Sports Programs Research Articles

A Study of the Role of Physical Functioning and Physical Conditioning on the Influence of Competitive Sports Programmes

With the continuous progress of science and technology, the field of competitive sports has also witnessed revolutionary changes. Modern technology is playing an increasingly important role in improving athletes' performance, optimising training methods and preventing sports injuries. The aim of this study is to delve into the role of body functions and form states in competitive sports and how they affect athletes' competitive performance. By analysing the physical characteristics and training needs of athletes in different sports, it reveals the state effects of body function and form state on competitive sports. The study further proposes the enhancement of athletes' physical functioning and shape shape through scientific training methods. The application of these strategies will help athletes achieve optimal performance in training and competition, reduce the risk of injury, and improve athletic performance. With the continuous development and application of science and technology, we have reason to believe that competitive sports will become more scientific, efficient and humane.

Parents’ Perception of the Role of Sports in Supporting Psychological and Social Development in Children with Specific Learning Disorders

Background: This study aims to examine parents’ perceptions of how coach support influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and its subsequent impact on the self-esteem and overall well-being of children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs) through participation in sports. Methods: The sample consisted of 1146 parents of children and young people diagnosed with SLDs from several European countries. The Coach Support Scale (COS), the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Sport Impact Scale (SIS) were used. Descriptive, reliability, Gaussian distribution, and ANOVA analyses were conducted. Results: The results show that increased sports participation is associated with higher perceptions of coach support, autonomy, competence, psychological need satisfaction, self-esteem, relatedness, and the positive impact of sports on the lives of children and adolescents with SLDs. Children and teenagers who engage in individual and team sports exhibit greater coach support, autonomy, competence, relatedness, BPNS, and self-esteem compared to those who participate in only one type of sport, with p-values ranging from 0.004 to 0.050. Conclusions: In conclusion, participation in sports seems to benefit the self-esteem and well-being of children and young people with SLDs. The practical applications of this study highlight the importance of specialized coach training to address the psychological needs of children with SLDs, the development of balanced sports programs that integrate individual and team activities to optimize benefits, the encouragement of parental involvement to enhance positive experiences, and the implementation of policies that support inclusive and adaptive sports practices.

Assessing sport commitment: the development and preliminary validation of recreational sport commitment questionnaire

BackgroundPresently, where inactivity is an overarching problem globally, participation in recreational sports activities has become an important outlet for promoting healthy lifestyles. However, there is a lack of instruments to evaluate the commitment of recreational and leisure sports users. This study aimed to adapt, develop and provide preliminary validation of the Recreational Sport Commitment Questionnaire (RESQ).MethodsThe development and validation process in this study consisted of four stages: Stage One involved item pool generation, Stage Two focused on content and face validation, Stage Three encompassed data collection, and Stage Four included the assessment of the psychometric properties of the RESQ. This final stage was conducted through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n = 275) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; n = 313) to evaluate convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability.ResultsThe initial item pool generated 60 items, whereby 42 items were retained after the content validity evaluation process by the panel of experts. Next, EFA analysis suggested 31 items distributed across seven factors. Lastly, psychometric properties of RESQ with 26 items were established through CFA (GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04, TLI = 0.96, X²/df = 1.52) and other psychometrics evidence.ConclusionBased on the collected psychometrics evidence, RESQ is a valid questionnaire to evaluate the commitment of recreational sports users. The newly developed questionnaire allows sports organizations to assess the factors influencing sport commitment among recreational sports users. Based on the results of RESQ, sport programmes can be tailored made to optimize sports engagement and promote continued commitment.

Recreational sports in prison: inmates' perspectives on coaching effectiveness

IntroductionThis study examines inmates' perspectives on the effectiveness of sports coaches in prison. According to the integrative definition of effective coaching, coaches require professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge to enhance athletes' outcomes within a specific context.MethodsFive male inmates of a German prison were interviewed after they participated in sports programs. The data were analyzed using directed content analysis.ResultsThe inmates recognized professional knowledge in coaches who demonstrated clear training structures and spoke in an educated manner. Interpersonal knowledge was highly valued, with inmates expressing a preference for coaches who showed closeness, truthfulness, and responsiveness, while intrapersonal knowledge was attributed through coaches' adaptability. Inmates identified all four possible outcomes and emphasized that sensitivity, authenticity, energetic demeanor, physical appearance, and athletic skills are crucial qualities for an effective coach in a prison.DiscussionThe balance between an authentic and energetic demeanor, including a certain degree of strictness, emerges as a key factor in effective coaching within the prison context.

Sports Motivation, Attitude, and Well-Being Among Chinese Non-Sports Majors

This study determines the relationship among sports motivation, sports attitude and happiness of non-sports major college students in China. The analysis and discussion of the relationship and influence between the three can help schools to fully understand the needs of students, timely adjust the content of education policies and plans, clarify the key and difficult points of teaching goals, and formulate sports programs that adapt to and meet the needs of students. In this paper, 814 college students were investigated using survey questionnaire, Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, reliability and validity test, difference analysis and correlation analysis. Through the analysis, we have a deeper understanding of the intrinsic causal relationship between sports motivation, sports attitude and happiness. The results show that there is a significant relationship and positive correlation between sports motivation, sports attitude and happiness, that is, the stronger the sports motivation, the more positive the sports attitude; the higher the motivation of exercise, the higher the level of happiness. Positive attitude towards sports can effectively improve the happiness of college students. Therefore, schools should not only pay attention to students’ academic performance, but also pay more attention to students’ physical and mental health, social interaction and self-realization of happiness. According to the needs of students, the school gives corresponding policies and teaching support, and actively guides college students to participate in sports activities. At the same time, the purpose of this study is to enhance college students’ sports motivation and attitude by revealing the causal relationship among sports motivation, sports attitude and happiness, so as to enhance college students’ happiness. The research results also provide a reference direction for humanistic management and education teaching in schools, which is the significance of the research.

Global trends in sports programs to improve family health and resilience: a systematic review as an effort to achieve well-being

Lack of physical activity in daily life can lead to serious health problems, such as obesity, heart disease, and mental health disorders that negatively impact family resilience. Therefore, exercise is important to improve the health of family members, reduce the risk of disease, and strengthen social relationships, all of which contribute to better family resilience and well-being. Given the importance of exercise for health, this study focuses on How exercise programs can holistically improve family health and well-being. This study explored the relationship between exercise programs and their impact on family health, resilience, and well-being. The method used is a systematic literature review (SLR), which includes the selection of literature from various academic databases, Scopus, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar, by setting clear inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the research and obtaining data that is worthy of being analysed as many as 23 scientific articles. Data analysis using the help of biblioshiny and NVivo. The results of this review indicate that participation in exercise programs improves individuals' physical and mental health and strengthens emotional and social relationships within the family, resulting in stronger bonds between family members. These findings highlight the importance of policies supporting family participation in physical activity and developing inclusive and flexible sports programs to address the challenges families face. Recommendations for future research include exploring the accessibility of sports programs for all population segments and paying attention to the potential negative impacts of involvement in organized sports. This study provides valuable insights into the vital role of sport in creating healthy and resilient families in a changing era.

The promoting effect of biomechanics-based optimization strategies for preschool sports on mental health

Background: Early childhood is crucial for physical and mental development. Incorporating sports into preschool education fosters motor skills but also promotes emotional and psychological well-being. Traditional sports programs often focus on generalized physical activities, neglecting biomechanics to optimize movement efficiency and reduce injury risks. A holistic approach combining biomechanics with mental health promotion is needed. Aim: This study investigates the impact of biomechanics-based optimization strategies in preschool sports and their effects on mental health. Methods: The research involved 150 preschool children divided into two groups: One participating in a biomechanics-based sports program (experimental group) and the other in a conventional sports curriculum (control group) based on survey. The biomechanics-based program included an assessment of body biomechanics and movement efficiency, alongside pedagogical methods designed to enhance physical and mental development. SPSS software was used to analyze covariance (ANCOVA), independent samples t-tests, paired samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and regression analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the biomechanics-based program and its influence on the physical and mental health of preschool children. Results: Results showed significant physical improvements, including enhanced head angle, muscle strength, spinal flexibility, and balance control. The biomechanics-based program significantly improved children’s physical and mental health metrics, particularly motor skills, balance, and emotional regulation. These improvements contribute to better mental health outcomes by fostering a positive self-image (PSI), enhancing confidence (EC), and promoting emotional well-being (PEW). Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of integrating biomechanics-based strategies into preschool sports programs to support both physical and mental development.

Summary of the best evidence for risk stratification of exercise rehabilitation in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device.

Hierarchical management of sports risk is highly critical to ensure the safety of sports rehabilitation. Early identification, timely prevention and control of sports-related risk factors, and enhanced supervision and guidance can provide a basis for the formulation of sports programmes and the setting of sports monitoring levels. This study aimed to retrieve, evaluate, and integrate evidence for the stratified management of motor risk in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED). We searched for evidence according to the "6S" model of evidence-based resources. CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Iibrary, CINAHL, EMbase, Web of Science, BMJ Best Practice, Up To Date, and International Guidelines Collaboration Network were searched from inception to February 2024. To search for evidence on stratified management of motor risk in patients with CIEDs, this research includes guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, expert consensus, clinical decision-making, and randomized controlled trials. After methodological quality evaluation, the evidence was extracted and summarized accordingly. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 pieces of evidence were screened, including 5 guidelines, 1 clinical decision-making, 5 systematic reviews, 4 expert consensus, and 1 randomized controlled trial. After reading, extracting, and categorizing, 34 pieces of evidence in 4 areas were identified, namely, screening and assessment of exercise risk in CIEDs, exercise monitoring, implementation of exercise prescriptions, and prevention and management of exercise-related risks. This study provides the best evidence for the prevention and management of exercise risk in patients with CIEDs, clarifies the role of nurses in evaluating, monitoring, and educating patients undergoing motor rehabilitation, and provides a basis for the formulation of clinically feasible rehabilitation programs. PROSPERO, identifier (CRD2024509622).

Perceptions of Participation for Wheelchair Rugby Team Members: A Qualitative Inquiry.

Although physical activity has been shown to influence physical, social, and emotional well-being, individuals experiencing quadriparesis often lack knowledge of and access to adaptive sporting programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions about wheelchair rugby's impact on community participation and well-being for individuals with quadriparesis and to identify functional barriers to participation. Qualitative semistructured interviews were used to explore the perception of participation in wheelchair rugby on community participation and well-being for adults with quadriparesis. Participants perceived that their participation in sports had positive benefits on community participation and well-being. In addition, participants identified barriers to participation for individuals with quadriparesis. Practitioners working with individuals with quadriparesis should consider sports participation when designing interventions and education.

Optimization design of biomechanical parameters based on advanced mathematical modelling

In recent years the use of biomechanics in athletic training and performance has received a lot of attention, especially in university sports programs. Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical principles that control how biological things move or are constructed. It is critical for understanding the intricate relationships between physical performance, body mechanics, and injury prevention. The objective of this study is to establish how biomechanical variables can be designed and optimized in universities using mathematical modeling. In this study, a novel Emperor Penguin Search-driven Dynamic Feedforward Neural Network (EPSO-DFNN) is proposed to optimize the biomechanical parameters of athletes. Various biomechanical data are utilized from athletes participating in different sports. Biomechanical parameters include muscle activation patterns, joint angles, forces, and movement. The data was preprocessed using Z-score normalization from the obtained data. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using features is extracted from preprocessed data. The proposed method is to identify the optimal configurations for athlete’s movements tailored to their sports and individual biomechanical profiles. The proposed method is the performance of various evaluation metrics such as F1-score (92.76%), precision (91.42%), accuracy (90.02%), and recall (89.69%). The result demonstrated that the proposed method effectively improved the performance in athletic capabilities compared to other traditional algorithms. This study demonstrates how mathematical modeling may be used to optimize biomechanical characteristics, providing insightful information that can be used to improve athletic performance and encourage safer behaviors in athletic settings.

FATORES MOTIVACIONAIS RELACIONADOS À PRÁTICA DE ESPORTIVA PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA

Motivation is an essential element for the development of the human being, involving emotional, biological and social phenomena and makes people give the best of themselves. It is largely responsible for initiating, directing, and maintaining behaviors related to the execution of objectives. Motivation is seen as an active intentional process, where the individual pursues a goal, and this depends on personal and environmental factors, making individuals practice action with pleasure, be part of a group, be socially accepted, concern for health, have fun and even keep fit. The objective of the study is to analyze the main reasons that lead students with disabilities to join a sport. A total of 35 persons with disabilities (15 women and 20 men) from the Paralympic Reference Center of Roraima participated in the study. Motivation was assessed using the Motivation Inventory for Regular Physical Activity – IMPRAF 54 (Balbinotti & Barbosa, 2006). This tool aims to know the motivations that lead the person to perform (or keep performing) sports activities. The results revealed that the main reasons are: 1) Sociability (65.71%); 2) Health (45.71%); and 3) Stress control (42.85%). The results demonstrate the main reasons that lead people with disabilities to seek out sports practice and may be important for improving and expanding the offerings of sports programs and projects for this population.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0909/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Development of the Recreational Sports Programme to Enhance the Emotional Intelligence of Students at Fuzhou Institute of Technology

Background and Aim: Under the influence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, has brought a serious negative impact on the emotional intelligence of college students. To improve the emotional intelligence of college students, a leisure sports program was developed and designed. The objectives of this study are:1) To understand the current situation of college students participating in recreational sports in Fuzhou University of Technology; 2) Develop recreational sports programs to improve the emotional intelligence of Fuzhou University of Technology students; 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 730 college students of Fuzhou Institute of Technology; interviews were conducted with 20 freshmen, 5 sports experts, 5 school physical education teachers, and 5 school leaders; 15 freshmen males, and 15 freshmen females were subjected to an 8-week experiment; the data obtained from the questionnaires and interviews were analyzed using descriptive statistics by using the SPSS software and a sample t-test was conducted on the data from the experiment. Results: 1) Students of Fuzhou Institute of Technology tended to exercise twice a week; The strength tends to be low strength and medium and low strength. Each time is less than 1 hour; The types are yoga, basketball, jogging, and Taichi Chuan. 2) The FITT-SFD recreational sports program was developed. 3) T-tests before and after the experiment showed that the average values of emotional intelligence before and after the experiment were 110.2 and 137.8, and EI was significantly improved. Conclusion: The experimental results show that this program has significant improvement in the dimensions of improving emotional perception, self-emotional management, others' emotional management, and emotional application. The experimental data verify the effectiveness of the research and development of recreational sports programs in improving students' emotional intelligence and provide empirical support for the promotion of research in related fields of emotional intelligence.

Collaborative and interdisciplinary teaching in sport and exercise: Lessons from the development and delivery of an equity, diversity, and inclusion workshop

Training in sport and exercise that is collaborative and interdisciplinary allows for the delivery of key knowledge and skills that help shape trainees’ practice. Such training also demonstrates how collaborations can take shape and how individuals can work together in the future. We present an example of collaborative and interdisciplinary training used within an equity, diversity, and inclusion workshop that was provided to trainees enrolled on the Sport and Exercise Psychology Accreditation Route (SEPAR) training program offered through the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. The SEPAR program was designed to allow trainees to gain knowledge, skills, and experience to apply and register as Practitioner Psychologists with the Health and Care Professions Council in the United Kingdom. The workshop was a collaboration between individuals trained in sport and exercise psychology and clinical social work. Overall, the workshop helped trainees gain an understanding of key terms and definitions concerning equity, equality, diversity, inclusion, and social justice as well as legal responsibilities. The workshop also demonstrated a variety of perspectives from sport and exercise psychology and clinical social work as to how inclusive and socially just approaches can be used to create safe environments that can foster strong therapeutic relationships with clients.

Practice examples: Sports engage vulnerable children

IN SUMMARY The Youth Endowment Fund has undertaken research to understand the impact that engaging in sports programmes can have on young people vulnerable to perpetrating crime and violence.

Research on the New Era’s Road for Reforming School Sports Instruction

Background: The emphasis on holistic development in school has significantly changed in recent years, placing equal emphasis on academic success and physical and mental well-being. This change has led to a critical analysis of the teaching of sports in schools, which has historically placed a strong emphasis on competitive and performance-oriented goals. Growing worries about the health, involvement, and general development of students highlight the need for reform in school sports instruction. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and assess current reform efforts in school Sports instruction in light of the emerging educational paradigm. Finding workable solutions to raise the standard of sports instruction, increase student engagement, and promote a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to physical education are the goals. Method: Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys. Information was gathered from a wide range of educational institutions' instructors, students, and policy officials. Analyzing survey data on existing sports curriculum, instructional strategies, and student attitudes toward physical education comprised the quantitative component. In-depth interviews were a part of the qualitative component, which aimed to provide insights into the difficulties and achievements faced by reforming schools. Findings: The study presents a number of important conclusions: First, the necessity of switching from conventional, competition-focused models to more inclusive and diversified sports programs that accommodate a range of interests and ability levels is becoming increasingly apparent. Second, the incorporation of contemporary pedagogical strategies that encourage higher levels of engagement and enjoyment—like cooperative learning and student-centered activities—marks effective reforms. Third, there are still issues like scarce resources and opposition to change, but creative solutions and helpful legislation have made progress toward getting past these obstacles. Overall, the study emphasizes how crucial it is for educators to continue their professional development and how systemic support is required to maintain successful reforms in the teaching of sports in schools. This study offers insightful information to stakeholders, educators, and policymakers that want to improve.

Balancing Athletic and Academic Excellence: A Quantitative Study of Student-Athletes' Time Management Strategies

This study focuses on the unique challenges faced by student-athletes and explores how they find a balance between competitive sports and academic pursuits. Through a one-year longitudinal study of 360 college athletes from a variety of sports and academic backgrounds, we deeply analyzed the relationship between time management strategies and academic achievement, athletic performance, and psychological health. The study used quantitative research methods to analyze the data and revealed several key time management strategies that were associated with significant improvements in academic and athletic performance. In particular, we discovered a novel "flexible focus" strategy that enabled students to quickly switch their attention between learning and training while maintaining high efficiency. In addition, the study found the moderating effects of social media use, sleep patterns, and nutritional intake on time management effects. Based on these findings, we proposed a comprehensive "dual-track development model" to provide a practical guidance framework for student-athletes, coaches, and educators. This model is not only applicable to traditional college sports programs, but also considers the emerging field of e-sports, providing a new perspective for understanding and supporting the comprehensive development of student-athletes in the 21st century. The results of this study have important implications for higher education policy, athletic training program design, and the development of student support services, providing an empirical basis for promoting the comprehensive development of student-athletes.

Introduction to Adaptive Sports: An Intervention Protocol for Youth

Certified therapeutic recreation specialists (CTRS®s) within pediatric rehabilitation inpatient (PR-I) units use a variety of treatment modalities. One such modality is adaptive sports. Positive emotions that can be generated when participating in an adaptive sports activity include enjoyment and gratification. CTRSs are able to provide youth in the PR-I unit with a unique experience that teaches them about adaptive sports while introducing a potential new leisure pursuit. Thus, the Introduction to Adaptive Sports program was developed with the intent of documenting youths' knowledge related to adaptive sports following brief exposure, their enjoyment of ac-tivities associated with four different adaptive sports, and their interest in future participation. The youth involved in the piloting of this protocol were asked to complete a Knowledge and Future Participation Quiz as well as an Enjoyment Scale to measure their level of knowledge about each adaptive sport presented, how much they enjoyed participating in each ses-sion, and if they would be interested in future participation. The results showed that the youth demonstrated strong knowledge about each adaptive sport (average scores of 5.06 out of 6). The scores on the Enjoyment Scale indicated that youth on the PR-I unit enjoyed the adaptive sports sessions (average scores of 8.38 out of 10). Addition-ally, participant responses indicated 78.13% overall interest in future participation in the four presented adaptive sports. Though the preliminary results from the trial of this protocol are encouraging, recommendations for revision and future study by CTRS professionals on PR-I units are included.

The Effectiveness of Sports Program among Typical Children and Children with Disabilities

This research aimed to introduce the effectiveness of sports programs for both typical children and children with disabilities that has garnered significant attention in recent years, highlighting the importance of inclusive physical activities in promoting health, social skills, and overall well-being. The main aim of this research is to show the importance of sports programs in general for both typical children and children with disabilities. The research presents a set of previous recent studies and research that relied on sports programs for both typical children and children with disabilities. The research ends with a set of recommendations, including the necessity of relying on practices that have been proven scientifically and practically effective in attending to sport programs for typical children and children with disabilities.

Players in the Women's National Basketball Association Are More Likely to Tear Their Anterior Cruciate Ligament if They Are a Guard, Forward, or Driving to the Basket: A Case-Control Study.

The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) has grown in popularity since its induction in 1996. Furthermore, it is well known that female athletes are at an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears compared with their male counterparts. The purpose was to examine the player positions and player movements during basketball games and practices that contribute to ACL tears in WNBA players. Player position and demographics from WNBA players who suffered an ACL tear from 1996 to 2021 were collected from publicly available sources. Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) news reports and video analysis were reviewed to determine what movements each player was performing when the injury occurred. Injured players were matched with two noninjured players by age, position, height, and league experience. Performance statistics were collected one season prior to injury and compared with the matched controls. A total of 62 WNBA players with ACL injuries were identified with an average age of 26.7 (±3.9) years. More guards and forward were seen in the injured cohort and more players were injured while driving to the basket (p < 0.05). ACL injuries occurred more commonly during games than in practice (p < 0.05). Compared with controlled match cohort, the players who suffered ACL tears started more games (p = 0.007), had higher minutes played per game (p = 0.003), more field goals per game (p = 0.04), more field goal attempts per game (p = 0.03), more 3-point attempts per game (p = 0.04), more rebounds per game (p = 0.04), more steals per game (p = 0.02), and more points per game (p = 0.02). WNBA guards and forward were more likely to tear their ACL, especially while driving to the basket during real game play. Additionally, players with higher playing times, rebounds, and steals per game had higher rates of ACL tears. However, there was no impact on their performance on season statistics after returning to sport. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Technological Transformation and Student Engagement in Tennis Training: Basis for Strengthening Sports Educational Program

The researcher aimed to examine how technological transformations impacted student engagement in tennis training at selected Chinese schools and strengthened sports educational programs. They sought to evaluate respondents' profiles, their assessment of technological transformations in tennis training, and the influence of these changes on student engagement, while also exploring potential differences based on respondent profiles and designing effective sports programs based on the study's findings. The researcher used a descriptive correlational research and quantitative method and utilized teachers or coaches and students of the selected universities and colleges in China such as the Yulin Normal University, Guilin Normal College and Guangxi Normal University. The study found that while technological transformations in tennis training were only slightly implemented and had a moderate impact on student engagement, there were notable differences in assessments based on gender, role, and age. To enhance student engagement, it is crucial to design a more comprehensive sports educational program that effectively integrates technology. Furthermore, to improve student engagement in sports education, schools should design and implement targeted, inclusive technology integration strategies that address the needs of diverse demographics, provide effective training, and continuously assess and adapt technological tools based on feedback.