Sports Architecture Research Articles

ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONFORTO AMBIENTAL PARA QUADRAS FECHADAS VOLTADAS A ESPORTES DE ALTO RENDIMENTO

Sports architecture, with its particularities, is essential to optimize the efficiency of environments, considering the specific needs of each sport. This article addresses environmental comfort strategies applied to indoor courts intended for high-performance sports, highlighting the importance of an architecturally planned environment to ensure the well-being of athletes and optimize their performance. The study focuses on thermal, visual, acoustic and ergonomic aspects, and analyzes how each of these factors influences sports performance. In addition, it explores the interaction between the body and the physical environment, proposing solutions that favor the creation of functional and comfortable spaces for sports practice and competitive events. The research, of a bibliographic and exploratory nature, brings together concepts of environmental psychology and athletic performance, in addition to highlighting the construction strategies of ventilation, lighting and acoustic control that can be applied to indoor courts with the aim of promoting human well-being. The work proposes solutions so that sports centers offer adequate conditions for sports practice, supporting the creation of environments that favor both the satisfaction and the enhancement of the performance of athletes. From this study, it is possible to define the importance of the preparation and competition environment in the performance of high-performance athletes, and architecture, linked to environmental comfort, is shown to be a tool for the development of these spaces, essential for success in national and international sports competitions.

Thinking of Green, Low Carbon, and Energy-Saving Designs Based on the Variable Ventilation of Natatoriums: Taking the Jiading Natatorium of Tongji University as an Example

With the increasing demand for sports activities, sports architecture is flourishing. Creating a comfortable and healthy fitness environment while reducing energy consumption has become a focus for architects. Taking the Jiading Natatorium at Tongji University in Shanghai as an example, this study researched green energy in the variable ventilation of sports venues. The Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 was used to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analyses on four scenarios of opening and closing the swimming pool’s roof, with ventilation velocity as the primary evaluation indicator to assess the ventilation environment of each scenario. The relationship between the opening ratio of the roof and the ventilation environment of sports buildings was explored. The results showed that when the opening ratio is 37.5%, it achieves good ventilation effectiveness and avoids excessive wind pressure. The study also summarized six common forms of opening and closing roof structures and compared the differences in wind environments of different roof forms. The results indicated that the shape and opening ratio of the roof has a decisive impact on the distribution of indoor wind speed in buildings. Six optimal opening ratios for different roof forms in summer and suitable site conditions were summarized, providing a reference for the design and selection of swimming pool roofs. Furthermore, the wind speed distribution of different roof types showed a trend of gradually becoming uniform with the increase in opening area. However, the position of the wind speed peak is related to the form and size of the roof opening. This research provides valuable references for the low carbon and energy-efficient design of future swimming pool sports buildings.

DYNAMIC SPACES: THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN UKRAINIAN SPORT ARCHITECTURE IN YURIY SEROHIN’S ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

The article explores the pivotal role of sport architecture within the broader context of modern Ukrainian architecture based on the works of the distinguished architect Serohin Y. I. emphasizing its significance as a transformative force that extends beyond mere sporting venues. Delving into the symbiotic relationship between sports infrastructure and urban development, the article investigates how the design and planning of sports facilities play a crucial role in shaping the contemporary architectural identity of Ukraine.

Research on the modernization of the spirit of marathon sports culture based on information dissemination mechanism

Abstract This paper first explores the mechanism of marathon information culture dissemination by first calculating the time required for each layer of receivers to obtain the information and further obtaining the upper bound of the time required for the information to travel throughout the dissemination. The maximum allowable number of transmissions is obtained according to the protocol, and the lower bound of the propagation time is further obtained to find the time range of information propagation. Then, the structure of marathon sports culture is studied, and the marathon sports culture is divided into surface, middle and bottom layers, and the marathon spirit is discussed in depth. Finally, the communication effect of marathon sports culture under new media is analyzed in terms of the ways of communication and the comparison of new media and traditional media content. In the comparison between new media and traditional media, for the content of sports material culture in terms of sports architecture or sports sculpture and sports logo or clothing introduction, traditional media accounted for 11.9% and 9.8%, while new media were 3% and 4% more than traditional media. Among the topics and effects, the top three average reads were the topics of event information, registration and recruitment and brand promotion, with 490,963, 91,563 and 773,243 reads, respectively. The rise of new media has promoted the spread and development of marathon sports culture.

Historic Sports Architecture in the COVID-19 Pandemic Time (UNESCO World Heritage Sites)

In Europe, for more than three millennia, the development of individual disciplines has been accompanied by the evolution of sports facilities. It covers the period from the Ancient Olympic Games to modern sports architecture. The sports architecture heritage, as a magnet for cultural tourism, is evident. Millions of tourists visiting the famous sites are the proof how important these places are for our identity and tradition of European civilization. The most important historic sports facilities are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List: ancient Greek and Roman amphithe-atres, thermal baths, antique arenas. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the tourism sector hard. It is essential to reformulate present rules of the historic sports facilities visits and to consider the future directions of cultural tourism re-development at the UNESCO Heritage Sites. Recently there has been a revival of interests in sports heritage and many tourists want to explore famous landmarks of the past. Despite the pandemic time restrictions, it is also possible at present. However, new actions and policies are required to meet sanitary requirements and recommenda-tions, and rebuild consumer confidence.

Modernism in the Case of Sports Architecture in Yugoslavia

Former state Yugoslavia, after World War II, declared a wish to establish its own social and state system somewhere between capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe, representing a specific area, in the geopolitical, but also cultural sense. New socialist society declared ideals which coincided with the modernists’ promotion of the importance of architecture and architects as creators of the base for social welfare and happiness. More intensive relationships and openness of socialist Yugoslavia to the West than the countries of the so-called Eastern Bloc, architects “infected” by modernist ideas during education in the West Europe and unquestioning and phenomenological support of the system have generated an authentic modern expression. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology as a predominant methodology for this study, we can investigate relations between architecture and socio-economic and cultural conditions. Sports buildings constructed in Yugoslavia, in the beginning, were created in accordance with the state strategy for the development of sport and accordingly promotion of massive physical activities for a wider population. The most influential moments for the development of sports infrastructure correspond to the state strategy for self-promotion to the World as an open society, by using sports success and the organization of international sports manifestations. Yugoslavia successfully applies and gains the most important international sports competitions as the World and European championships in some of the most popular sports, Mediterranean games in Split, University sports games in Zagreb and Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. These international manifestations were used as a chance for remarkable urban and architectural developments and structural changes of the host cities. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socio-economic and cultural conditions will be investigated. Some of the examples from this study have promoted the idea of combined functional uses related to sports, cultural and commercial activities, built under a clear influence of brutalism architectural principles. Others present innovative structural and functional solutions in accordance with the most recent technology of that time which results in some of the most beautiful temples of sports architecture in this part of Europe and wider.

Analysis of thermal comfort in a football stadium designed for hot and humid climates by CFD

Qatar is hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In the field of sports architecture, this is a challenging case study for new design solutions that guarantee the comfort and safety of occupants in such a hot and humid climate. This work analyzes the thermal comfort of a stadium designed for international competitions in Doha, Qatar. The stadium has a total capacity of 47,000 spectators. An external façade protects the occupants from exposure to wind and sunlight, and fresh air and daylight enter the stadium through a semi-open roof. An air conditioning system controls the temperature and humidity on each stadium tier and on the football pitch. Air nozzles in the upper tiers exploit the buoyancy effect for the distribution of cool air, thereby saving energy. A steady-state, multi-region conjugate heat transfer model simulates the interaction between the building and environment using computational fluid dynamics. Six simulations are performed to investigate the thermal comfort in the stadium for different climatic conditions and duty cycles of the air conditioning system. All simulations measure the thermal sensation in the stadium's sectors based on the predicted mean vote and percentage of persons dissatisfied. They also assess the wet-bulb global temperature (WBGT) on the football pitch for the safety of the players, as required by FIFA guidelines. The results reveal that, for an external temperature of up to 48 °C and relative humidity of 70%, the air conditioning system guarantees a sensation of thermal neutrality, and the WBGT remains within the safety limit. When the cooling load is reduced by approximately 50%, most of the stadium's zones maintain thermal neutrality, and the risk of thermal stress to the players remains acceptable. Our research findings identify the conditions necessary to ensure a neutral thermal sensation in semi-open sport architectures, even in an extreme climate with high risk of thermal stress for the occupants.

The Origin and Development of Boxes in Sports Architecture

Since the 1990s, under the pressure of marketing, the box was set up in the NBA (National Basketball Association) arena in the United States, which made the application of the box in the stadium popular. The study of boxes is of far-reaching significance for stadiums and gymnasiums. It not only improves the current situation of poor operation and low utilization rate of stadiums and gymnasiums, but also responds to the needs of consumers for the commerciality and entertainment of stadiums and gymnasiums.

Research on Building Fire Risk Fast Assessment Method Based on Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and SVM

Abstract In order to improve the efficiency of building fire risk assessment, this paper puts forward a new method of fire risk fast assessment based on fuzzy mathematics and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. As the building fire risk factors were considered comprehensive, a flexible and operable fire risk assessment index system was established. Through the analysis of the data from a small number of actual risk assessment project, the thesis obtained the index values, as well as the fire risk scores by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, to get the sample data. And then, the SVM fire risk assessment model trained with the sample data was used for the fire risk assessment of a sports architecture. The assessment result was satisfactory and in good agreement with the actual situation of the building, which proved the feasibility of the method in this paper.

Dobrovićevi nerealizovani projekti političko-sportskog stadiona i fiskulturnog pojasa

Even before the Second World War, sports had a significant role in the popular culture of Belgrade. 1940s were also marked by ambitious ideas for construction of a representative stadium. However, social and political circumstances have equally prevented some monumental designer ideas from coming to fruition. Although the end of the Second World War brought about some fundamental changes in the Yugoslav society, the rise of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia to power did not mean a total separation from the architecture of earlier periods. One of the examples that confirms a continuity and a dialogue with pre­War urbanistic ideas in the field of sports architecture, are the designs of Nikola Dobrović from 1946 for the political/sports stadium near the Belgrade Fortress and the recreation belt from Autokomanda to Banjica. Since these unrealized designs were not subject of detailed historiographical studies, they need to be revisited with more attention in order to determine a potential connection with the pre­War design solutions for similar purposes. Also, it is important to clarify possible reasons for which these designs remained just on paper.

Football Stadiums – Icons of Sports Architecture

Football Stadiums – Icons of Sports Architecture

The Lawn in the Stadium: From Sacred Grove to “Lawn People”

This article is devoted to the problem of studying the lawn as a functional and symbolic element of the sports and entertainment areas. The lawn becomes the main subject of cultural analysis in the history of sport architecture for the first time. The research observes the historical epochs when flora on the whole and the lawn in particular acted as factors in creating the sports and entertainment culture. Sport in ancient times, in the past ages, and in the present day used natural space and vegetation differently. The Antic sport always trampled the surface and did not use the lawn, but this controversial culture has a cult of the sacred grove. The transformation of this Celtic cult led to the appearance of the British lawn tradition. This development involves a surrounding green field for ball games by architectural structures, the selection of which is within the boundaries of the park. In the 20th century, there was the creation of the universal type of stadium where a green football field occupies the central place. Today, a sports lawn is an attribute of the sacred grove, and a wide park space spreads out for private use and becomes technically reproducible. As the result of the study, we are able to designate a large set of problems, the most important of which is the paradox of preserving the symbolic status of the lawn in its physical transformation.

The relation between sport and tourism at the beginning of tourism development – the case of Croatia

This paper aims at contributing to the discussion whether functional relationships existed between tourism and sport in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea in the late 19th and early 20th century as they do today and whether they were interconnected. After the introduction, the paper describes tourism opportunities of the time and draws conclusions based on the research on built sports architecture, sports disciplines, sports associations and sports events that were linked to tourism. In addition to contributing to the knowledge of the history of functional relationships between sport and tourism, the paper raises the question of how much the relationship between tourism and sport has changed in the last hundred years. The research contributes to a better knowledge of sport tourism history, sport tourism heritage and sport as a tourist attraction.

Synergia w architekturze kurortu nadmorskiego – studium przypadku Sopot

Sopot – znany nadbałtycki kurort stanowi znakomite pole badań nowych tendencji kreacji przestrzeni miejskiej w obszarze architektury mieszkaniowej, (pensjonatowej) obiektów ochrony zdrowia oraz rekreacyjno-sportowej, także, co bardzo ważne – relacji miasta i pasma przyplażowego, intensyfikacji komunikacji wewnętrznej pomiędzy dzielnicami dolnej i górnej strefy miejskie oraz komunikacji miedzy miastami w paśmie Aglomeracji Trójmiejskiej. W związku z ambitnymi planami przebudowy przestrzennej tkanki miejskiej w dolnym Sopocie następuje niekorzystne zaburzenia tożsamości krajobrazu miejskiego poprzez przesunięcie środka energetyzujące go przestrzenie publiczne z terenu styku lądu i wody (mola) – na place o charakterze typowo miejskim.

The role, shaping and metamorphosis of sports facilities in Belgrade in the 19th and the 20th century, in relation to the city needs

Every city is a mirror of society and societal activities throughout its history. In its past, Belgrade has witnessed great changes. Over a few decades in the 19th century, it has been transformed from an unarranged town into the capital city of Serbia. Together with the development of the state, inspirations grew to step up with the global developments which involved nurturing of sports disciplines. The sports architecture of Belgrade started in mid­19th century and developed from the first public bathing sites at the Sava river bank, the shooting range at Topčider and the football fields at the Horse Racing Track, changing the shapes and purposes to suit the needs of the city. In the first few decades of the 20th century, tennis court and ice-skating ranks, swimming pools and big stadiums were built, later to be followed by modern sports halls. Through development of sports facilities architecture we can follow a whole series of changes and transformations where some architectural shapes were lost and some new appeared, all while history unravelled in its own inevitable pace.

Building and design of Trkaliste (racetrack): From the first gallop races in 1863 through to the first football pitches in Belgrade at the beginning of the twentieth century

Building of 'Trkalište' as the first Belgrade hippodrome had a significant role in the social and sports life of the capital. A part of the city which used to be on the outskirts starts to change rapidly. With the development and expansion of sports activities in the second half of the nineteenth century Racetrack becomes progressively important, calling for building of the first significant football pitches. The paper outlines the development of the sports facilities in 'Trkalište', from the first track for the gallop races facilitated by Knez Mihailo through to the first football pitches whose building was initiated by the effort and financial means of the greatest Serbian intellectuals of the time. By chronologically analyzing every single pitch, their major architectural features become clearly noticeable. In a very short period they have transformed from disorganized fields into the architectural forms following standards of the Western world. In parallel with the development and urbanization of Belgrade between the two world wars, sports pitches in 'Trkalište' gradually give place to the Technical University, the Svetozar Marković University Library and the Serbian Archive, acquiring new and far more modern forms in the other locations. By analyzing archive materials, newspaper articles and photograph collections the degree of societal and architectural development becomes identifiable. In this respect, this paper is a contribution to the appreciation of the sports architecture which has not had a right place within the frame of the architectural heritage of the period.

A Research on the Gambling of Chinese and Western Sports Architecture Culture

This essay studies the connotation and character of Chinese sports architecture culture as well as its blending of nationality and cosmopolitan via studying literature materials, using theoretical analysis and so on. We found that traditional Chinese sports architecture culture is extensive and profound with great national traits. Under the circumstance of globalization, our traditional culture has gone through the conflict and assimilation of western culture due to their advantages in politics, economy, military and global influence, yet this may provide us an opportunity to adopt latest western conceptions of sports architecture culture and blend it with our conventional ones, to promote the development of traditional Chinese sports architecture culture.

Research on the Development of College Sports Architecture

With the development of higher education, college sports architecture is no exception in the revolution. Due to many factors, such as economic, sports science and technology, the development of Europe and the United States and Japan and other countries of the sports building has been at the forefront of the world. At the same time as the Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries recognize in the mass sports, competitive sports and school sports are abundant, and established a relatively perfect sports club system, at the same time, many large-scale sports events and commercial events are held in Colleges and universities. These are vigorously promoting the construction of college sports architecture. Many college students in Europe and the United States, in the school the sports entertainment facilities in Colleges and universities are available as an important condition for the choice of schools, the quantity and quality of sports facilities has become one of the window to show the strength of the competition, promote the sports facilities in Colleges and universities to develop.

Life and Sport — Analysis on the Influence of Sports Architecture on Urban Development

Sports will bring interests for the urban development, which is the starting point of the paper, then the relationship between urban development, urban landscape environment, urban culture and the sports building is analyzed to reflect on the design demands and the transformation of functional role, moreover the diversified development trend of sports building in the social, economic and cultural development as well as their commensal and harmonious design are proposed.

Analysis of Sports Architecture Technical Philosophy Characteristics

The tide of information era, a great impact and new opportunities is the development of sports buildings. This is mainly reflected in the high technology into the sports architecture field, the application of this information technology makes the development of sports buildings pointing in the direction of intelligent. Twenty-first Centuries is the digital age, the further application of digital technology will make the physical space, construction equipment, construction methods produce tremendous change, and the formation of a new design concept. We can foresee information technology revolution for the influence of sports buildings will influence than any one wave of more rapid and far-reaching. A variety of technical means to industrial society brought about by the leap, making people from the conquest of nature, the consumption of natural environment view. It also brought a series of significant environmental and development issues, forcing the view of environment is re evaluating and understanding. The introduction of a harmony with nature, symbiosis, sustainable development of philosophy of technology, should become the important characteristics of sports architectural design.