Spontaneous Micro Research Articles

Design of a carrier system for gingerols enriched oleoresin tailored for food applications

A spontaneous micro emulsifying carrier system has been designed for enhanced solubility and low surfactant to ginger oleoresin ratio. A range of food-grade excipients was studied, followed by constructing pseudoternary diagrams and optimization by D-optimal mixture design. The final formulation contained 45.5 wt% ginger oleoresin, which was stable for 90 days in accelerated storage, and its water dispersion was stable for 24 h. The mean droplet size was 47.7 nm, with −13.02 mV zeta potential and polydispersity index of 0.22. The in-vitro release study of the developed formulation in a wide range of pH confirmed an enhancement by a minimum of 79.8 % in the solubility of ginger actives over pure ginger oleoresin. Finally, incorporation of the developed formulation in a candied mango product resulted in a substantial enhancement of the flavor, nutraceutical profile, and 90 days in shelf-life at 25 °C when compared with the non-treated product.

Multiband Hypersound Filtering in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals: Adhesion, Resonances, and Periodicity.

The hypersonic phonon propagation in large-area two-dimensional colloidal crystals is probed by spontaneous micro Brillouin light scattering. The dispersion relation of thermally populated Lamb waves reveals multiband filtering due to three distinct types of acoustic band gaps. We find Bragg gaps accompanied by two types of hybridization gaps in both sub- and superwavelength regimes resulting from contact-based resonances and nanoparticle eigenmodes, respectively. The operating GHz frequencies can be tuned by particle size and depend on the adhesion at the contact interfaces. The experimental dispersion relations are well represented by a finite element method model enabling identification of observed modes. The presented approach also allows for contactless study of the contact stiffness of submicrometer particles, which reveals size effect deviating from macroscopic predictions.

Self Microemulsifying Immediate Release Tablet of Azilsartan for Enhanced Dissolution

Azilsartan has solubility problem which leads to low dissolution and hence bioavailability, hence it is necessary to improve solubility of azilsartan. Objective of study was to develop self micro emulsifying tablet of azilsartan to enhance dissolution. Liquid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was prepared using ethyl oleate, Tween 80 and Transcutol P as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. Microemulsion region was predicted by constructing a pseudo-ternary phase diagram containing a different proportion of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Liquid SMEDDS was then converted to solid form (S-SMEDDS) by adsorption technique using Neusilin US2 as a solid carrier and evaluated for various pre-compression micromeritic properties. This S-SMEDDS were then compressed into immediate release tablet. Developed tablet of azilsartan were reconstituted and evaluated for % Transmittance, globule size, zeta potential. Tablets were also evaluated for post compression parameters, in-vitro dissolution study, DSC, XRD and FTIR. Reconstitution properties of self emulsifying tablet showed spontaneous micro emulsification with globule size 210 nm and-37 mV zeta potential. From results of in-vitro dissolution study, it was found that the release of azilsartan was significantly increased as compared with pure azilsartan. Study concluded that dissolution of azilsartan can be significantly improved by formulating it in to self emulsifying tablet for getting improved oral bioavailability.

Formulation and evaluation of solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system using aerosil 200 as solid carrier

Improvement of bio-availability of poorly water soluble drugs presents one of the furthermost challenge in drug formulations. One of the most admired and commercially viable formulation approach for this challenge is solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS). There are many techniques to convert liquid SMEDDS to solid, but an adsorption technique is simple and economic. Hence aim of present study was to develop S-SMEDDS of poorly water soluble drug Telmisartan (TEL) using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Liquid SMEDDS was prepared using Acrysol EL 135, Tween 80 and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant and was converted to S-SMEDDS by adsorbing it on Aerosil 200. Prepared S-SMEDDS was evaluated for flow properties, drug content, reconstitution properties, DSC, SEM, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo intestinal permeability study. Results showed that prepared S-SMEDDS have good flow property with 99.45 ± 0.02% drug content. Dilution study by visual observation showed that there was spontaneous micro emulsification and no sign of phase separation. Droplet size was found to be 0.34 µm with polydispersity index of 0.25. DSC thermogram showed that crystallization of TEL was inhibited. SEM photograph showed smooth surface of S-SMEDDS with less aggregation. Drug releases from S- SMEDDS were found to be significantly higher as compared with that of plain TEL. Ex-vivo intestinal permeability study revealed that diffusion of drug was significantly higher from S-SMEDDS than that of suspension of plain TEL. Study concluded that S-SMEDDS can effectively formulated by adsorption technique with enhanced dissolution rate and concomitantly bioavailability.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i12.12451 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(12): 414-419

Poly(ionic liquid) Complex with Spontaneous Micro-/Mesoporosity: Template-Free Synthesis and Application as Catalyst Support

A facile, template-free synthetic route is reported toward poly(ionic liquid) complexes (PILCs) which for the first time exhibit stable micro-/mesoporous structure. This is accomplished via in situ ionic complexation between imidazolium-based PILs and poly(acrylic acid) in various alkaline organic solvents. The PILC can be highly loaded with copper salts and can be used as a catalytic support for effective aerobic oxidation of activated hydrocarbons under mild conditions.

Quantized Hyperfine Field at an Implantedμ+Site inPrPb3: Interplay between LocalizedfElectrons and an Interstitial Charged Particle

The local effect of an interstitial hydrogenlike particle on localized f electrons was studied in PrPb3 by means of micro+ spin rotation and relaxation. Spontaneous micro+ spin precession with harmonic frequencies was observed for the first time in f electron compounds. We demonstrate that the signal is derived from a coupling between the micro+ spin and the hyperfine-enhanced nuclear spin of nearest neighbor (NN) 141Pr with Ising-like anisotropy. The signal also suggests a marked suppression of spin dynamics of the NN 141Pr in comparison with that of the bulk 141Pr. These facts strongly indicate modification of the f electronic state due to the interstitial charged particle.

THE CONDUCT OF SOME SELECTED YEASTS STRAINS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SOME EXOGENOUS FACTORS

SUMMARY It is already known the fact that in the spontaneou s fermentation that is produced in the sowing absence with the selection yeasts, the indig ene micro flora assures the fermentation process (2). Although the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species with her grate variety is not dominated on the grape surface, when it grows the a lcohol contain of the fermentation must, the yeasts indigene of Saccharomyces type become predominant and ensures the fermentation ending. In the present study, after th e selection of the present yeast strains in the spontaneous micro flora, the identification and the systematic integration of the isolated (1), we have passed to the second level: the conduct che ck of the strains in different environmental conditions (temperature, sugar concentration, and the SO 2 doses). All the tests have been made in comparison with natural fermentation of grape must, separated for each strain. The strains that belong to the Saccharomyces ellipsoideus strain from the spontaneous micro flora show o good fermentation activity when the fermentation temperature is between 18 and 25°C and the maximum sugar concentration from the environment is under 250g/l. The natural concentration that was made in the same environmental conditions show a higher prefermentation and fermentation period and a lower maximum of sugar metabolic process in comparison with the fermentation inducted in the se lection strains. When the grapes were sulfated as a result of a crop that was stroked wit h mould the natural fermentation is developing very slow, so it is required a use of th e selection yeasts, that prove to be very useful in those conditions.

THE USE OF SOME YEATS SACCHAROMYCES TYPE

An important purpose of the scientific investigation in the oenological domain is the isolation of the yeasts strains that are in a viticulture area, the identification of those strains and their integration regarding the taxonomic level, testing their oenological aptitudes and the strains selection that correspond very well to the requires of a managed grape fermentation (1). The modern procedures for obtaining different types of wine in continuo’s and discontinuous systems involve the substitution of the spontaneous micro biota or its association with the selection yeasts in order to dominate and favors the start and the regularization of the fermentative process as well as the efficiency and the quality of the final product (2). The selection yeasts are recommended in current wine production, especially when the grapes production is of inferior quality and the must bisulfate, or when the grapes are excessively washed by rains and poor in yeasts cells. The biological material study was represented by a Saccharomyces oviformis strains isolated from the must that is a fermentation process, the Riesling Italian wine with 9% vol. of alcohol and 35,6g/l residual sugar. Used in the conditions of a 246,8 g/l sugar concentration of the must, the strains SOBM 16 rapidly determined the alcoholic fermentation at a temperature of 18°C of the ambient environment, phenomenon which cannot be observed in the case of natural fermentation, where there are great delays in the fermentation start. The obtained alcohol was 12,9% vol. in comparison to 11,0% vol. in case natural fermentation residual sugar having a 26g/l concentration for the selection strains and 49,3g/l in the case of natural fermentation. The period of time was almost the same, except that the natural fermentation was stopped before all sugars metabolize. In conclusion, the SOBM16 strains can be used with success by the wine producers, having all the necessary characteristics for a selection strains included in Oenological Codex.