Spoke Wheel Research Articles

In-Plane Design of Non-Circular Triangulated Tensile Spoke Wheels

This paper presents a new in-plane design of non-circular triangulated tensile spoke wheels with two perpendicular symmetry axes, like those used for roofing big sports stadiums, as well as a procedure to define such design. The proposed procedure describes how to define the in-plane shape and the necessary pre-stressing so that the outer ring behaves like a funicular polygon which has equal-length sides and is uniformly compressed. All in all, this procedure solves the problem of non-circularity of a triangulated spoke wheel by equalising the cross section sizing conditions of the outer ring to the sizing conditions that a circular structure would have.

Dermoscopy of pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a descriptive study in Indian population

Background: Pigmented basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is more common in brown-skinned than white-skinned individuals. Histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis. There is a paucity of published literature on dermoscopy of BCC in brown skin, particularly in the Indian population. Aims: To study the dermoscopic features of pigmented BCC in brown skin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in which dermoscopy was performed on 20 patients with pigmented BCC. Results: Out of 20 patients studied, 12 patients had noduloulcerative BCC, 3 patients had nodular BCC, 4 patients had superficial spreading BCC, and 1 patient had morpheaform BCC. Blue-grey globules, ulceration, and arborizing vessels were noted predominantly in nodular BCC. In contrast, whereas maple-leaf-like areas, spoke wheel structures, erosions, and short-fine telangiectasia were seen in superficially spreading BCC. Morpheaform BCC showed the characteristic stellate pattern of vessels, homogenous white areas, and signature pattern observed in a patient with multiple BCCs. Conclusion: Dermoscopy, a non-invasive investigation, cannot replace the gold standard histopathology but can provide valuable information for its diagnosis, identifying the subtype and presence of pigment, differentiating from its clinical mimickers, and helping in its management.

Design Optimization of Alloy Wheels Based on a Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test Using Finite Element Analysis and Multi-Additional Sampling of Efficient Global Optimization

An alloy wheel is generally a symmetrically shaped part integral to a vehicle because its weight and strength can improve driving performance. Therefore, alloy wheel design is essential, and a novel design method should be considered. Currently, the Multi-Additional Sampling Efficient Global Optimization (MAs-EGO) has been proposed and widely implemented in various fields of engineering design. This study employed a surrogate model to maximize Expected Hypervolume Improvement (EHVI) for multi-objectives by increasing multi-sampling per iteration to update a surrogate model and evaluate an optimal point for alloy wheel design. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was used to generate an initial design of an alloy wheel, including the thickness and width of the spoke wheel. The maximum principal stress according to the dynamic cornering fatigue simulation was then evaluated for risk of failure using Finite Element (FE) analysis. The objectives were to minimize both the principal stress and weight of the symmetric alloy wheel. The Kriging method was used to construct a surrogate model, including a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which was performed to maximize hypervolume improvement to explore the next additional sampling point, and that point was also an optimal point for the process when computation had converged. Finally, FE results were validated through a designed apparatus to confirm the numerical solution. The results exhibit thatMulti-Additional Sampling Efficient Global Optimization can achieve an optimal alloy shape. The maximum principal stress distribution occurs in the spoke area and exhibits a symmetrical pattern around the axis following the cyclic bending load. The optimal design point of the alloy wheel can reduce 20.181% and 3.176% of principal stress and weight, respectively, compared to the initial design. The experimental results are consistent trend in the same direction as FEA results.

Post-Streptococcal Nummular Keratitis: A New Clinical Entity

Introduction: Pot-streptococcal nummular keratitis is an interstitial keratitis characterized by large infiltrates in the cornea. Its mechanism is probably immuno-allergic.
 Patients and Methods: We report the first three cases of nummular keratitis related to a post-streptococcal infectious disease and we describe its clinical and tomographic aspect.
 Results: This is a new clinical entity, characterized by multiple rounded, whitish lesions 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter, located in the stroma. These plaques are made of small infiltrates arranged radially giving a “spoke wheel” appearance. With time, these infiltrates having a greater tendency to confluence and the plaques take on a “currency” appearance resembling those described by “Demmer”. Corneal sensitivity is preserved. Corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows hyper-reflective lesions occupying the entire thickness of the stroma, with a "flying saucer" appearance respecting the corneal epithelium and endothelium with a tendency to confluence, particularly in the anterior stroma.
 Discussion: This keratitis can be unilateral or bilateral and associated with an inflammatory syndrome, a high titer of ASLO, and a streptococcal infection.
 Conclusion: Ophthalmologists faced with idiopathic nummular keratitis should consider post-streptococcal syndrome as a possible cause. A search for an increasing titer of ASLO and streptococcal infectious evidence establishes this association.

Introducing the Muzzammil classification for spoke wheel injuries in children to enhance injury assessment and treatment in developing countries

Motorbike spoke wheel injuries (SWIs) among children are a notable public health concern, especially in low and middle-income regions. The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the patterns of motorbike spoke wheel injuries (SWIs) in children. Additionally, the study introduces a novel classification system for these injuries. The implementation of this classification system aims to streamline the management of SWIs, making it more efficient and facilitating the development of standardized treatment protocols. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Accident and Emergency Department from January 2019 to 2021. Children < 14 years of age of either gender with foot and ankle injury due to motorbike spoke wheels as passengers and presenting within 3 days were included. The motorbike SWI was assessed for its location and classified by a new classification as Class I, Soft tissue injury without skin loss; Class II, Skin loss of more than 1 cm without underlying tissue involvement; Class III, Skin loss with underlying tissue involvement, this class is further divided on basis of underlying soft-tissue involvement; Class IV: mangled foot/toe. Management plan and outcome were noted. In our study158 children suffering from SWI were registered with a mean age of 6.2 ± 5.4 years, 127 (80.37%) males and 31 (19.62%) females. Class I injury was seen in 18 (11.39%) patients, class II in 69 (43.67%), and class III in 68 (43.03%) patients. Class III injuries were further subcategorized as follows: IIIT (Tendon) injuries, which accounted for 32 cases (20.25%); IIIB (Bone) injuries, with 29 cases (18.35%); and IIINV (Neurovascular) injuries, identified in 7 cases (4.43%). Class IV injuries were observed in 3 (1.8%) children. The flap was needed in 33 (20.88%) patients. There were no complications like flap necrosis or graft rejection. In this current study, a new classification system specific for a motorbike SWI has been introduced along with its application on children presenting at tertiary care hospital’s emergency department. The application of the proposed classification will enable universal management guidelines for SWIs, especially in the Ino-Pak region where SWIs are common.

Amphibious Robot With Self-Rotating Paddle-Wheel Mechanism

Marine transportation is an important means of transportation, in which ships are in constant use and accidents are unavoidable. In this article, we developed an amphibious robot to help rescue people in an accidental environment that is too low or dangerous for rescuers to enter. Angled spoke paddling wheel (ASPW) makes it possible to drive on the water surface, while taking advantage of the angled spoke wheel (ASW). The ASPW changes the paddle force by rotating the paddle when the wheel rotates so that the total force is generated in the direction of the robot's movement. The paddle is optimized using the Taguchi method. The driving experiment was conducted in four environments: ground, water surface, transition between ground and water, and obstacle overcoming situation. The maximum driving speed was 0.47 m/s on the ground and 0.1 m/s on the water surface. The maximum average inclination degree in the transition situation was 25 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> from the ground to the water surface and 20 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> from the water surface to the ground. In addition, it was possible to overcome an obstacle with a maximum height of 41.3 mm, demonstrating that the proposed robot excels in amphibious driving, while possessing the ability to overcome the ASW level obstacle.

The spatial structures of iron oxide formed on an ordered Pt(111) electrode in pH 3 sulfate and chloride media

Platinum (Pt) electrodes modified with iron (Fe) have been used as electrocatalysts to split water, to reduce oxygen, and to oxidize methanol. The current study employed cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to probe the redox chemistry and spatial structure of an iron hydroxide thin film adsorbed on an ordered Pt(111) electrode in pH 3 sulfate solution (1 mM H2SO4 + 0.1 M K2SO4) containing 10 mM FeSO4. The Pt(111) electrode was pretreated with the conventional annealing-and-quenching method, which resulted in a sub-monolayer native oxide. After this native oxide was stripped off, the adsorption of Fe2+ ions and the reduction of oxygen concurred to yield an ordered FeOH film on the Pt(111) electrode. In situ STM imaging revealed a unique spoke – wheel (SW) structure between 0.1 and -0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). As opposed to the hexagonal FeO(111) bilayer structure observed on Pt(111) in the vacuum, a distorted hexagonal adlattice was seen with this SW pattern. Shifting the potential positively and negatively resulted in transformations of the SW structure into distorted moiré patterns. The same STM experiment performed with Fe2(SO4)3 led to a disordered film, indicating that ferrous, not ferric, ions were orderly adsorbed on the Pt(111) electrode. The role of anion in the formation of the FeOH film on the Pt(111) electrode was also conducted in pH 3 chloride solution (1 mM HCl + 0.1 M KCl + FeCl2).

Pattern and Presentation of Pediatric Spoke Wheel Entrapment Injuries: Our Hospital Experience

Objective: Finding out how often and how severely kids get their feet caught in the spokes of motorcycle wheels, and what it means for treatment options. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted in Ibn-e-Sina University, Muhammad Medical College and Hospital Mirpurkhas from February 2022 to February 2023. Methodology: The study included children who had sustained motorbike spoke wheel injuries after getting their feet entrapped in it. The children were assessed for the severity of the injury as well as the location of the injury. The classification of the injuries was done according to the Tscherne and Oestern classification and graded as 0, I, II, and III. Complete history of the patients was taken followed by a physical examination. After that, relevant investigations were ordered such as radiographs and laboratory investigations. Results: The total number of participants in the present study was 115. The mean age of the participants was 8.62±7.23 years. There were 85 (73.91%) male and 30 (26.09%) female. A total of 78 (67.83%) patients had their right feet injured and 37 (32.17%) patients had their left feet injured. Injury of grade 0 was documented in 17 (14.78%), grade I in 33 (28.69%), grade II in 42 (36.52%) patients, and grade III in 23 (20%) patients. The most common area to get injured in the accident was the heel pad and it was affected in 63 (54.78%) patients. Rupture of the tendon was seen in 11 (9.56%) patients. Fracture of bone was seen in 9 (7.82%) children and only 1 (0.86%) children suffered from neurovascular injury. Conclusion: Injury because of the Motorbike spoke wheel results in different patterns causing multiple levels of damage to tissues and even fractures. Nonetheless, most injuries are related to soft-tissues loss. The most commonly injured area is the heel pad. Phalanges and calcaneus were commonest injured bones. Keywords: Spoke wheel, Motorbike, Fracture, Heel pad, Tscherne and Oestern

The spoke wheel color Doppler blood flow signal is a specific sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Grayscale ultrasound (US) is the main method used to diagnose benign and malignant thyroid nodules, While color doppler blood flow imaging(CDFI) is not widely recognized when diagnosing thyroid cancer. This study used a retrospective analysis. The study included 36 spoked wheel blood flow nodules detected by CDFI in 37,372 patients in five hospitals from January 2020 to June 2021. All thyroid nodules were examined histologically after ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy or following surgical resection. The value of color doppler in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma was evaluated based on pathological results. Among 36 thyroid nodules, only 6 were highly suspected of being malignant on grayscale ultrasound (classified as 5, according to ACR TI-RADS). However, these 36 thyroid nodules showed spoke wheel blood flow signal distribution on CDFI. If the spoke wheel blood flow signal is used to diagnose papillary thyroid cancer, then the diagnostic accuracy of this group of papillary thyroid cancers can reach 100%, which is significantly higher than the accuracy of grayscale ultrasound diagnosis, and the difference is statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). The results of this study found that spoke wheel blood flow sign on CDFI can be used to diagnose PTC. PTC with spoke wheel blood flow have benign characteristics on gray-scale ultrasound, which is easy to be misdiagnosed.

Review Paper on Modification of Existing Treadmill cycle

Abstract: This Paper deals with the Modification of treadmill cycle. It’s based in Re-design of previously existing treadmill cycle. It’s designed to provide a safe, convenient, and easily handling treadmill cycle which fulfils the requirement of users and love to ride on it by users. Many nature lover who loves to run or walking while feeling the nature, but stuck due to busy schedule and cannot use inconvenient treadmill cycle for traveling short distance, due to this reason, modification of treadmill cycle was required. Basically, the concept of treadmill is to transfer human energy into motion of machine. We want to give the best treadmill ride to the riders. And we have believed that, it will be the best suited device for health-conscious people. The existing treadmill cycle frame and handle are made up of mild steel and we are replacing mild steel with aluminium alloy. We are completely removing the heavy mechanism on the rear wheel and implementing simpler and easier mechanism to reduce weight of treadmill cycle. By modifying the existing treadmill cycle, we are replacing normal spoke wheel with an alloy wheel. In treadmill frame heavy rollers are completely replaced by light weight rollers.

Road Damage Detection From Post-Disaster High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on TLD Framework

Road is one of important traffic lifelines that could be damaged after disaster by landslide rubble, buildings debris, and collapsed branches of trees. Therefore, road damage detection and assessment using post-Disaster High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images is extremely important for finding optimal paths and conducting rescue missions. In an emergency context, the existing methods based on change detection for road damage detection are difficult to achieve due to the mismatch of different data sources, especially for rural areas where the pre-disaster remote sensing imagery are hard to obtain. In this paper, a novel method based on the Tracking, Learning, and Detector (TLD) framework for detecting the damaged road region from post-disaster high-resolution remote sensing image is presented. First, a spoke wheel operator is employed to define the initial template of road. Then, the TLD framework is used to identify the suspected road damaged areas. Finally, the damaged road areas are extracted by pruning the false damaged roads. The proposed method was evaluated using post-disaster high-resolution remote sensing images collected over Beichuan, China in 2008 and Lushan, China in 2013. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective for road damage detection and assessment. Our main conclusion is that such an approach qualifies for practical use.

Reappraisal of surgical decision-making in patients with splenic sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation: Case series and literature review.

BACKGROUNDMany clinicians and surgeons are unfamiliar with the sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT), which is gaining recognition as a benign splenic tumor. We challenge that SANT is rare and whether surgical intervention could be avoided through critical imaging review.AIMTo evaluate the incidence of SANT among splenic tumors and the decision-making process of SANT management.METHODSTwenty hospitalized patients who underwent splenectomy in 2018 and 2019 in a tertiary university hospital were retrospectively reviewed, and their data on imaging, diagnosis, surgical indications, and courses were recorded. All pathology results were confirmed by pathologist. Discriminative features differentiating SANT from other non-SANT splenic tumors were descriptively analyzed in this case series.RESULTSFourteen out of 20 patients who underwent splenectomy had splenic tumors, including 3 SANTs (21% splenic tumors), 6 non-SANT benign lesions (43%), 2 metastatic tumors, and 3 lymphomas. Hypointensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spoke wheel enhancing pattern in contrasted computed tomography or MRI, and cold spot (low fluorodeoxyglucose uptake) in positron emission tomography (PET) scan helped establish the diagnosis of SANT. Lymphoma, presenting with a hot spot on the PET scan were differentiated from SANT. Surgical indications were reformatted for splenic tumors. Splenectomy need not be performed in patients with typical imaging features of SANT.CONCLUSIONSANT is not a rare disease entity in clinical practice. Splenectomy should not be routinely indicated as the only management option for SANT with typical imaging features.

Comparison of Hardness and Microstructure of Cast Wheel and Spoke Wheel Rims of Motorcycles Made of Aluminum Alloy Alloy

The rim is one of the main components in a motorized vehicle system, both two and three wheels. Rim loads when used are dynamic and often even shock. This study aims to study the mechanical characteristics, especially the hardness properties of spoke wheel rims and cast wheel rims made of aluminum alloy used in motorcycles and compare the results. Hardness testing is carried out on the spoke wheel and cast wheel specimens, using the Rockwell method with an identifier of 1/16 ball and a spectrometer used for both microstructure observations. The result of the average hardness test for the spoke wheel is HRB 99.3, while for the cast wheel is HRB 76.5. From the hardness test, it can be concluded that the hardness of the spoke wheel type is higher than the cast wheel type due to the difference in the manufacturing process. Cast wheel rims can withstand a load of 3 tons (30000 N) and the value of rim tension that can be accepted until the fracture is 45.84 MPa. Meanwhile, spoke wheel rims have the ability to withstand smaller compressive loads than cast wheel rims, which are 2 tonnes (20000 N) and the rims can accept the stress of 66.04 MPa until they break.

Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen: Analysis of Clinical and Pathological Features in Five Cases.

Objective: We aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) in spleen among five cases.Methods: Five cases (male: 3; female: 2; mean age: 47.6 years) with SANT confirmed by pathological analysis between July 2010 and November 2019 in our hospital were included in this study. The clinical, imaging, and pathological data were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Three patients presented with mild abdominal pain or discomfort, while the other two were symptom free. Two patients received ultrasonography (US), and all patients underwent a computerized tomography (CT) scan in our hospital. The typical “spoke wheel” pattern was seen in two cases, and central calcification was detected in one case on the CT scans. All patients indicated peripheral enhancement around the SANT lesion during the arterial phase. Open or laparoscopic splenectomy was performed for treatment. No patient showed recurrence in the follow-up. The pathological characteristics of our cases were in line with those of previous literatures.Conclusions: Peripheral enhancement around the SANT lesion during the arterial phase should be taken into consideration for the diagnosis of SANT as an imaging sign on CT scans. Special attention should be paid to the splenic integrality during the laparoscopic approach, due to the probability of malignancy and the fragility of the spleen.

Design and Fabrication of Octopod for Survey and Rescue Operation

Although wheel is an ideal method of locomotion and the invention of the spoke wheel made a wheel lighter and swifter, a wheel cannot function well on slanted or rough surfaces. Further, the load support of the wheel is limited to a point of the whole wheel in contact with the ground. In rough and rocky terrains, wheels become ineffective or not able to serve the purpose. On realizing this fact, a new design and fabrication is suggested and a walking robot is designed accordingly. In the practical life, the usage of robots has been felt especially in search and rescue operations, extraterrestrial exploration and many more such applications. In these areas, the existing wheeled robots are not able to perform well and hence they can be replaced with walking robots of special design. In distant areas, many expeditions of walking robot need the tele-operation mode. Yet, sensing the terrains and controlling the robots become difficult for a human operator with the available capabilities and hence the walking robot should be designed in such a way that even with limited feedback from the remote operator, it should have adequate autonomy to take due advantage of its competency and capabilities. The paper envisages a new method of real-time motion planning on rough and rugged surface and in this paper, an octopod is designed, developed and fabricated accordingly.

Study on Spoke Wheel for Rough Terrain for UGV

Study on Spoke Wheel for Rough Terrain for UGV

Comparison Between SonoVue and Sonazoid Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Characterization of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Smaller Than 3 cm.

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), including SonoVue (SV; sulfur hexafluoride; Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy) and Sonazoid (SZ; perflubutane; GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway), and explore the differences between them in the characterization of CEUS features in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) smaller than 3 cm. This retrospective study included 31 lesions smaller than 3 cm diagnosed as FNH by CEUS between April 2019 and November 2019. Nine patients underwent SZ CEUS examinations, and 22 patients underwent SV CEUS examinations; all of them were confirmed by pathologic examinations or 2 other kinds of CEUS methods. We compared the CEUS features between SZ and SV in different phases, including arterial, portal venous, delayed, and Kupffer (SZ) phases. Twenty-eight lesions were eventually diagnosed as FNH; 3 were misdiagnosed as FNH by SV CEUS. The overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS including SZ and SV was 90.3% (28 of 31). No significant difference was found (P > .05) for the positive predictive value. Likewise, no significant difference in depicting centrifugal filling (9 of 9 versus 19 of 19), spoke wheel artery (6 of 9 versus 8 of 19), or feeding artery (2 of 9 versus 10 of 19) features was found between the contrast agents; However, SZ was significantly better at depicting the presence of a central scar than SV (5 of 9 versus 3 of 19; P=.030). Misdiagnosed cases are discussed in detail. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound enables an accurate diagnosis in FNH smaller than 3 cm. Sonazoid CEUS and SV CEUS were comparable in diagnosing small FNH, and both agents were highly capable of depicting the centrifugal filling dynamic process of FNH smaller than 3 cm. Sonazoid CEUS might be better than SV CEUS at depicting a central scar.

Novel Angled Spoke-Based Mobile Robot Design for Agile Locomotion With Obstacle-Overcoming Capability

This article introduces a new mobile robot with angled spoke-based wheels (ASWs). An ASW is designed by analyzing the combination of the assembling angle with the spokes and the assembling angle with the wheel shaft. It has a specific trajectory in which the spokes are perpendicular to and parallel to the ground simultaneously. Therefore, this wheel is in contact with the ground similar to a conventional wheel, but the wheel trajectory does not exceed the height of the spoke length. Therefore, the robot offers an advantage in that various devices can be freely installed on its upper part. Owing to the geometrical features of the wheel, the wheel shaft is assembled at an angle of 45° on the chassis, and 90°-bevel gears are used to maximize space efficiency. The robot is 85-mm long and weighs 208 g. Using the proposed spoke wheel, the robot can travel on carpet at a sustained speed of 18 body-lengths per second. With regard to overcoming obstacles, the robot can overcome a height of 0.7 times the spoke length. Moreover, it can climb continuous obstacles having a staircase angle of 37.5° and overcome an irregular shape and an arbitrarily formed height of obstacles like a tangled rope. It was also confirmed that the robot could carry the same weight as its own without any significant drop in speed.

Upgrading the Spoke Wheel Stadium Roof Concept

The roof structure of Olympic Stadium in Rome had been conceived, studied and realized between the end of 1988 and the April 1990, in total 16 months of work. This roof is the first example of spoke wheel roof structural system, that today is widely applied on many actual Stadiums around the world [1]. Wind tunnel tests on the roof structure have been carried out at the BLWT Lab. of Western Ontario University: at that time, there have been many discussions between the designer and wind tunnel researchers about the integration of wind tunnel tests data into the design process for sub-horizontal wide span roofs.&lt;br/&gt; The conceptual design and the method of wind dynamic analysis has been updated for the Yaoundé roof Stadium, now under construction. The aerodynamic behavior of Yaoundé stadium roof has been tested in London RWDI wind tunnel. Innovative and recently proposed numerical techniques have been adopted to perform dynamic analyses under wind action.&lt;br/&gt; Erection sequences prescribed for roofs of these two Stadiums are both remarkable and advanced: the big lift adopted procedure for the Olympic stadium roof in Rome and the new tie down pre tensioning operation, provided for the Yaoundé stadium cable roof.

Dermoscopic features of basal cell carcinoma and its subtypes: A systematic review

Multiple studies have reported on dermoscopic structures in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and its subtypes, with varying results. To systematically review the prevalence of dermoscopic structures in BCC and its subtypes. Databases and reference lists were searched for relevant trials according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were assessed for the relative proportion of BCC dermoscopic features. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary effect sizes. Included were 31 studies consisting of 5950 BCCs. The most common dermoscopic features seen in BCC were arborizing vessels (59%), shiny white structures (49%), and large blue-grey ovoid nests (34%). Arborizing vessels, ulceration, and blue-grey ovoid nests and globules were most common in nodular BCC; short-fine telangiectasia, multiple small erosions, and leaf-like, spoke wheel and concentric structures in superficial BCC; porcelain white areas and arborizing vessels in morpheaform BCC; and arborizing vessels and ulceration in infiltrative BCC. Studies had significant heterogeneity. Studies reporting BCC histopathologic subtypes did not provide clinical data on pigmentation of lesions. In addition to arborizing vessels, shiny white structures are a common feature of BCC. A constellation of dermoscopic features may aid in differentiating between BCC histopathologic subtypes.