Sport Business Research Articles

Show Her the Money

Female-founded businesses struggle to attract private investment but seem to attract more within the sport industry. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine this discrepancy and determine what factors contribute to private funding of female-owned sport businesses. This study examined 440 female-founded sport-related businesses with a founding date between 2010-2020 from the Crunchbase database. There was $2.21 billion invested into 207 female-founded sport companies during the identified period. Using multiple logistic regression and signaling theory, results of the study suggest that female founders in sport should focus capital acquisition efforts on revenue-generating business models and successfully pitching investors, as this leads to greater funding. Social network analysis indicates that the investing environment for female sport businesses is loosely connected with a potential role for start-up accelerators. This study helps to further understand the investment environment surrounding women-owned businesses in sport.

SPORTS CLUB LOYALTY: GENERAL AND AGE-RELATED ANALYSIS. AN EXAMPLE FROM RECREATIONAL RIDERS IN RIDING SCHOOL

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of age on sporting club loyalty, focusing on horse riding in France. Theoretical Framework: Using a consumer behavior marketing approach, this study provides an understanding of the relationships and influence between the constructs of loyalty, satisfaction, switching barriers, affective commitment to the group of friends and community commitment. Method: A multigroup SEM was used to provide a global understanding. The Data collection was carried out through on online survey amongst 615 respondents in France. Results and Discussion: Whatever the age is, the results confirm the classical influence of satisfaction on loyalty and highlight the significant influence of riding teachers on customer loyalty to riding schools. The relationships between the other constructs differ by age with different factors influencing satisfaction and loyalty. Younger riders’ loyalty relies more on teacher linkage, while older riders consider a more global environment, including switching barriers and commitments. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of sport management. These implications could encompass equestrian activities and sports businesses. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by showing the differences or correlations between segments of recreational riders according to their loyalty to their riding club. Thus, adapting marketing and management strategies according to the age of recreational riders is essential to improve loyalty according to its main drivers.

Structural Relationship Between Perceived Value, Customer Behavior, and Continuous Use Intention of Sports Business Platform Users

Structural Relationship Between Perceived Value, Customer Behavior, and Continuous Use Intention of Sports Business Platform Users

The Effect of Service Quality in Sports Businesses on Customer Satisfaction

Sports businesses need to improve their service quality to achieve their goals continuously. Enterprises that can achieve this will have a positive effect on customer satisfaction and will be able to sustain their existence and allow their businesses to grow. The problem statement of the research is "Is there a relationship between perceived service quality and customer satisfaction in sports businesses?". In this direction, the research aims to examine the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in enterprises in terms of different demographic variables. The population of the study consisted of 885 members who receive active service in Mugla Culture Art Sports Center and Trade LLC sports enterprises. The sample consisted of 375 people over the age of 18, 123 of whom were female and 252 of whom were male. To collect the data needed for the research, the personal information form prepared by the researchers, the Sports Facilities Customer Satisfaction Scale (SFCSS) developed by Yıldırım (2017), and the Fitness Centers Service Quality Scale (FCSQS) developed by Sevilmiş (2019) was used. The data were collected a face-to-face questionnaire technique. SPSS 26.0 package program was used to analyze the collected data. Frequency and percentage analyses were used to determine the demographic structure of the data. A T-test was used to investigate the relationship between two independent variables and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the relationship between three or more variables. Statistical analyses were interpreted based on a p<0.05 significance level. The results of the analyses showed that the Cronbach Alpha values of the scales and sub-dimensions were highly reliable. The findings revealed a strong and positive relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction (r=0.613, p<0.01). This means that customer satisfaction increases with the increase in service quality in sports facilities.

A Critical Study on Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Sports Business

A Critical Study on Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Sports Business

The effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital: The case of sports businesses

It is known that workplaces with an authentic leadership approach create conditions where employees have a high level of trust and contribute to their employees being positive and feeling stronger. In this regard, the authentic leadership approach is thought to be an important explainer of psychological capital, which is one of the personality traits that contribute to the productivity of employees. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital. In this research, the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research approaches, was used. 270 people, 138 men (51.1%) and 132 women (48.9%), selected by convenience sampling method from among the people working in businesses providing sports services in Istanbul, participated in the research voluntarily. In the analysis of the data, through the SPSS package program; Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables, and regression analysis was used to determine the effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital. It has been observed that there is a positive relationship between authentic leadership and psychological capital. In addition, regarding the main purpose of the research, it has been determined that authentic leadership has a positive effect on psychological capital. As a result, it was concluded that employees' authentic leadership characteristics have a significant impact on their psychological capital levels (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) Özet Otantik liderlik yaklaşımına sahip iş yerlerinin çalışanlara yüksek düzeyde güvenin yer aldığı koşullar oluşturduğu, çalışanlarının pozitif olmalarına ve kendilerini daha güçlü hissetmelerine katkıda bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Bu doğrultuda otantik liderlik yaklaşımının, çalışanların verimliliğine katkı sağlayan kişilik özelliklerinden biri olan psikolojik sermayenin önemli bir açıklayıcısı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, otantik liderliğin psikolojik sermaye üzere etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından ilişkisel tarama modelinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmaya İstanbul’da spor hizmeti veren işletmelerde çalışan kişiler içinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 138 Erkek (%51.1) 132 Kadın (%48.9) 270 kişi gönüllü olarak katılım göstermiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS paket programı aracılığıyla; değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon analizi, otantik liderliğin psikolojik sermaye üzerine etkisini belirlemek için regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Otantik liderlik ile psikolojik sermaye arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca araştırmanın temel amacına ilişkin olarak, otantik liderliğin psikolojik sermaye üzerine pozitif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çalışanların otantik liderlik özelliklerinin psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The Impact of Digital Marketing on the Competitiveness of Sports Businesses: Through Competitive Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

The Impact of Digital Marketing on the Competitiveness of Sports Businesses: Through Competitive Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

An Investigation in to Sports Analytics and Related Tools

This study explores the application of sports analytics and the utilization of various tools in the sports industry. Sports analytics, also known as sports data analytics, is the application of data analysis and statistical approaches to extract important insights. Additionally, it aids in making well-informed judgments and enhancing performance in the realm of sports. Sports data analytics include a diverse array of methods and approaches, such as statistical analysis, machine learning, data visualization, predictive modeling, and optimization algorithms. The objective of sports business analytics is to get practical insights from a dataset in order to enhance decision-making and foster innovation in the sports industry

Attorney digs into the business of sport

Alicia Jessop recalled shadowing a sports editor at a local newspaper in Colorado, where she grew up, but the experience dashed her dreams of being a sports reporter. The editor called out the negative aspects of the field, including what she would face as a woman. It changed her course and pointed her to law school.

The business of sport

An increasing number of undergraduates envision careers in sports that involve them being professional athletes. Attorney Alicia Jessop is a tenured professor at Pepperdine University, California, in the Sport Administration program. There, she teaches sport law, sport sponsorship, and sales and sport finance.

Economic Whirlwinds: Navigating the Business of Sports Through the COVID-19

Abstract Sport is a key sector in the global economy with a strong influence in almost every sphere of business interest. The pandemic of COVID-19 has for a time paralysed all major branches of the economy with effects that are still felt today in some sectors. Sport being a conglomerate of business and connections, new challenges have emerged for all relevant actors involved. From the suspension of leagues to the closure of stadiums, the once-thriving sports business found itself navigating uncharted territories. This article delves into the dynamic realm where the love for sports intersects with the complexities of commerce, exploring how the industry coped with unprecedented challenges and adapted to the ever-evolving global landscape. However, sport is a rather volatile field and able to adapt to economic challenges, for example football, basketball and tennis have managed through various strategies to cope with crisis situations. The pandemic has created new opportunities and transformed the economics of sport.

Globalisation of Professional Sport Finance

The objective of the present paper is to put a milestone on the roadmap toward a global economic system of professional sport, at least as regards its financial dimension, i.e., its model of finance, its ownership, and some new trends in global sport finance. Professional sport went through a radical change during the 1990s when switching from gate receipts to TV rights revenues as its major source of finance and from local/domestic to internationalised/globalised sources of revenue. This change was more marked in European soccer (football) before spreading throughout other professional sport disciplines. In fact, the whole distribution of sport financing was restructured as shown in this paper. Starting from this evidence of the first stage of sport finance globalisation, it appears that new transformations have been at work in sport finance more recently. In particular, soccer moved from globalisation of flows (revenues, finance) to asset globalisation in terms of club ownership. At last, this paper discusses the emergence of new trends in global sport finance such as treating professional (soccer) players as financial assets and crypto-assets penetrating the sports business.

The Business of Sport

The Business of Sport

Erratum. A Typology of Circular Sport Business Models: Enabling Sustainable Value Co-Creation in the Sport Industry

Erratum. A Typology of Circular Sport Business Models: Enabling Sustainable Value Co-Creation in the Sport Industry

Co-producing virtual consumption extraordinary experiences: a netnography of Brazilian NBA fans

The concept of extraordinary experience in the consumer culture tradition it is a seminal theme since 1980. Over the last few decades, discussions have advanced to incorporate virtual ambiance, prosumption abilities, and interaction between peers. Likewise, the consumption of sports leagues has been reframed based on these three emerging themes. Thus, the present study seeks to understand the consumption extraordinary experiences of Brazilian NBA fans through their virtual interactions. To this end, a netnography was carried out between 2018 and 2020 on Twitter. The results point to the overlapping media and sports aspects that allow Brazilian fans of the league to experience liberating or stochastic moments and produce their performances or live adventures with NBA broadcasts. Consequently, such findings endorse the ability of sports league fans to prosume extraordinary experiences aligned with elements that reflect sports business management efforts.

Business strategy of for-profit-oriented sports enterprises in Hungary

AbstractMany sports organisations operate as non-profits, but the emphasis and role of for-profits in this sector cannot be avoided. Today, sports activities are connected to the business sector and generate profit, hence, sports sector is a decisive part of the economy. Sport profile companies differ in their organisational strategy formulation approach. The main focus was to learn more about their strategy approach and market behaviour. 350 sports business organisations were involved in a survey of 3,248 companies, and the Chi-square test, variance analysis, and principal component analysis were applied to the sample. Results showed that 75.7% of the responding sports companies had no written strategic plan. The availability of written strategies seemed to depend on the organisation's scale. The market-following behaviour was confirmed in the case of smaller sports enterprises. Fitness service providers appeared to follow a market-leading behaviour. Growth, investment, and development naturally emerged as essential factors for companies with higher sales revenue and operating sports facilities, and they were relatively less important in sports goods production and trade. Most of the results showed that in the sports business sector, large-scale organisations focus on strategic-related issues more than other players in the industry.

Opportunities to Increase the Resilience of Sports Organisations Through Risk Management

In today's highly globalised world, organisations face a range of risks and challenges on a daily basis. Much of this is determined by the environment in which organisations do business and operate. With the rapid development of sport as a phenomenon of modern times, the impact of such an environment on the business of sport organisations is growing. Thus, in order to meet their objectives, sports organisations are forced to look for ways and tools that will enable them to face new challenges and survive in such an environment. This study will therefore focus on the analysis of the current state of the sports sector, the analysis of the significant influences acting on sports organisations and the importance of implementing elements of risk management in the field of sports business as an important tool for increasing the resilience of sports organisations. The aim is to create a framework overview of the current state of the issue and to identify opportunities for improving the resilience of sports organisations. By being prepared to face future risks, it is possible to ensure the sustainable development of sport organisations, which represent a significant social and economic position in contemporary society.

‘Belonging' within White male-dominated sports business management programmes

ABSTRACT Patriarchal Whiteness dominates the sports sector and sports business university classrooms. This echo effect maintains a cyclical pattern of oppression whereby only certain voices are heard and certain bodies are seen. Belongingness has the power to address injustices and facilitate the feeling of connection that can transcend social identity markers. This paper explores the experiences of students studying a White male-dominated degree in the United Kingdom (UK). In total, 10 sports business management students (undergraduate and postgraduate) were interviewed in relation to gender, race/ethnicity and belonging within their course. Findings demonstrated that belonging was more straightforward for male students who made connections with ease. Sense of belonging, however, was not entirely connected with Whiteness or gender but rather a shared sense of meaning and passion for sport. The subject of sport has the power to unify and facilitate belonging. This study has important ramifications for universities in relation to subject identity, student retention, course design and critical pedagogy.

A Reappraisal on Link between Goodwill and Financial Performance in Sport Industry of Jalandhar

This study presents a comprehensive reconsideration of the subtle relationship between goodwill and financial performance in the sports industry. Traditionally, goodwill has been linked to intangible assets like brand reputation and consumer loyalty, which are difficult to measure. The study explores how goodwill, which is continuously reflected through brand reputation, fan loyalty, functions as a critical asset in improving financial outcomes for sports companies. By evaluating multiple revenue streams like sponsorships, retail sales, broadcast rights, and match day revenues, the study illustrates the mutually beneficial for a goodwill foundation and improved financial success. Furthermore, the study explores the moderating impacts of external factors such as market dynamics, competitive success, and digital media presence, providing a more nuanced picture of how goodwill contributes to long-term financial growth in the sports industry. It investigates how intangible assets like goodwill can be translated into actual financial rewards such as larger sponsorships, bigger ticket sales, and higher television ratings. The study's findings are especially pertinent for sports business owners and industry experts who want to manage the intricacies of managing a team or event in an increasingly competitive market. This reappraisal intends to broaden the debate on sports management and provide concrete lessons for practitioners seeking to harness goodwill as a strategic asset for financial success. Key words: Goodwill, Financial Performance, Sports Industry, Brand Reputation, Fan Loyalty, Sponsorships.

Evaluation of the Effects of the Covid-19 Outbreak on Private Sports Businesses in Batman Province: A Case Study

Purpose –In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak on private sports businesses in Batman province in Turkey. Design /methodology/ approach –The study population of this research, which was designed as qualitative research; During the Covid-19 pandemic process, includes a total of 13 private sports businesses serving in fitness-bodybuilding, sports-for-all-wellness and gymnastics branches under the supervision and supervision of the Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports in Batman City Center. The data of the study were gathered through a semi-structured interview form. In the first part of the interview form consisting of three parts; there are questions about the personal information of the operators, in the second part; there are questions about the field of activity of the private sports business, and in the third part; there are five questions, four structured and one unstructured question. In order to ensure the internal validity of the research, the findings were reviewed by two experts in the field of sports business and management and the main themes were formed. Descriptive and content analysis techniques were utilized in the study. Findings –In the research, it was observed that private sports enterprises were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in three main themes, namely "financial problems", "psychological problems" and "uncertainty", and nine sub-themes under these themes. Discussion –As a result, private sports enterprises were most negatively affected by the Covid-19 outbreak in economic terms. The pandemic caused the operators to experience psychological problems and uncertainty in business management.