Sponge Group Research Articles

Fish collagen sponge with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic wound repair in rats.

Stem cell therapy offers a novel approach to treating difbetic foot ulcers. Fish skin decellularized matrix, a type I collagen, provides a promising carrier for stem cells, creating a supportive microenvironment that enhances cell survival and therapeutic potential. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) loaded onto a fish collagen sponge for wound healing in diabetic rats. The study evaluates stem cell-loading efficiency with fish collagen sponge in vitro, assesses material distribution on diabetic rat wounds, and establishes a wound model. Rats are divided into the Self-healing group, Fish collagen sponge group, and Sponge loaded with HUCMSCs group. Therapeutic effects are evaluated through various analyses, including histopathology and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for collagen-related gene expression levels. Compared to the self-healing group, both the fish collagen group and the composite group show faster wound repair and improved healing outcomes. The composite group exhibits superior wound healing quality, with fish collagen contributing to enhanced tissue regeneration through collagen regulation at the wound site. Loading HUCMSCs onto a fish collagen sponge shows promise for treating diabetic wounds by addressing nutrient deficiency and cell supply issues, offering potential benefits for patients undergoing treatment.

The effects of chlorhexidine gel and tranexamic acid application after tooth extraction on the risk of alveolar osteitis formation: a double blind clinical study.

Alveolar osteitis(AO), one of the most common complications occurring in 1-10% of cases following tooth extraction, occurs due to the disruption of clot formation in the extraction socket. This study aims to evaluate the effect of using absorbable gelatin sponge, chlorhexidine gel, and tranexamic acid agents on the development of AO following extraction. Between March and October 2023, the teeth of 98 healthy patients (average age: 38, range: 19-62) with extraction indications were extracted at Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 113 extraction sockets(85 molars and 28 premolars) were randomly treated with absorbable gelatin sponge(AGS), chlorhexidine gel with AGS, and tranexamic acid with AGS. Pain and edema levels were recorded using visual analog scale(VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 by the patients. Additionally, presence of halitosis, trismus and exposed bone was noted on forms on 3rd and 7th days (recorded as present or absent). The study prospectively aimed to prevent AO using 3 different dental agents in the extraction sockets. Statistical analyses of the study were conducted using the SPSS software package. Alveolitis was observed in 12 out of 113 tooth extractions(%10.6). Pain and edema scores significantly decreased in absorbable gelatin sponge group on the 7th day (p < 0.05). Pain score on the 7th day in chlorhexidine group and age, edema score on the 7th day in tranexamic acid group, were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05). Incidence of AO, can be reduced by placing agents in the extraction socket, preventing post-extraction pain experienced by patients. NCT06435832.

Synchronization of Ovulation and Fixed Time Breeding in Tellicherry Goats

Background: Reproductive management of goats on large scale becomes difficult due to contributing reasons like poor estrus expression, lack of heat detection techniques, etc. Synchronization of ovulation has significantly improved the conception in cows. However, such investigations are lacking in goats. Hence, an experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of different ovulation synchronization protocols on kidding and fecundity rates in Tellicherry goats during winter and summer seasons. Methods: The study was conducted in 240 does of 60 days postpartum period in two different seasons and investigated the efficacy of different protocols, The efficacy of intravaginal sponge (group I), Ovsynch (group II), Ovsynch with sponge (group III), Co synch (group IV), Co synch with sponge (group V) and control (group VI) on kidding and fecundity rate following fixed time breeding (NS/AI) was investigated in Tellicherry goats. Result: The overall kidding rate recorded during winter season in natural service (NS) was 80.00 and Artificial Insemination (AI) it was 70.00 per cent and in summer season it was 60.00 and 55.00 per cent, respectively. During winter season the fecundity rates observed were 1.70, 1.60, 1.75, 1.60, 1.60 and 1.40 in group I, II, III, IV, V and VI, respectively. The corresponding values during summer season were 1.55, 1.40, 1.60, 1.45, 1.50 and 1.10, respectively. From this study, the ovsynch with intravaginal sponge protocol found to be an effective protocol for ovulation synchronization in Tellicherry goats.

Gene networks governing the response of a calcareous sponge to future ocean conditions reveal lineage-specific XBP1 regulation of the unfolded protein response.

Marine sponges are predicted to be winners in the future ocean due to their exemplary adaptive capacity. However, while many sponge groups exhibit tolerance to a wide range of environmental insults, calcifying sponges may be more susceptible to thermo-acidic stress. To describe the gene regulatory networks that govern the stress response of the calcareous sponge, Leucetta chagosensis (class Calcarea, order Clathrinida), individuals were subjected to warming and acidification conditions based on the climate models for 2100. Transcriptome analysis and gene co-expression network reconstruction revealed that the unfolded protein response (UPR) was activated under thermo-acidic stress. Among the upregulated genes were two lineage-specific homologs of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a transcription factor that activates the UPR. Alternative dimerization between these XBP1 gene products suggests a clathrinid-specific mechanism to reversibly sequester the transcription factor into an inactive form, enabling the rapid regulation of pathways linked to the UPR in clathrinid calcareous sponges. Our findings support the idea that transcription factor duplication events may refine evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways and contribute to ecological success.

Multihydrogen Bond Modulated Polyzwitterionic Removable Adhesive Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Hemostatic Function for Wound Healing.

Wound management is a major challenge worldwide, placing a huge financial burden on the government of every nation. Wound dressings that can protect wounds, accelerate healing, prevent infection, and avoid secondary damage continue to be a major focus of research in the health care and clinical communities. Herein, a novel zwitterionic polymer (LST) hydrogel incorporated with [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA), mussel-inspired N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide (THMA), and lithium magnesium salt was prepared for functional wound dressings. The incorporation of the THMA monomer containing three hydroxyl groups gives the hydrogel suitable adhesion properties (∼6.0 KPa). This allows the LST zwitterionic hydrogels to bind well to the skin, which not only protects the wound and ensures its therapeutic efficacy but also allows for painless removal and reduced patient pain. Zwitterionic sulfobetaine units of SBMA provide antimicrobial and mechanical properties. The chemical structure and microscopic morphology of LST zwitterionic hydrogels were systematically studied, along with their swelling ratio, adhesion, and mechanical properties. The results showed that the LST zwitterionic hydrogels had a uniform and compact porous structure with the highest swelling and mechanical strain of 1607% and 1068.74%, respectively. The antibacterial rate of LST zwitterionic hydrogels was as high as 99.49%, and the hemostatic effect was about 1.5 times that of the commercial gelatin hemostatic sponges group. In further studies, a full-thickness mouse skin model was selected to evaluate the wound healing performance. Wounds covered by LST zwitterionic hydrogels had a complete epithelial reformation and new connective tissue, and its vascular regenerative capacity was increased to about 2.4 times that of the commercial group, and the wound could completely heal within 12-13 days. This study provides significant advances in the design and construction of multifunctional zwitterionic hydrogel adhesives and wound dressings.

Clinical study of iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge in treatment of periapical inflammation

The purpose of this research was to observe the clinical effect of iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge for the treatment of periapical inflammation with lesions larger than 10 mm and undeveloped apical foramen. 26 teeth from 25 patients with periapical inflammation meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into two groups with 13 teeth per group. In collagen sponge group, the apical barrier was performed using iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge, and in non-collagen sponge group was only treated with iRoot-BP. Patients in two groups were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively, and the therapeutic effect was judged according to the clinical and imaging findings. The prognosis of periapical lesions indicated that there were 13 of treated teeth in collagen sponge group and 11 of treated teeth in non-collagen sponge group show no signs of clinical or radiographic failure (χ2 = 2.167, p = 0.14). The observation results of continued root growth suggested that the average root growth of collagen group was 2 mm, while no continuous root growth was observed in non-collagen sponge group (p &lt; 0.05). Application of iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge has obvious advantages in treatment of large-scale periapical inflammation with undeveloped apical foramen, which can promote the formation of immature roots closer to the normal roots.

Evaluation of Rosuvastatin Solution in Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Repair: An In Vivo Research Study

Statins have demonstrated positive results in alveolar repair after induced osteoporosis in humans and rats. This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic potential of rosuvastatin (RSV) solution associated with collagen sponge in post-extraction rat alveoli. An experimental study was carried out at the Fluminense Federal University in 30 Wistar rats (female) randomly distributed into three experimental groups: group I—dental sockets filled with a blood clot (CS); group II—dental sockets filled with collagen sponge (EC); and group III—collagen sponge associated with RSV. Slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used for histomorphometric analysis to evaluate newly formed bone, connective tissue, and biomaterial in the respective groups, comparing them over different periods (7 and 42 days). The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to evaluate the same experimental period, and the Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the different periods between the groups. At 7 days, the clot group showed greater new bone formation (median 23.27; IQR 10.62–4.74) than the sponge group (median 2.25; IQR 3.42–1.53) and RSV group (median 0; IQR 0–0; p = 0.03), respectively. At 42 days, the clot group (median 63.90; IQR 7.54–3.73) showed better results regarding newly formed bone compared to the RSV group (median 26.33; IQR 4.78–2.24; p = 0.003). The present study demonstrated no advantages in the use of RSV in relation to the control group and no statistical difference between groups II and III.

Aligned cryogel fibers incorporated 3D printed scaffold effectively facilitates bone regeneration by enhancing cell recruitment and function.

Reconstructing extensive cranial defects represents a persistent clinical challenge. Here, we reported a hybrid three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffold with modification of QK peptide and KP peptide for effectively promoting endogenous cranial bone regeneration. The hybrid 3D printed scaffold consists of vertically aligned cryogel fibers that guide and promote cell penetration into the defect area in the early stages of bone repair. Then, the conjugated QK peptide and KP peptide further regulate the function of the recruited cells to promote vascularization and osteogenic differentiation in the defect area. The regenerated bone volume and surface coverage of the dual peptide-modified hybrid scaffold were significantly higher than the positive control group. In addition, the dual peptide-modified hybrid scaffold demonstrated sustained enhancement of bone regeneration and avoidance of bone resorption compared to the collagen sponge group. We expect that the design of dual peptide-modified hybrid scaffold will provide a promising strategy for bone regeneration.

Effectiveness of Tepid Water Sponge With Fever Plaster Compresse on Reducing Body Themperature In Child Patient

Most fevers in children are the result of changes in the heat center (thermoregulation) in the hypothalamus. Fever can be treated pharmacologicially and non-pharmacologically. There are various non-pharmacological therapies, one of which is using tepid water sponge therapy and fever compress plaster fever. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the tepid water sponge on decreasing body temperature, the effectinevess of the fever compress plaster on reducing body temperature and the effectiveness of the tepid water sponge with fever compress plaster on reducing body temperature. The design of this study used a two-group pretest-posttest design aproach, the number of samples was 20 respondents which were divided into10 respondents in the tepid water sponge group and 10 respondents in the fever compress plaster group using the accidental sampling method. Data analysis in this study used paired sample t-test with observation sheet measuring instrument. The result showed a decrease in the average temperature of 0,7°C in the tepid water sponge group and 0,1°C in the fever compress plester group. For the result of analysis in the tepid water sponge group the ƿ value was 0,000 and the t count was 12,124. The fever compress plaster group got ƿ value 0,037 and t count 2, 449. Which means that there was a difference in the decrease in body temperature after the tepid water sponge and compress plaster with a p-value &lt;0.05. Tepid water sponge is more effective in lowering body temperature compared to compress plaster.

The effect of bone morphogenetic proteins BMP in comparison with A Xenograft in the management of bone defects

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (rhBMP), carried on a gelatin sponge scaffold in comparison with the Xenograft BioOss® in the management of bone defects. Case presentation: The case is a one-year-old rabbit that had 4 identical holes 5*5 mm within the femur bone, BMP2 was placed within the first hole with a gelatin sponge, and the second defect was left empty. A gelatin sponge was placed alone within the third hole, and a BioOss® graft was placed within the last defect. The radiographic evaluation was conducted (1 and 2) months after the surgical work, and the histological assessment was conducted two months after the surgical work. Results: The results of the radiographic evaluation found that healing the BMP2 hole was better than healing in the empty and the gelatin sponge group holes. There was no big difference between the healing in the holes filled with rhBMP2 with gelatin sponge and the healing in the holes filled with BioOss®. Conclusion: The use of a gelatin sponge impregnated with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins improves and accelerates the healing of bone defects and is comparable to the effectiveness of using a BioOss® graft.

Effects of degradation products from gelatin spongy scaffolds on angio-osteogenic capacity

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether degradation products from spongy gelatin scaffolds can enhance angiogenesis and orthotopic bone regeneration. Spongy gelatin disks were prepared using gelatin solution concentrations ranging from 1% to 7% (v/w) within cylindrical tubes through programmed freezing, lyophilization, cutting, and dehydrothermal crosslinking and implanted in critical-sized defects of rat calvaria for up to 8 weeks. Analyses of disk implantation into rat calvaria defects by microfocus X-ray computed tomography and histomorphometry indicated that the bone volume was significantly larger in the 5% and 7% gelatin sponge groups than in the 1% and 3% gelatin sponge groups and tended to increase progressively from 5% to 7%. The histomorphometric analysis also showed that the largest number of new vessels was formed in the defect treated with 5% gelatin sponge compared to other gelatin sponges. Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) indicated that the gelatin concentration in the disks affected the appearance of MMP-2 and MMP-9 positive cells around the skeleton of the gelatin sponges. The degradation products of gelatin by MMP-9 and prolyl endopeptidase enhanced the formation of a capillary-like structure in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. These results suggested that the higher-density gelatin sponges tended to supply their own molecules via biodegradation, resulting in enhanced orthotopic osteogenesis through the expected function of gelatin molecules in angiogenesis and bone formation.

Effects of rhBMP-2 with various carriers on maxillofacial bone regeneration through computed tomography evaluation

BackgroundrhBMP-2 is regarded as the most potent osteoinductive growth factor, and it has been used in the oral cavity with different carriers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bone-regenerative effect of rhBMP-2 delivered with different carrier systems through three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography analysis.MethodA total of 112 patients underwent oral surgery with rhBMP-2 application (Group 1, n = 53) or without rhBMP-2 application (Group 2, n = 59). Group 1 was divided into 3 groups according to carriers, rhBMP-2 with allograft (Group 1–1, n = 34), rhBMP-2 with xenograft (Group 1–2, n = 5), and rhBMP-2 with absorbable collagen sponge (Group 1–3, n = 14). Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken before surgery (T0) 6 months after surgery (T1). The volume of defects was measured through the three-dimensional image analysis tool.ResultsThe average bone regeneration rate of Group 1 was significantly greater than that of Group 2. Within Group 1, the group that used allograft as a carrier (Group 1–1) showed significantly higher bone regeneration rates than the group that used absorbable collagen sponge as a carrier (Group 1–3).ConclusionThe use of rhBMP-2 after oral surgery results in a superior bone regeneration rate compared to not using rhBMP-2, and its efficacy depends on the carriers it is used with. Allograft affects bone regeneration more than absorbable collagen sponge when it is carried with rhBMP-2. Therefore, the appropriate use of rhBMP-2 with suitable bone grafting materials is useful for promoting postoperative bone regeneration in oral surgery.

Comparison the effect of gelatin sponge and epinephrine-soaked gauze for hemostasis and pain control after hemorrhoidal surgery

Post-operative pain and bleeding are the main complications following hemorrhoidal surgery. This study aimed to investigate whether an absorbable gelatin sponge is a superior hemostatic and analgesic agent compared to gauze soaked in epinephrine for post-hemorrhoidal surgery care. A retrospective study was conducted using data from a single institute. Data were collected from the electronic medical record database and outpatient patient questionnaire archive. The study encompassed 143 patients who received gauze soaked in epinephrine as the hemostatic agent after hemorrhoidal surgery and 148 patients who received an absorbable gelatin sponge. Most patients underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy, with 119 (83.2%) in epinephrine group and 118 (79.7%) in gelatin sponge group. The primary outcome measurements were postoperative pain score, oral analgesic dosage and complications. Patients in the absorbable gelatin sponge group reported significantly lower pain scores from 8 h after their hemorrhoidal surgery (postoperative day 0) through postoperative day 2. The average pain scores in the absorbable gelatin sponge group and gauze soaked in epinephrine group were 5.3 ± 3.2 and 6.2 ± 3.2 (p = 0.03) on postoperative 8 h; 4.7 ± 3.0 and 5.8 ± 2.9 (p ≤ 0.01) on postoperative day one; and 4.4 ± 2.8 and 5.3 ± 2.9 (p = 0.01) on postoperative day two, respectively. There were no significant differences in postoperative recovery or complication rates between the two groups. Our study revealed that absorbable gelatin sponges provide more effective pain relief to patients during the initial postoperative days after hemorrhoidal surgery, without any adverse impact on patient outcomes. Consequently, absorbable gelatin sponges are recommended as a replacement for gauze soaked in epinephrine following hemorrhoidal surgery.

Comparisons of the effects of silk elastin and collagen sponges on wound healing in murine models

IntroductionsSilk elastin, a recombinant protein with repeats of elastin and silk fibroin, possesses a self-gelling ability and is a potential wound dressing material. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of the wound healing-promoting effect of silk elastin by comparing its in vivo behavior in a mouse wound model with that of a collagen sponge. MethodsSkin defects (8 mm in diameter) were created on the backs of C57BL/6J and BKS.Cg- + Lepr/+Lepr db male mice. Silk elastin sponges of 2.5 or 5.0 mm thickness, as well as collagen sponges, were placed on the wounds and secured with a polyurethane film. In the control group, only the polyurethane film was applied. The remaining wound area was grossly evaluated, and tissue samples were collected after 7, 14, and 21 days for histological evaluation, including neoepithelialization, wound contraction, granulation tissue formation, newly formed capillaries, and macrophages. Genetic analysis was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction. ResultsIn the study with C57BL/6J, there were no significant differences between the silk elastin and collagen sponge groups. Similarly, in the study using BKS.Cg- + Lepr/+Lepr db, no significant differences were found in the remaining wound area and granulation tissue formation between the silk elastin and collagen sponge groups. However, on day 14, the 5.0-mm-thick silk elastin sponge group showed increased macrophages, longer neoepithelialization, and more frequent angiogenesis compared to other groups. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and arginase-1 was also higher in the 5.0 mm thick silk elastin sponge group. ConclusionsSilk elastin sponges demonstrated superior neoepithelialization and angiogenesis compared to collagen sponges. The results suggest that silk elastin and collagen sponges promote wound healing through different mechanisms, with silk elastin possibly enhancing wound healing by facilitating increased macrophage migration. Further studies are needed, but silk elastin shows great potential as a versatile wound dressing material.

An oversized, late-surviving reticulosan sponge from the Carboniferous of Ireland

Cyathophycus is one of the most widespread reticulosan sponges in Ordovician to Devonian rocks, but was mostly limited to the Iapetus region during the Ordovician and Silurian periods. Having an unfused skeleton, these sponges require an element of exceptional preservation (abrupt burial as a minimum) to enter the fossil record. Most species are a few centimetres in size, and found in muddy offshore environments. A new species of Cyathophycus, C. balori nov. sp., from the Kilkee Cyclothem of the Namurian Central Clare Group of County Clare, Ireland, substantially extends the stratigraphic range of the genus into the upper Palaeozoic. At more than 50 cm in height, the new species is the largest known Cyathophycus, and one of the largest reticulosan sponges. The sponges are found abundantly as monospecific assemblages in a particular band of laminated mudstone in prodelta cyclothem deposits. This unexpected discovery reveals a new component to Carboniferous prodeltaic ecosystems, and is further evidence that early sponge groups persisted in some unusual and marginal environments.

Risk of bleeding in anticoagulated patients undergoing dental extraction treated with topical tranexamic acid compared to collagen-gelatin sponge: Randomized clinical trial

This two-arm, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized clinical trial design evaluated the risk of postoperative bleeding in anticoagulated patients undergoing dental extraction treated with topical TXA in comparison to collagen-gelatin sponge. Forty patients were randomly included in one of the study groups: (1) topical use of 4.8% TXA solution; and (2) resorbable hydrolyzed collagen-gelatin sponge applied to the surgical alveolus. Primary outcomes were postoperative bleeding episodes and secondary outcomes were thromboembolic events and postoperative INR values. The relative risk (RR), the absolute risk reduction (RAR) and the number needed to treat (NNT) were used as effect estimates and calculated from the counting of bleeding episodes observed during the first postoperative week. The bleeding rate under the TXA treatment was 22.2%, while in the collagen-gelatin sponge group it was 45.7%, resulting in a RR of 0.49 (95% CI 0.24–099; p = 0.046), RAR 23.5% and NNT 4.3. TXA was more effective in reducing bleeding in surgical sites located in the mandible (RR = 0.10; 95% CI 0.01–0.71; p = 0.021) and the posterior region (RR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.18–0.84; p = 0.016). Within the limitations of the study it seems that topical TXA is more effective in controlling bleeding after tooth extractions in anticoagulated patients than collagen-gelatin sponge. Clinical trial registrationRBR-83qw93.

Effect of Bioabsorbable Poly (dl-Lactide ε-Caprolactone) on Healing of Experimentally Injured Acute Traumatic Middle Ear Mucosa Damage.

Postoperative adhesion is an important complication after middle-ear surgeries. Although many materials have been tried to prevent this complication, the use of Poly (dl-lactide ε-caprolactone) as an anti-adhesive material after middle-ear surgery has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-adhesive effect of poly (dl-lactide ε-caprolactone) on the ears of rats with middle-ear mucosa damage. In our study, 14 Wistar albino rats and 28 ears in total were used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Middle ear mucosa damage was performed in all groups with a transcanal approach under otomicroscopy in sterile conditions. The effects of poly (dl-lactide ε-caprolactone), silicone sheet, and absorbable gelatin sponge were compared histologically with the secondary healing group. In addition, hearing evaluation was performed before the procedure and on the 28th postoperative day. No significant difference was observed in transient otoacoustic emission and distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests performed before and after the surgical procedure when the groups were compared. While adhesion was observed in the tympanic membrane in the absorbable gelatin sponge group, no adhesion was observed in the other groups. In the absorbable gelatin sponge group, increased fibroblastic activity, inflammation, and neovascularization were observed in the middle-ear mucosa. No significant difference was observed in silicone sheet, poly (dl-lactide ε-caprolactone), and control groups in terms of fibroblastic activity, inflammation, and neovascularization. It can be concluded that absorbable poly (dl-lactide ε-caprolactone) is nonototoxic and biocompatible with the rat's middle ear cavity by short-term evaluation.

Perbedaan Kompres Bawang Merah dan Tepid Sponge terhadap Penurunan Suhu Tubuh pada Balita Demam di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu Semarang

Fever in children is a condition that often causes anxiety, so mothers often givefebrifuge when their child has a fever. This is done by parents because feverreducing&#x0D; drugs, both those obtained with a doctor's prescription, and thosethat are sold freely in stalls, are considered to be able to make a child's healthcondition better in a relatively short time. Objective: To prove the differencethe effectiveness of giving shallot compresses and tepid sponges on decreasingbody temperature in toddlers who have fever in the Kedungmundu HealthCenter Semarang Work area. Research Method: using a Quantitative a quasiexperimentalmethod using a Quasi Experiment research design with a pretes and post-test two group design.The sample is 34 people with Purposive Sampling technique. Test the normality of the data with the Shapiro wilk test, parametric test Paired sample t test Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Result: The results showed that in the tepid sponge group the average temperature decrease of 0.976oC (S.D ± 0.3270) whereas in the onion compress group red the average temperature decrease was 1.106oC (S.D ± 0.3699). The difference in the average decrease the temperature between the two groups was 0.1294oC (95% CI -0.3733 – 0.1145). T test results no in pairs obtained a significance value of 0.288 (ρ &gt; 0.05) and Conclusion is that there is no difference in the effectiveness of lowering body temperature in toddlers with fever after giving the shallot intervention and in the group with the tepid sponge intervention. There was no significant difference in mean temperature difference between the tepid sponge group and the shallot compress group, but the red onion compress reached normal temperature faster than the tepid sponge

A bacteriostatic hemostatic dressing prepared from l-glutamine-modified chitosan, tannic acid-modified gelatin and oxidized dextran

In this study, porous hemostatic sponges (CGS1, CGS2 and CGS3) with proper absorption (38–43×) and air permeability (2214 g/m2·day) were prepared from l-glutamine-modified chitosan (CG), tannic acid-modified gelatin (GTA), and oxidized dextran (ODEX) by Schiff base crosslinking reaction. Among them, CGS2 was proved to have high porosity (88.98 %), durable water retention (>6 h), strong antibacterial activity, proper mechanical quality, and suitable tissue adhesion. In addition, CGS2 had good biocompatibility, mainly manifested in low hemolysis rate (<0.4 %), low cytotoxicity (relative cell activity>90 %), and good biodegradability in vitro. The hemostatic time and blood loss in CGS2 group were much lower than those in commercial gelatin sponge group in three animal injury models. Moreover, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the prothrombin time (PT) results indicated that CGS2 promoted coagulation by activating the endogenous coagulation pathway. These results suggested that CGS2 had great potential for rapid hemostasis and avoidance of wound infection.

Mussel-inspired methacrylated gelatin-dopamine/quaternized chitosan/glycerin sponges with self-adhesion, antibacterial activity, and hemostatic ability for wound dressings

It is one of the most emergent challenges to prepare wound dressings for quickly and effectively controlling profuse bleeding in clinical surgery and emergent accident. In this work, a novel strategy has been developed to prepare methacrylated gelatin-dopamine (GelMA-DA)/quaternized chitosan (QCS)/glycerol (Gly) composite sponges with good biocompatibility, tissue self-adhesion, antibacterial activity, and hemostatic ability. Results show that the GelMA-DA/QCS/Gly sponges display good biocompatibility and water absorption capacity. The lap shear strength of the GelMA-DA/QCS/Gly sponge with the GelMA-DA content of 5 W/V% is approximately 128.36 ± 8.45, 125.17 ± 7.18, 138.29 ± 7.94, and 113.83 ± 9.28 kPa for skin, liver, muscle, and fat, respectively. The GelMA-DA/QCS/Gly sponge displays better antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria than the commercial Gelatin hemostatic sponge and CS hemostatic sponge. Animal experiments using rat tail and liver bleeding model show that the hemostasis time and blood loss in the GelMA-DA/QCS/Gly sponge group is approximately 33.3 ± 6.7 s and 0.19 ± 0.05 g, respectively, which is also better than that of the commercial Gelatin hemostatic sponge and CS hemostatic sponge. These results demonstrate promising potential of the GelMA-DA/QCS/Gly sponges for applications as hemostatic wound dressings in clinical surgery and emergent treatment.