Sports Biomechanics Research Articles

Retraction Note: Quantum sensors in sports biomechanics in revolutionizing injury prevention

Retraction Note: Quantum sensors in sports biomechanics in revolutionizing injury prevention

Prediction and treatment of joint injuries in basketball training based on improved regression algorithm from the perspective of sports biomechanics

With the increasing popularity of basketball, especially in collegiate competitions like the University Basketball Super League, the sport has become a significant part of student life. The intensity of basketball training and competition has risen, necessitating athletes to have enhanced physical capabilities to meet modern demands. This heightened physical confrontation often leads to various injuries, with joint injuries being particularly common and impactful. This study integrates sports biomechanics with machine learning to address the prediction and treatment of joint injuries in basketball training. By employing an improved regression algorithm and leveraging high-performance computing, we have experimentally analyzed the prediction of joint injuries and proposed effective solutions. Our results indicate that the difference between the highest and lowest predicted residual values for the Back Propagation (BP) model was 0.92, and for the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) regression model was 0.87. Notably, the improved ELM regression model demonstrated a reduced residual difference of 0.43. This improvement suggests that the enhanced ELM regression model offers superior prediction accuracy for joint injuries in basketball training and provides more comprehensive monitoring of athletes’ physical health, thereby supporting the advancement of basketball training programs.

Injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies in physical education: A machine learning-based approach using biomechanical characteristics

The field of sports biomechanics employs concepts from physics, biology, and engineering to investigate the mechanical characteristics of human motion and how they affect the body’s anatomy and functions. With the development of technology, sports biomechanics has emerged as a crucial component of sports medicine, training, and rehabilitation. To reduce the risk of injury and enhance athletic performance, sports biomechanics examines motions in sports in great length. The purpose of the study is to establish injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies for physical education (PE) teaching based on biomechanical characteristics. The early warning mode of sports injuries is recognized using advanced deep learning (DL) techniques, specifically resilient convolutional neural networks (RCNN). Biomechanical data from wearable sensors is used in this study to find trends related to sports-related injuries. A questionnaire survey of 228 students from various colleges was conducted. Individualized rehabilitation strategies will be provided to injured participants, taking into account their unique biomechanical deficiencies. These programs will be created in conjunction with physical therapists, and they will be updated in response to the patient’s progress toward recovery. The study found that their sports injuries were acute and chronic. This research demonstrated the treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation strategies of injuries in sports. The study emphasizes that biomechanical analysis is crucial for improving PE programs, which will eventually enhance students’ performance and overall health.

Impact biomechanics in sports and exercise: Understanding the mechanical forces behind sports-related injuries

Impact biomechanics in sports and exercise: Understanding the mechanical forces behind sports-related injuries

An Exploratory Vector Field Analysis of Ground Reaction Force During Maximum Sprinting Efforts in Male Soccer Players and Sprinters.

The ability to accelerate and attain high velocities is essential for both individual and team sport athletes. The purpose of this explorative study was to retrospectively analyze the ground reaction force using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) vector field analysis, as traditional scalar analyses often fail to acknowledge the interdependence of force vector components. The ground reaction force vector and the scalar components (i.e., vertical and horizontal force) were analyzed for 28 male sprinters and 24 male soccer players at 8.0 and 8.5 m·s-1, and between 85%, 90%, 95%, and 100% of their maximum velocity. The ground reaction force vector differed predominately during mid-stance and late stance between both groups at 8.0 and 8.5 m·s-1. Within-group analysis also revealed that in both groups, the first ~60% of stance tended to increase in relevance when transitioning to higher sprinting velocities as evident by the increasing {T2} test statistic between adjacent velocity comparisons. Sprinters and soccer player reached their respective maximal sprinting velocity at ~40 m. This exploratory study discusses the potential limitations of scalar analysis and highlights the benefits of incorporating vector field analysis. Although both analysis methods resulted in similar conclusions in our re-analysis, vector field analysis may still enhance the understanding of force application in sprint performance by considering the interdependence of force components. We recommend utilizing vector field analyses alongside traditional methods in sports biomechanics research to ultimately enhance the accuracy of interpretations related to vector data.

Modeling and control of dynamical biomechanical arm systems with elastic joints sensitive to the effect of an external load

In this study, a biomechanical model mimicking the human hand-arm system under heavy disk excitation is developed to define the stability threshold between the preload vibration and the stress of the human hand-arm system. The fully electromechanical system, consisting of a DC motor, a transmission system, and three discrete masses representing the upper arm, forearm, and hand lifting a heavy disk, is connected by shock absorbers and various springs. The challenge of mimicking the angular activity of the elbow joint in torsion and flexion was also included to assess its contribution to system stability and to study the absorption of mechanical energy in the human hand-arm system. Finally, the movements of the model were described by a differential matrix equation, and its analysis facilitates the understanding of the threshold of the chaotic behaviors observed in an oscillating arms system. Specifically, it explores how the motion of a DC motor can be regulated using a single controller parameter within the context of a multi-degree-of-freedom human hand-arm system. The study uses numerical integrations to analyze system behaviors, with an emphasis on the use of frequency spectra, Poincaré maps, and bifurcation diagrams for visualization and interpretation. The results indicate that the system exhibits chaotic behavior when subjected to certain conditions, particularly when the mass load exceeds 35 kg. Imposing motion on the mass block further intensifies the chaos, leading to manifestations such as strong oscillations and frequency-synchronization effects. These characteristics, exhibited by the idealized model, which imitates the human body through a mechanical model and computation of the motions of the body, play a vital role in various fields of ergonomics and sports biomechanics. Understanding the dynamic behaviors of such systems, especially in response to varying conditions, has significant implications for engineering applications.

Analyzing Sports Biomechanics of Hurdling Training: A Systematic Review

Background. Hurdling is a dynamic and technically demanding sport within athletics. It requires a unique combination of speed, agility, coordination, and strength to support good technique and achievement. The ability to excel in this sport depends on the athlete’s mastery of these components, making it an interesting subject for sports science research. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate existing research on sports biomechanics as it relates to improving hurdling performance. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology of the relevant literature. A total of 15 articles published between 1990 and 2023 were identified as relevant to the focus of the study and selected for in-depth analysis. Results. The findings showed that sports biomechanics research in hurdling training has mainly concentrated on the following key areas: kinematics analysis, the application of technology, and the potential injury studies. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the biomechanics of hurdling training, this study suggests the need for further and more comprehensive research. The research mentioned should delve deeper into the biomechanical factors influencing performance in order to develop optimal training methods and injury prevention strategies. Conclusions. This review underscores the importance of continued research in this area, as it has the potential to enhance training approaches and improve athletic performance in hurdling.

Study on the sports biomechanics prediction, sport biofluids and assessment of college students’ mental health status transport based on artificial neural network and expert system

Based on the theories of artificial neural networks and expert systems, this study constructs a model for assessing the sports biomechanics’ mental health of college students using artificial neural networks and expert systems. It assesses the sports biomechanics’ mental health status of college students who had their yoga classes suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, A mobile questionnaire was used to collect information on students’ personal circumstances, sport biofluids and yoga exercise routines, as well as data from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). This study presents a novel approach to assessing the intersection of sports biomechanics and mental health by employing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and expert systems. Unlike previous research in this domain, this study offers an extensive review of the literature, highlighting both the distinctive contributions of ANNs and expert systems and the existing gaps in current methodologies. Similarly, a univariate analysis method was utilized to quantitatively assess the impact of yoga interventions and other factors on college students’ sports biomechanics and mental health. Building on this analysis, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict mental health outcomes and sport biofluid conditions. The model focused on evaluating the significance of various variables, with particular attention to the contribution of yoga exercise routines. In short, this approach aims to enhance the understanding and support for utilizing yoga interventions to improve college students’ mental health within the context of sports biomechanics, especially in the post-pandemic era. The findings should make an important contribution to the field of integrating ANNs with expert systems and sports biomechanics improves mental health prediction accuracy.

Advancements in Performance Monitoring: A Systematic Review of Sensor Technologies in Rowing and Canoeing Biomechanics.

A comprehensive understanding of sports biomechanics is essential for optimizing athletic performance. Recent advancements in sensor technology, particularly inertial sensors, have transformed the landscape of sports performance analysis. These sensors offer profound insights into the kinematic and kinetic aspects of sports, with a particular impact on water-based sports such as rowing and canoeing. This systematic review aims to establish a comprehensive framework for examining sensor technologies and evaluating biomechanical performance in rowing and canoeing. The authors systematically searched four prominent databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Sage Journals), concentrating on research that has employed sensors to analyze critical performance variables in rowing and canoeing. Our exclusion criteria included manuscripts that exclusively addressed ergometer-based studies, those lacking sensor-related content, unrelated subjects, and publications dating back more than 15 years. The authors used the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools to assess study quality and bias risk. A total of 11 studies were included in this review. This review also acknowledges the limitations, such as the exclusion of gray literature and studies in languages other than English, which may have limited the scope of the research. The studies were synthesized qualitatively, focusing on key variables, including oar/paddle force, boat speed, and technique, and were analyzed, providing quantitative insights. Sensor technology has ushered in a new era of rowing and canoeing performance analysis.

Empowering women in sports biomechanics: exploring the impact of mentor circles

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS) women’s mentor circle programme. Forty-eight ISBS women members completed a survey that provided insight into how the circles operated, perceived benefits, and challenges to participation. Most circles met every 6–8 weeks with meetings lasting 1 to 1.5 h. However, some circles did not commence or stopped meeting before the end of the 2 years. For those who actively participated, the circles provided personal and professional benefits, which included developing a supportive network and confidence, and improved work–life balance habits. Furthermore, the programme was found to be a valuable use of their time and strengthened their sense of ISBS as a supportive community, increasing their likelihood of staying an ISBS member. Time zone conflicts, lack of a group leader, and changes in individual work or personal life commitments influenced the continuation of some circles over the 2 years. Some respondents did not participate in the circle, and the main reason was lack of knowledge of the programme. Overall, the programme was considered a worthy initiative, providing a supportive network to assist in advancing women biomechanists. Future programmes should ensure a clear alignment between member’s expectations and the outcomes of circle participation.

Analysis of Android-Based Applications in Physical Education and Sports: Systematic Review

Android-based applications have always experienced rapid progress and development over time. This development has an impact on various fields or scopes that exist around it. This study aims to comprehensively review the implementation of android applications in physical education and sports. This study used a systematic review method by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 331 articles from the SCOPUS database were screened to determine 10 relevant articles. These articles were then subjected to a systematic review. The results of the systematic review presented the research that has been conducted covering several fields, such as learning media, training, health, and sport biomechanics. The presentation of research data from the review results contributed to the development of research in the field of Android-based applications in physical education and sports. On the other hand, research related to Android-based applications needs to be done intensely in physical education. Keywords: technological development, physical activity, literature review, performance analysis.

Application of Natural Language Processing to the Development of Sports Biomechanics in China: A Literature Review of Journal Abstracts in Chinese Between 1980 and 2022

This paper aims to explore the field of sports biomechanics in China between 1980 and 2022 in terms of key developments, hot research topics, integration with other disciplines in kinesiology, and future trends by using text mining and natural language processing to analyze abstracts published in Chinese journals. Over 1,400 research paper abstracts were selected and processed, focusing on specific terms, significance, word-cloud analysis, co-occurrence, and network analysis. Results showed that sports biomechanics research focused on sports technical analysis, application of sports biomechanical principles to athletic training, and sport-injury prevention and rehabilitation. The research areas are multidimensional but well balanced with other disciplines such as physical education, sports training, and motor skill acquisition. Integration with fields like biomedical engineering, computer software and applications, and medical aspects of specific environments suggesting sports biomechanics has a promising future as it continues to develop as a discipline interwoven with other disciplines.

Mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan in Improving Knee Osteoarthritis from the Perspective of Sports Biomechanics

Mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan in Improving Knee Osteoarthritis from the Perspective of Sports Biomechanics

On discretising continuous data for subgroup analysis in baseball pitching and alternative analytical methodologies

ABSTRACT There is a plethora of research attempting to contrast high- and low-velocity pitchers to identify traits to target for increasing velocity. However, pitch velocity exists on a continuum. Therefore, our purpose is to display the analytical discrepancies between creating velocity subgroups and leaving velocity as a continuous variable by examining the influence of ball velocity on elbow valgus torque. Motion capture data for 1315 actively competing pitchers were retrospectively extracted from a private database. We compared three analytic methods: (1) linear regression of valgus torque on ball velocity, (2) t-test between low- and high-velocity groups formed by a median split, and (3) t-test between very low- and very high-velocity groups formed by upper and lower velocity quartiles. Linear regression indicates ball velocity influenced valgus torque (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.280). Median splitting reduced the predictability of ball velocity on valgus torque (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.180). Conversely, extreme group splitting artificially inflated the effect size (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.347). We recommend sports biomechanics researchers not discretise a continuous variable to form subgroups for analysis because (1) it distorts the relationship between the variables of interest and (2) a regression equation can be used to estimate the dependent variable at any value of the independent variable, not just the group means.

Kinematic characteristics analysis of highly difficult movements "324C+1D" of the first level Wushu athletes

Background "324C+1D” movements are key techniques and winning factors in Wushu competitions. It is necessary for scientific training to analyze the kinematic characteristics of “324C+1D” by using the method of sports biomechanics. Methods In this study, 3D high-speed camera and 3D motion analysis software were used to study “324C+1D” completed by three Chinese wushu first-level athletes, and the kinematic characteristics of this movement were obtained. Results The run-up speed of completing the “324C+1D” is not high; The lift Angle of the center of gravity is close to 90°. The vertical height of the center of gravity is significantly higher than the vertical height of the center of gravity when landing, and the vertical moving distance of the center of gravity in the lifting stage is significantly less than the vertical moving distance of the center of gravity in the descending stage. The vertical height of the center of gravity at departure is significantly higher than that at landing. Conclusions In the take-off stage, increase the twisting Angle of shoulders and hips, speed up the swing arm speed and squat speed of the center of gravity in the vertical direction, and shorten the take-off time. Increase the vertical speed of the center of gravity before the patting foot and the vertical moving distance between the center of gravity lifting stage and the descending stage, extend the air time, accelerate the swing speed of the right leg, move the foot patting time forward to the rapid rising stage of the center of gravity lifting, accelerate the rotational angular speed of the shoulder shaft in the air stage and improve the strength of the leg, which is conducive to the athletes to complete the movement.

Exploring research on competitive Para-cyclists and its related factors: A scoping review.

This scoping review aimed to explore the characteristics and performance factors of competitive Para-cyclists. A systematic search for studies on competitive Para-cycling on WOS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus was performed until December 2023. Five methodological phases were followed: (i) identifying the research question, (ii) identifying relevant studies, (iii) study selection, (iv) charting the data, and (v) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. A systematic search across multiple databases was performed until March 2024. Five methodological phases were employed: identifying the research question, relevant studies, study selection, charting data, and summarizing results. A total of 36 relevant studies were selected. Three main research themes emerged: Sport performance (n = 15), Biomechanics (n = 12), and Physical and mental health (n = 9). Despite progress, gaps were identified, particularly in physiological response to exercise, fitness, and training. Biomechanics studies focused on prosthetic use and aerodynamics, mostly involving lower-limb amputees and simulated tandem competition. Injury risk in Para-cycling appeared comparable to able-bodied cycling, but comprehensive studies considering confounding variables are needed. Overall, while research on Para-cycling is growing, more studies with larger and diverse samples across all sport classes are essential to advance scientific understanding in this field.

Applied biomechanics within the Kinesiology discipline in higher education

Background and Study Aim. Biomechanics is a fundamental component of Kinesiology, offering critical insights into the mechanics of human movement. As the demand for comprehensive educational programs in Kinesiology grows, understanding the role and effectiveness of biomechanics within these programs becomes increasingly important. The aim of the study is to investigate and highlight the role and importance of biomechanics in the context of higher education, with an emphasis on the discipline of Kinesiology. Material and Methods. This study involved 71 students from the Department of Physical Education and Sport at Pitești University Center. It included 43 students specializing in Physical Education and Sport (PES) and 28 in Sports and Motor Performance (SMP). The research utilized the university's e-learning platform to monitor teaching and evaluation activities within the Kinesiology discipline. The evaluation of fundamental Kinesiology knowledge was assessed through various indicators. Google Forms-Questionnaire sought to gauge student opinions on the thematic content of Biomechanics as applied to Kinesiology and to evaluate the teaching staff. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test was employed to analyze differences in means across the groups. Results. The study revealed a diverse interest in sports across the Physical Education and Sport (PES) and Sports and Motor Performance (SMP) programs. Soccer, basketball, and handball were the most popular among students. Comparative analysis of academic performance showed no significant differences between the groups in various assessments (p&gt;0.05). The overall student feedback on the "Fundamentals of Biomechanics of Physical Activities and Sports" course was predominantly positive. Over 50% of the students rated it as very good. Areas for improvement in teaching methods were also identified to enhance the academic experience. Conclusions. This study highlights the effective integration of biomechanics within the Kinesiology discipline at the higher education level. Findings suggest that well-structured educational programs can enhance students' understanding and application of biomechanics. This contributes positively to their academic and professional development in sports sciences. Continuous curriculum assessment and refinement are crucial for maintaining the relevance and effectiveness of such programs.

Sports Biomechanics Applied to Performance Optimization

The field of sports biomechanics has seen significant growth in recent years thanks to technological advancements [...]

Where do we intervene to optimize sports systems? Leverage Points the way

ABSTRACT Sport and sports research are inherently complex systems. This appears to be somewhat at odds with the current research paradigm in sport in which interventions are aimed are fixing or solving singular broken components within the system. In any complex system, such as sport, there are places where we can intervene to change behaviour and, ideally, system outcomes. Meadows influential work describes 12 different points with which to intervene in complex systems (termed “Leverage Points”), which are ordered from shallow to deeper based on their potential effectiveness to influence transformational change. Whether research in sport is aimed at shallow or deeper Leverage Points is unknown. This study aimed to assess highly impactful research in sports science, sports nutrition/metabolism, sports medicine, sport and exercise psychology, sports management, motor control, sports biomechanics and sports policy/law through a Leverage Points lens. The 10 most highly cited original-research manuscripts from each journal representing these fields were analysed for the Leverage Point with which the intervention described in the manuscript was focused. The results indicate that highly impactful research in sports science, sports nutrition/metabolism, sports biomechanics and sports medicine is predominantly focused at the shallow end of the Leverage Points hierarchy. Conversely, the interventions drawn from journals representing sports management and sports policy/law were focused on the deeper end. Other journals analysed had a mixed profile. Explanations for these findings include the dual practitioner/academic needing to “think fast” to solve immediate questions in sports science/medicine/nutrition, limited engagement with “working slow” systems and method experts and differences in incremental vs. non-incremental research strategies

Modern Approaches in Sport Biomechanics: A Review Paper

Modern Approaches in Sport Biomechanics: A Review Paper