education with multiple goals of physical and mental self-improvement are considered as integral parts of societies. The need for professional sport is a complex and sometimes risky engagement in sporting activities associated with adverse events and consequences. Meanwhile, the criminal liability of sports events is one of the important issues that are considered during the exercise of sports law.

The Impact of Partnerships and Information Sharing on Corporate Sustainable Performance: A Mediation Model Moderated by Government Support.

Based on the theory of strategic alliances and social networks, this article empirically studies the relationship between partnership, information sharing, and sustainable performance through a questionnaire survey of Chinese sports equipment manufacturers. The findings show that partnerships have a positive impact on sustainable performance; that information sharing plays a role in mediating the relationships between trust, cooperation, and sustainable performance; and that government support can positively impact the effect of partnerships on sustainable performance. Through empirical research, this article proves the mechanism of the impact of partnership on alliance performance, further expands the theoretical basis for enterprises’ establishment of strategic alliances, and has important enlightening significance for enterprises within alliances aiming to rationally use the networks inside and outside their alliances to obtain knowledge and resources and improve their sustainable performance.

Green and Low-Cost Natural Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Carbon Fibers-Processing, Properties, and Applications in Sports Equipment: A Review.

At present, high-performance carbon fibers (CFs) are mainly produced from petroleum-based materials. However, the high costs and environmental problems of the production process prompted the development of new precursors from natural biopolymers. This review focuses on the latest research on the conversion of natural lignocellulosic biomass into precursor fibers and CFs. The influence of the properties, advantages, separation, and extraction of lignin and cellulose (the most abundant natural biopolymers), as well as the spinning process on the final CF performance are detailed. Recent strategies to further improve the quality of such CFs are discussed. The importance and application of CFs in sports equipment manufacturing are briefly summarized. While the large-scale production of CFs from natural lignocellulosic biomass and their applications in sports equipment have not yet been realized, CFs still provide a promising market prospect as green and low-cost materials. Further research is needed to ensure the market entry of lignocellulosic biomass-based CFs.

Fiber Nanocomposite Material Used in College Tennis Training and Preparation Method Thereof

With the continuous progress and development of science and technology, nanotechnology has been more and more widely used. In the textile field, people have adopted the technology of electrostatic spinning to prepare fiber nanocomposites, and have produced high-performance and high-performance nanofiber composites. These materials have brought tremendous changes to the field of sports equipment manufacturing. The tradition used in college tennis training the equipment is gradually replaced by fiber nano-composites with superior performance, and it is favored by college tennis players for its superior performance. The purpose of this article is to solve some problems in the current fiber nanocomposite manufacturing process and to discuss some defects in the application of fiber nanocomposite materials. Test its related properties, and discuss the production process of preparing a variety of nanofibers with different compositions, different structures, and different arrangements. The research results show that tennis balls and rackets made of fiber nanocomposites have a huge breakthrough in performance. The physical resistance of tennis balls and rackets has increased by 42%, chemical stability has increased by 30%, and their weight has been reduced by 25% Very high temperature resistance and stability. The experimental results prove the feasibility of applying nanotechnology to manufacturing sports equipment.

Fiscal, Economic, Health and Cultural Indicators Connected with the Development of Sport

In the last century, sport has gradually shifted from a leisure activity to an economic sector. The implications are numerous, the relations with the economic and social life have developed enormously. The commercial relations that appeared around the sports activities led to the consolidation of some financial flows in relation to the sports equipment manufacturers, the governmental authorities, the written and audio-visual press. Our study assesses the relationship between the level of development of sport at national level and several economic, fiscal, cultural, and public health indicators for European countries. The data required for the estimates are collected from international institutions such as Eurostat, World Bank, World Health Organization, Global Association of International Sports Federations, and national sports institutions from the sampled countries. Bivariate analysis shows more or less strong correlations with the socio-economic indicators considered. However, these results can be altered by possible situations of multicollinearity that can cause confusion. In the multivariate analysis, hierarchical clustering indicates five behavioural types of countries in terms of the relationship between public and professional sport with macroeconomic aggregates.

SARS-CoV-2 viability on sports equipment is limited, and dependent on material composition

The control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK has necessitated restrictions on amateur and professional sports due to the perceived infection risk to competitors, via direct person to person transmission, or possibly via the surfaces of sports equipment. The sharing of sports equipment such as tennis balls was therefore banned by some sport’s governing bodies. We sought to investigate the potential of sporting equipment as transmission vectors of SARS-CoV-2. Ten different types of sporting equipment, including balls from common sports, were inoculated with 40 μl droplets containing clinically relevant concentrations of live SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials were then swabbed at time points relevant to sports (1, 5, 15, 30, 90 min). The amount of live SARS-CoV-2 recovered at each time point was enumerated using viral plaque assays, and viral decay and half-life was estimated through fitting linear models to log transformed data from each material. At one minute, SARS-CoV-2 virus was recovered in only seven of the ten types of equipment with the low dose inoculum, one at five minutes and none at 15 min. Retrievable virus dropped significantly for all materials tested using the high dose inoculum with mean recovery of virus falling to 0.74% at 1 min, 0.39% at 15 min and 0.003% at 90 min. Viral recovery, predicted decay, and half-life varied between materials with porous surfaces limiting virus transmission. This study shows that there is an exponential reduction in SARS-CoV-2 recoverable from a range of sports equipment after a short time period, and virus is less transferrable from materials such as a tennis ball, red cricket ball and cricket glove. Given this rapid loss of viral load and the fact that transmission requires a significant inoculum to be transferred from equipment to the mucous membranes of another individual it seems unlikely that sports equipment is a major cause for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. These findings have important policy implications in the context of the pandemic and may promote other infection control measures in sports to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and urge sports equipment manufacturers to identify surfaces that may or may not be likely to retain transferable virus.

The Output Value Prediction Model of Regional Fitness and Leisure Industry

The fitness and leisure industry is a part of the sports industry. The sports industry is a huge industry group, such as sports equipment manufacturing, sports events, etc. The fitness and leisure industry is an industry that caters to the public with the continuous increase of people's living income. The purpose of this paper is to study the construction and demonstration of the output value forecasting model of the regional fitness and leisure industry. And use the GM model (1, N) to make a gray forecast model for each year's GDP, and judge the rationality of the model by comparing it with the data of previous years. Forecast GDP from 2017 to 2022. By comparing and analyzing the results obtained by the two forecasting methods, it is concluded that the forecasting results of the two forecasting methods have high accuracy, and the fluctuation of the forecast error of the structure value is relatively small. However, the gray system is simpler than regression analysis. The average relative error of the output value prediction of the fitness and leisure industry in the gray system area is 2.104%. It can be seen that the gray system prediction method has great application value in structural prediction.

Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V three-layer material

The paper presents the results of studies on the mechanical behavior under impact and tensile loading of a Ti-6Al-4V three-layer material obtained by diffusion bonding at 800°C. Diffusion bonding is the process that integrates one material with another by pressure at a temperature below the melting points of materials. Diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is particularly interesting for aerospace structures, ballistic armor and sports equipment manufacturing. Predominantly single spherical pores are present in the joint zone; chains of pores are extremely rare. The static mechanical properties of the laminate are at the level of properties of monolithic material. The laminate is characterized by a different fracture resistance depending on the layer orientation relative to the direction of impact load action. The impact strength value of the laminate is minimum in the crack short-transverse orientation due to the lower energy of crack propagation. The energy of crack nucleation in the studied laminate is the same for all studied orientations of crack propagation. The results of the evaluation of the relative value of the impact strength showed that the laminate has the highest fracture resistance for the crack divider orientation. The studied layer orientations relative to the direction of impact load action are characteristic for the real diffusion-bonded structures.

The influence of equipment manufacturing technologies on performance in sports

The study of the equipment used to practice sports as a hobby or performance has become a growing field of applied research. The professional equipment with the sensual comfort properties which it has to fulfill has become more and more a “fashion” accessory; its appearance can have a psychological impact that can influence the outcome of a competition. The paper proposes to analyze the influence of sports equipment manufacturing technologies on performance through a SWOT analysis, establishing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a certain type of equipment. We also propose a case study that has as objectives: the comfort of wearing equipment due to finishing technologies and the visual impact of colors. The results of the study will be processed statistically and the conclusions will be able to provide the necessary data for choosing a particular type of equipment that will lead to high performance results.

Unlocking innovation in the sport industry through additive manufacturing

PurposeFast-changing customer demands and rising requirements in product performance constantly challenge sports equipment manufacturers to come up with new and improved products to stay competitive. Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as 3D printing, can enhance the development of new products by providing an efficient approach of rapid prototyping. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current adoption of AM technologies in the innovation process of the sports industry, i.e. level of awareness; how it is implemented; and it impact on the innovation process.Design/methodology/approachThis work followed a qualitative research approach. After conducting a research of the current literature, this paper presents findings that include case studies from different companies, as well as a semi-structured interview with an outdoor sports equipment manufacturer. Companies from all over the world and of different sizes from under 100 employees to over 70,000 employees were considered in this research.FindingsLiterature research shows that AM brings many possibilities to enhance the innovation process, and case studies indicated several obstacles that hinder the technology from fully unfolding. AM is still at the early stage of entering the sports equipment industry and its potential benefits have not been fully exploited yet. The findings generated from the research of real-life practices show that AM provides several benefits when it comes to the innovation process, such as a faster development process, an optimised output, as well as the possibility to create new designs. However, companies are not yet able to enhance the innovation process in a way that leads to new products and new markets with AM. Limitations, including a small range of process able material and an inefficient mass production, still restrain the technology and lead to unused capability. Nevertheless, future prospects indicate the growing importance of AM in the innovation process and show that its advancement paves the way to new and innovative products.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations exist in the qualitative approach of this study, which does not include the quantitative verification of the results.Originality/valueVery few studies have been conducted to investigate how firms can harvest AM to increase their innovation capabilities. How firms can use AM to shorten product development time is an emerging topic in business and operations but has not been studied widely. This paper aims to address this gap.

Internet + Promotion and Development of China Sports Industry under the New Normal

Under the new normal requirements through the transformation and upgrading of sports industry and drive innovation to realize the sports healthy steady economic development, and Internet + under the rapid development of sports industry will become the new normal sports industry the main drivers of innovative undertaking. New normal Internet + sports industry under new formats include: intelligent sports leisure services, new competition system, intelligent apparel, sporting goods, sports equipment manufacturing and services of vertical electrical contractor, interactive events and new media, such as intelligent sports service. Under the new normal development of sports industry to promote Internet + to realize the transformation and upgrading of industry as a whole, sports, high added value and upgrade product quality, promote the sports industry and other industries into the depth of fusion.

Investigations on Mechanical Behaviour of Micro Graphite Particulates Reinforced Al-7Si Alloy Composites

Micro particulates reinforced metal matrix composites are finding wide range of applications in automotive and sports equipment manufacturing industries. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop Al-7Si-micro graphite particulates reinforced composites by using liquid melt method. 3 and 6 wt. % of micro graphite particulates were added to the Al-7Si base matrix. Microstructural characterization was done by using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope. Mechanical behaviour of Al-7Si-3 and 6 wt. % composites were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the uniform distribution of micro graphite particulates in the Al-7Si alloy matrix. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of B and C elements in graphite reinforced composites. Further, it was noted that ultimate tensile and yield strength of Al-7Si alloy increased with the addition of 3 and 6wt. % of graphite particulates. Hardness of graphite reinforced composites was lesser than the base matrix.

The Application of Carbon Fiber Materials in Sports Equipment

In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, advocate a green sports and to be a truly ecologically sustainable development, the carbon fiber composite materials will be applied to the field of sports equipment manufacturing, which is an effective and economic way to protect the environment. This paper focuses on the performance advantages of carbon fiber composite and analyses its application in sports equipment. At the same time, it mainly discusses its application advantages of carbon fiber composite materials in sports equipment and illustrates some application examples, finally, summarizes the research status of carbon fiber composite materials at home and abroad.

Sports teams and equipment manufacturers going international

PurposeThe purpose of this is to analyse co‐branding as leverage for both teams and equipment manufacturers in their internationalization endeavours. In other words, how can teams and equipment manufacturers benefit from their association in order to expand internationally?Design/methodology/approachThe study involves four football cases for the 2009‐2010 season: Paris Saint‐Germain and Nike, Olympique de Marseille and Adidas, Olympique Lyonnais and Umbro, and the French national football team and Adidas. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with managers involved with the four teams and their respective equipment manufacturers. The managers were marketing directors, VPs of marketing, sales managers or presidents of their respective organization. Sponsors, university professors and journalists who interact closely with the teams and equipment manufacturers were also interviewed.FindingsIt seems as if the team and its equipment manufacturer do not have a formal strategy to jointly benefit from their association. That would be very important for a successful collaboration and for joint internationalization. Currently, the actions appear a little too ad hoc and opportunistic, with some exceptions (i.e. PSG and Emirates Cup). In other words, the commitment does not really transpire yet in the co‐branding partnerships studied.Research limitations/implicationsOther teams in other sports and other countries should be studied in the next stage of the research. All the more so since the paper focused on a convenience sample, comprised of only French teams. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to the differences between North America and Europe. Indeed, in North America, the league is very much involved and controlling in the international expansion of its teams to the point that the league dictates the internationalization of its teams, brands and merchandising offering; whereas in Europe, teams have much more freedom to expand abroad.Originality/valueThe global brand strategy, which refers to a new market and an existing co‐brand name, would be the most appropriate for sports teams and equipment manufacturers. This would be especially true when both the equipment maker and the sports team benefit from a strong brand equity, which they could carry into international markets and use to trigger a strong synergy abroad. The global brand strategy bears some resemblance with the “Brand Conquistador” strategy, where partnership, either between two teams or between a team and an equipment maker, is used in order to expand internationally.

The Applied Research of New Type Fiber Material on the Manufacture of Sports Equipment

This research introduced that application of new type fiber materials in the field of sports equipment manufacturing, and expatiated on the advantages of new fiber materials in the manufacture of sports equipment. this paper point out that manufacture, development and utilization of new type fiber materials play an important assistant role in the improvement of sports performance. The essence of modern sports equipment development is that the development of modern new type materials based the direction of modern science and technology; however, the new type fibre material should be reasonably used in modern sports equipment.

The Applied Research of Fiber Reinforced Composites Materials in Sports Equipments

The fiber reinforced composites materials possess some excellent characteristics, including light in weight, high strength, high elastic modulus, easy molding and good corrosion resistance and so on. Therefore, fiber reinforced composites materials has extensive application in production-manufacturing of sports equipments, which is valuable to improve player performance. This study elaborated the application advantages of fiber reinforced composites materials in sports equipments, and selection principles, product variety, application example in order to provide a reference for sports equipment manufacturing.

Functional morphology, biomechanics and biomimetic potential of stem-branch connections in Dracaena reflexa and Freycinetia insignis.

Branching in plants is one of the most important assets for developing large arborescent growth forms with complex crowns. While the form and development of branching in gymnosperms and dicotyledonous trees is widely understood, very little is known about branching patterns and the structure of branch–stem-junctions in arborescent monocotyledons. For a better and quantitative understanding of the functional morphology of branch–stem-junctions in arborescent monocotyledons, we investigated the two species Dracaena reflexa and Freycinetia insignis. While D. reflexa is able to develop large arborescent forms with conspicuous crowns by anomalous secondary growth, F. insignis remains relatively small and is only capable of primary growth. Biomechanical investigations were performed by applying vertical loads up to rupture to lateral branches of both species. This allows the analysis of the fracture mechanics and the determination of the maximal force, stress and strain at rupture as well as the fracture toughness. Functional morphology was correlated with the mechanical behaviour of these plants and compared to data of other dicotyledonous trees. The high energy absorption found in the rupture process of lateral branches of D. reflexa and F. insignis makes them promising biological concept generators with a high potential for biomimetic implementation, i.e., for the development of branched fibre-reinforced technical composites. A wide range of constructional elements with branched (sub-)structures can be optimised by using solutions inspired by plant ramifications, e.g., in automotive and aerospace engineering, architecture, sports equipment and prosthetic manufacturing.

Sustainability and the sports industry

It is generally considered that the sporting goods industry comprises of sports apparel, sports footwear and sports equipment manufacturers. Based on a market research report Sporting Goods – A Glo...