Sponsoring Society Research Articles

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Match for Orthopedic Fellowship Programs in the United States: Online Accessibility, Content, and Accreditation Comparison Between Subspecialties and Review of Alternative Resources.

Background: Orthopedic surgery is considered among the highly competitive medical specialties to get in as a career in the United States. San Francisco Match (SF Match) is the matching service for orthopedic subspecialty fellowship programs, and the internet is the main source for applicants to obtain program information in the modern era. We aimed to determine and compare the accessibility, content, and accreditation details of the various orthopedic fellowship programs available at the Match website and alternative online resources.Methods: We studied eight subspecialties (Adult Reconstruction, Musculoskeletal Oncology, Foot and Ankle, Pediatric Orthopedics, Shoulder and Elbow, Orthopedic Spine Surgery, Sports Medicine, and Trauma) in a cross-sectional design during August/September 2019 for programs starting in July/August 2021. We registered the available baseline information at the SF Match site under various categories. We tried to reach the program-specific webpage through SF Match hyperlink and categorized our results into successful (direct and indirect) links and unsuccessful links with subcategorization. We also analyzed the information available at sponsoring society, FREIDA (Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database), and ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) websites.Result: We analyzed 465 programs (874 positions) available through the SF Match website. A standardized program description was available for >80% of the programs in each subspecialty. The availability of a successful link for the program-specific webpage ranges from 35% (Pediatric Orthopedics) to 77% (Sports Medicine). Indirect links were almost twice as common as direct links. The success rates through the sponsoring society webpages vary from 3% (Shoulder and Elbow) to 53% (Pediatric Orthopedics). Failure rates after trying both (the Match and Society links) range from 10% (Musculoskeletal Oncology) to 34% (Shoulder and Elbow). FREIDA provides comprehensive information but is limited to accredited programs. ACGME accreditation rate varied from 14.6% (Foot and Ankle) to 98.9% (Sports Medicine).Conclusion: The selection of a subspecialty fellowship program is crucial for most applicants. There are plenty of resources for the orthopedic fellowship programs' online presence after two decades since the first orthopedic fellowship match inception. Match website is the primary resource for the applicants. All parties could be benefited if both the programs and the sponsoring societies offer adequate online information to the Match, leading to ideal fellow-program matches and improved educational experiences. Our study may stand as a reference for future comparison possibly due to post-COVID evolution in the Match process. We recommend that consistent availability of direct functional program website links, point-based program description, and filter/comparison options may further improve online accessibility and quality of the content of the Match website.

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, a Publication of DEIS

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine is involved, together with its sponsoring society, the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society (DEIS), in providing leadership, coordination, and communication among those who are concerned with dielectric phenomena and measurements and with electrical insulating materials, including their behavior as it affects their use in electrical and electronic apparatus. The Magazine is specifically concerned with publishing articles on the development and characterization of the dielectric, chemical, mechanical, and environmental properties of all vacuum, gaseous, liquid, and solid electrical insulation and with utilization of these materials in circuits and systems under conditions of use. The Magazine is not an alternative to the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation for traditional academic research or review papers.

Editor’s Welcome

Editor’s Welcome

Intellectual, Institutional, and Technological Transitions: Central European History, 2004–2014

Volumes 38 to 47 of Central European History, which appeared from July 2004 to June 2014, represented years of fundamental transition in the life of the journal and of its sponsoring society: then the Conference Group for Central European History, now the Central European History Society. This fundamental transition manifested itself in three forms: institutional formality, both of the journal and of the Conference Group/Society; publishing organization and technology—from the ways in which the editor produced the journal to the ways in which the audience consumed the scholarship it published; and, last but not least, the intellectual focus and content of the history of German-speaking Central Europe that Central European History presented to scholars and students alike. Although the decade presented some unexpected and surprising challenges, all these transitions were already visible in July 2002 when I presented my proposal to become editor of Central European History to the Editor Search Committee, which consisted of Konrad Jarausch, Kees Gispen, and then-editor Kenneth Barkin.

'Addressed to you not as a smoker… but as a doctor': doctor-targeted cigarette advertisements in JAMA.

During the mid-20th century tobacco companies placed advertisements in medical journals to entice physicians to smoke their brand and, more importantly, to recommend it to their patients. They have been little studied, in part because advertising sections in medical journals are almost universally discarded before binding. This study aimed to define the themes and techniques used in doctor-targeted tobacco advertisements that appeared in American medical journals in the mid-20th century and determine the motivations and tactics of the tobacco industry in engaging the medical profession in this way. Doctor-targeted tobacco advertisements from JAMA and the New York State Medical Journal appearing between 1936 and 1953 were studied. These were obtained from the New York Academy of Medicine and the UCSF Truth database of tobacco industry documents. Content analysis of advertising slogans and imagery was conducted. Using internal tobacco industry documents, we examined the relationship between tobacco advertisers and medical journals. Among the 519 doctor-targeted advertisements, 13 brands were represented, with two (Philip Morris and Camel) accounting for 84%. Correspondence between tobacco advertisers and medical journal editors reveals the potent influence of revenue to the sponsoring society and personal compensation derived from consulting arrangements. Content analysis of the advertisements revealed much flattery of doctors and arguments professing the harmlessness of the company's brand. Analysis of doctor-targeted tobacco advertisements in American medical journals from 1936 to 1953 suggest that tobacco companies targeted physicians as a potential sales force to assuage the public's fear of health risks and to recruit them as allies against negative publicity. Tobacco companies also appeared to try, through the substantial advertising revenue passed by journals to their parent medical societies, to temper any possible opposition by organized medicine.

The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update

These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP), representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The AAAAI and ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the JTFPP, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The JTFPP understands that the cost of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents is an important concern that might appropriately influence the work-up and treatment chosen for a given patient. The JTFPP recognizes that the emphasis of our primary recommendations regarding a medication might vary, for example, depending on third-party payer issues and product patent expiration dates. However, because a given test or agent's cost is so widely variable and there is a paucity of pharmacoeconomic data, the JTFPP generally does not consider cost when formulating practice parameter recommendations. In extraordinary circumstances, when the cost/benefit ratio of an intervention is prohibitive, as supported by pharmacoeconomic data, commentary might be provided. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. The JTFPP is committed to ensuring that the practice parameters are based on the best scientific evidence that is free of commercial bias. To this end, the parameter development process includes multiple layers of rigorous review. These layers include the workgroup convened to draft the parameter, the task force reviewers, and peer review by members of each sponsoring society. Although the task force has the final responsibility for the content of the documents submitted for publication, each reviewer comment will be discussed, and reviewers will receive written responses to comments, when appropriate. To preserve the greatest transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest, all members of the JTFPP and the practice parameter workgroups will complete a standard potential conflict of interest disclosure form, which will be available for external review by the sponsoring organization and any other interested individual. In addition, before confirming the selection of a Work Group chairperson, the Joint Task Force will discuss and resolve all relevant potential conflicts of interest associated with this selection. Finally, all members of parameter workgroups will be provided a written statement regarding the importance of ensuring that the parameter development process is free of commercial bias. Practice parameters are available online at www.jcaai.org and www.allergyparameters.org.

A focused parameter update: Hereditary angioedema, acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor–associated angioedema

These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP), representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "A focused parameter update: Hereditary angioedema, acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the JTFPP, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters understands that the cost of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents is an important concern that might appropriately influence the work-up and treatment chosen for a given patient. The JTFPP recognizes that the emphasis of our primary recommendations regarding a medication might vary, for example, depending on third-party payer issues and product patent expiration dates. However, because the cost of a given test or agent is so widely variable and there is a paucity of pharmacoeconomic data, the JTFPP generally does not consider cost when formulating practice parameter recommendations. In some instances the cost benefit of an intervention is considered relevant, and commentary might be provided. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. The Joint Task Force is committed to ensuring that the practice parameters are based on the best scientific evidence that is free of commercial bias. To this end, the parameter development process includes multiple layers of rigorous review. These layers include the Workgroup convened to draft the parameter, the Task Force Reviewers, and peer review by members of each sponsoring society. Although the Task Force has the final responsibility for the content of the documents submitted for publication, each reviewer comment will be discussed, and reviewers will receive written responses to comments when appropriate. To preserve the greatest transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest, all members of the Joint Task Force and the Practice Parameters Workgroups will complete a standard potential conflict of interest disclosure form, which will be available for external review by the sponsoring organization and any other interested individual. In addition, before confirming the selection of a Workgroup chairperson, the Joint Task Force will discuss and resolve all relevant potential conflicts of interest associated with this selection. Finally, all members of parameter workgroups will be provided a written statement regarding the importance of ensuring that the parameter development process is free of commercial bias.

Yesterday's Flashpoint, Today's Accepted Wisdom [Editorial

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NEA) recently held a workshop in Washington D.C. on the topic Social Justice, and Sustainable Community Development. The event was convened by the NEA's Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society, and brought together practicing engineers, academics, and government officials to discuss ongoing projects, educational issues, and plans to implement new initiatives. The meeting was lively and informative, and most of the discussions centered around the kinds of ideas typically found in the pages of IEEE Technology & Society Magazine. We discovered that the invitees included at least four past and present T&S editors, and one board member of our sponsoring society, IEEE SSIT.

6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing

Organised by the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials (KIM), PRICM-6 took place in the Jeju International Convention Centre (ICC). Opened in 2003, the ICC is located on the oceanfront, with a fantastic 270u view from inside the building around to the towering mountain in the centre of the island (Fig. 1). Since the first meeting in Hangzhou, China in June 1992, PRICM conferences have been sponsored by the Chinese Society for Metals (CMS), the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) and the Japan Institute of Metals – held triennially and organised by each society in rotation. The Institute of Materials Engineering Australia (IMEA) was selected as the fifth sponsoring society during the Jeju conference. An opening address by Professor Young Won Chang, as chairman of the international organising committee of PRICM-6, was followed by statements of congratulation from the international organising committee members of each sponsoring society. The plenary session continued with five keynote presentations on behalf of each society: N ‘Deformation induced ferrite transformation in microalloyed steels: theory and applications’ by Professor Yuqing Weng, CMS N ‘Improvements and innovations in the continuous casting process at POSCO’ by Dr Oh Joon Kwon, POSCO, Korea N ‘Materials science at the intersections of engineering, biology and medicine’ by Professor Subra Suresh, MIT, USA N ‘TiNi-base and Ti-base shape memory alloys’ by Professor Shuichi Miyazaki, University of Tsukuba, Japan N ‘Progress in light alloy design and processing’ by Professor Barry Muddle, Monash University, Australia. The conference technical sessions contained a total of 1200 papers, comprising 730 oral presentations in 78 sessions covering 19 topics and 470 papers in two poster sessions. Participants were from 31 countries, a record for PRICM, as was the number of papers presented. The 19 session topics were: N Advanced ferrous alloys N Light metals N Intermetallics and high temperature alloys N Advanced ceramics N Composite materials N Advanced forming and processing N Advanced melt processing, casting and joining N Magnetic, electronic and optical materials N Thin film materials and processing N Amorphous and quasicrystalline materials, nanocrystalline materials N Biomaterials, smart materials and structures N Fuel cells and hydrogen storage materials N Ecomaterials and porous materials N Energetic particles – materials interactions and nuclear materials N Modelling and simulation of materials and processes N Materials characterisation and evaluation N Damage evaluation and life assessment N Phase transformation and their applications N Interfaces and surface engineering. Highlights of the session on ‘Interfaces and surface engineering’, which is of direct relevance to readers of IHTSE, included presentations on: N Coating of Ni/Cu multilayered films N HVOF thermal spray coating of WC–Co powder N Erosion-corrosion performance of HVOF sprayed coating N Cold spray technique N Fatigue crack growth behaviour by water cavitation peening N Low temperature carburised layer on AISI 304L stainless steel N Pack boronising of Co–Cr–W–C alloy N Improvement of surface roughness on polymer materials N Al surface coating on Mg alloys by metallisation N Plasma electrolytic oxidation of Mg N Al2O3–YAG nanocomposite coatings N High current pulsed electron beam treatment N Chemical bonding of metal/ceramic interfaces N First-principles calculations of Ni/ Al2O3 interfaces N TEM characterisation of grain boundary of Al2O3 N Twin-induced grain boundary engineering N Interface faceting in polycrystals N Abnormal grain growth in electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni N Cr matrix composite plated with nanosized diamond powders N Dislocation structure analysis low tilt grain boundaries N Subsurface microstructure induced by sliding wear N Effect of surface on recrystallisation. Delegates had the opportunity to enjoy the unique cultural heritage and the natural beauty of Jeju Island during the Conference, in addition to the technical programs, welcome reception and banquet.

MO‐E‐230A‐02: Intellectual Property ‐ Medical Physics

Every medically‐oriented scientific journal is confronted with a fundamental conflict. The journal exists for the purpose of disseminating information produced by authors to others who may be able to use the information to enhance their own research, education programs or clinical practices. Journals and the information they disseminate contribute in a substantial way to progress in science, education and the clinical practice of medicine. Articles published in a legitimate scientific journal have high credibility because they are from identified authors, are peer‐reviewed, and are integrated within the literature related to the topics of the articles. The conflict in this process arises because articles contain information that belongs to the authors and the authors' institutions, and may represent intellectual property that will ultimately be marketed commercially. The journal has an obligation to protect this property and its potential value to the authors and institutions. This protection is provided by the journal's copyright over the information. When this protection is compromised by plagiarism of the article's information by another author, the journal must be prepared to act through enactment of a plagiarism policy approved, in the case of Medical Physics, by the journal's Board of Editors and by the sponsoring society (American Association of Physicists in Medicine). It is possible for authors to plagiarize their own work, through duplicate publication in more than one journal. For this purpose, Medical Physics requires submission of a Conflict of Interest statement that includes disclosure of an article's publication elsewhere before submission to Medical Physics.

Building a Bridge to the Future

SPE is a sponsoring society of Engineers Week 2006 (19–25 February), which raises public awareness of engineers' positive contributions to our quality of life and promotes engineering careers to students. SPE encourages all sections and chapters to undertake career events in local schools during Engineers Week. Each February, Engineers Week reaches students, teachers, parents, and community groups to promote recognition of the importance of a technical education and a high level of math, science, and technology literacy. We want to motivate youths to pursue engineering careers in order to provide a diverse, vigorous, and informed engineering workforce. The "We" in Week is a formal coalition of more than 70 engineering, education, and cultural societies and more than 50 corporations and government agencies. Founded in 1951 by the Natl. Soc. of Professional Engineers, Engineers Week traditionally is celebrated at the time of George Washington's birthday in February, honoring the first U.S. President, a military engineer and land surveyor. But Engineers Week has expanded beyond its U.S. roots. Recognizing that engineering is a global enterprise for the benefit of a global community, Engineers Week programs and materials are accessible to those outside the U.S. as well. The Engineers Week model that has been successful in the U.S. is being used in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and the Asia Pacific region. Most recently, an outreach program called "Shape the Future" was launched in the U.K. The "Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day" event launched in 2001 is growing throughout the world. We will hold our second 24-hour online "Global Marathon for, by, and About Women in Engineering" on 24 March 2006. At www.eweek.org, you will find translations of hands-on activities to conduct with young students in Spanish, Mandarin, Portuguese, German, and Russian. We are working to translate additional information. Reaching Out to Educators A new project to reach teachers is being launched in 2006 called "Connecting Educators to Engineering." Where prior outreach efforts had focused directly on students, influencing the lives of tens of thousands, "Connecting Educators to Engineering" will form new relationships with tens of thousands of teachers, guidance counselors, and school administrators. In that way, we hope to influence the future academic paths of millions of students. For added impact, we are focusing on the middle school years (ages 12–14), because this is the formative period that researchers have determined to be pivotal to the development of future math, science, and technology majors. In concept, "Connecting Educators to Engineering" is simple. Working scientists, engineers, and advanced technologists contact local middle school educators to:Build engineering concepts into the existing curriculum.Develop new technical curricula.Serve as role models for students.Speak to classes about the true nature of modern engineering work and the realities of the engineering workplace.Organize after-class activities and field trips.Serve as technical resources and advisers.

Journal policy on ethics in scientific publication

Medical journals aspire to select, through peer review, the highest quality science, and their reputations depend on the trust of readers, authors, researchers, reviewers, and patients. Almost every aspect of this process involves important ethical principles and decisions, which are seldom explicitly stated and even less often shared with the readership. A comprehensive policy on publication ethics is summarized in this article. A few of the topics addressed are study design; research subject consent; definitions and responsibilities of authorship; declaration of paid writers; types of potential conflicts of interest; management of conflicts of interest on the part of authors, journal reviewers, and members of the editorial board; blinding and confidentiality of peer review; assessment of peer review quality; public identification of degree of peer review of various portions of the journal; criteria for manuscript decisions; management of author appeals; definitions of prior publication; plagiarism; criteria for advertising and relationship between advertising and editorial matter; allegations of misconduct and journal policies for responding to them; and the relationship of the journal to the sponsoring society. Our goal in publishing these policies is to make the guiding ethical principles of this journal accessible to all of our readers and contributors. [Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41:82-89.]

Fleeting paradigms in dielectrics and electrical insulation. A personal point of view of recent TDEI history

An overview is given of the drastic changes in both measurement technology and interpretation of the obtained data, related to the fields of dielectrics and electrical insulation in general. A history is given of the Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI), mainly of the last quarter century, with tables indicating individual contributions by many people, many members of the sponsoring society, the DEIS.

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for December 2001

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for December 2001

A Forty Year History 1960–2000

A Forty Year History 1960–2000

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for July 2000

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for July 2000

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for May 2000

This month in J Lab Clin Med: Issue highlights for May 2000

Israeli Television's Fiftieth Anniversary "Tekumma" Series: A Post-Zionist View?

Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Institute for Palestine Studies Article DOI: 10.2307/2538133 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2538133 ©1998 by The Regents of the University of California. Copying and permissions notice: Authorisation to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by [the Regents of the University of California/on behalf of the Sponsoring Society] for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® on [JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org/r/ucal)] or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center, http://www.copyright.com

MANAGING A PUBLICATION

Pediatrics, the Academy's official journal, came into being in 1948. Its establishment signified the effort of the Academy and the pediatric academic community to create an outstanding scientific publication in the field of pediatrics. Through the past 25 years this goal was achieved and maintained under the editorial direction of three eminent and respected editors: Dr. Hugh McCulloch, Dr. Charles May, and Dr. Clement Smith. In the same period, there have been accomplishments in the publishing and management of the journal which have facilitated Academy objectives. Basic factors which sustain a scientific journal include scientific papers of high quality, the interest of authors in advancing and diffusing knowledge, and a broad readership supportive of the journal and the goals of the sponsoring society.