Spoke French Research Articles

Scholia to the Florida Sterne Edition: Volume 9, Sterne’s Memoirs.

In relating the story of his father, Roger Sterne, the author records that he was a “Lieutenant in Handysides Regiment, married to Agnes Hobert, widow of an Officer . . . her Family name, I believe was Nuttle—Tho’ upon Recollection, That was the name of her Father in Law—who was a noted Sutler in Flanders in Queen Anns Wars—when my Father married his Wifes Daughter N.B. (he was in debt to him)” (p. 6). The footnote suggests that Sterne hints here that either the father-in-law could pay off Roger’s debt or that Roger paid off the debt by marrying her. To this note, should be added W. M. Thackeray’s allusion to Roger Sterne in his historical novel, The History of Henry Esmond (1852, 1858).p. 12, n. 6 [add at end of note]. See David Pascoe, “Sterne and Thackeray’s ‘dreary double entendre,’” The Shandean, 32 (2021), 62–91, esp. 85. Pascoe chronicles a rapprochement of sorts between Sterne’s writings and Thackeray’s infamous condemnation of them, culminating in this passage in Henry Esmond (1858): “There was one comrade of Esmond’s, an honest little Irish lieutenant of Handyside’s, who owed so much money to a camp suttler, that he began to make love to the man’s daughter, intending to pay his debt that way; and at the battle of Malplaquet, flying away from the debt and lady too, he rushed so desperately on the French lines, that he . . . came a captain out of the action, and had to marry the suttler’s daughter after all, who brought him his cancelled debt to her father as poor Roger’s fortune” (Book III, ch. 5, ed. John Sutherland and Michael Greenfield [London: Penguin, 1985], 420). Thackeray invented much of this, as also some pertinent remarks a few chapters earlier (a passage Pascoe overlooked), an even more obvious salute to Sterne: “The officer in whose company Esmond was, the same little captain of Handyside’s regiment, Mr. Sterne, . . . an Irishman too, and as brave a little soul as ever wore a sword. ‘Bedad,’ says Roger Sterne, ‘that long fellow spoke French so beautiful that I shouldn’t have known he wasn’t a foreigner, till he broke out with his hulla-ballooing, and only an Irish calf can bellow like that.’—And Roger made another remark [in support of the Pretender] in his wild way, in which there was sense as well as absurdity” (Book III, ch. 3, 368–69). We might also record one further allusion to Sterne in Book III, ch. 9, 459), when the Pretender awakens and calls out, “Eh, La Fleur, un verre d’eau,” which is annotated by Sutherland: “This is perplexing, but presumably, still dazed, it is Miss Oglethorpe [his mistress] he calls for.” Rather, it almost certainly is a recall of Yorick’s French servant in A Sentimental Journey.

Namesake

Namesake Remi Recchia (bio) Named after a medieval French bishop, a transgender poet and essayist reflects on the inheritances we’re born with and those we fashion for ourselves. Click for larger view View full resolution TRANSFER OF SAINT REMI RELICS, STAINED GLASS WINDOW IN THE BASILICA OF SAINT CLOTILDE IN PARIS, FRANCE A blinding light filled the sanctuary as the two vials, once empty, filled with chrism and oil of the catechu-mens. Candles dimmed in the wake of the sharp white light. The onlookers watched the vials with disbelief, but the moribund pagan had eyes only for Remigius, archbishop of Reims. Documentation of the legend of the Baptism of the Moribund Pagan, also known as Remigius and the Holy Ampulla, does not include description of white light, a shocked congregation, or a mesmerized pagan. In truth, the sixth-century baptism of a dying man may have been a nonevent with the exception of the miraculously filled baptismal artifacts. In his early twenties, Remigius was ordained as the archbishop of Reims in 459. He is most known for converting Clovis, king of the Franks, to Christianity in 496, along with three thousand of the king’s followers. Theologians credit the canonized archbishop with the miracle performed in the Baptism of the Moribund Pagan, a [End Page 18] miracle confirmed upon the discovery of the same vials emitting an “unworldly” fragrance when his tomb was opened during the reign of Charles the Bald. _______ My own connection to France runs deep. My mom, a French professor and medievalist, went on sabbatical in 2000 in pursuit of Saint Martial, taking my dad, my twin sister, and me with her to Bretagne, or Brittany. Brittany is a rainy province in northern France, primarily dairy country, that draws much of its revenue from the local farming industry. Neither my sister nor I spoke French; it was a quick learning curve. By the end of our fourteen months there—at the end of which we would be eight years old—we would be fluent. After spending our seventh birthday in Paris, we arrived in Brittany for what would be my sister’s and my second-grade year. My parents had rented what had once been an old chateau called Tréhorenteuc, or Tregarantec, which was now a dairy farm, except we weren’t staying in the chateau proper—we lived in a section of the property that was just outside the big house. On the phone years later, my mom describes the grand chateau as shaped like a huge semicircle, or something U-shaped. Our part of the property was at the end of one of the hedges of the semicircle. Our own French haven. Tregarantec was in the small village of Mellionec. Mellionec’s geographical landscape is similar to rural Ohio or Michigan in soft rain with cows and abandoned wells and tractors. Tregarantec was a seventeenth-century chateau; my mom tells me now that it was rumored to have been a gift to one of Louis XIV’s mistresses. Our living space had two floors with the kitchen on the first floor and one or two bedrooms on the second floor. A clothesline ran through my parents’ bedroom, safe inside because it rained so frequently in Brittany. The kitchen was a claustrophobia of walls and cupboards. My sister and I went to a Catholic school in the nearby town of Rostrenen called L’École Notre Dame. Though Catholic in name, it was run fairly secularly according to my mom, and it cost a mere ten euros, or eleven US dollars, a month. Our dad drove us down the long dirt driveway from Tregarantec each day. We had to time our arrival and departure perfectly so as not to get stuck behind the cows on their way to the milking parlor at regular intervals throughout the day. Sometimes if we were running late, we had to duck beneath the electric wire to get in the car. It was my favorite game. I do not think I can offer anything new on the trope of foreboding nuns at Catholic school, but I will try. I remember that the nuns did not preside over...

Transcultural validation of a French-European version of the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index Scale (POMI-5F).

The Prescription Opioid Misuse Index scale (POMI) is a brief questionnaire used to assess opioid prescription misuse. In view of the increase in the prescription of opioid analgesics for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), this tool is particularly useful during medical consultations to screen opioid misuse in patients using opioids. We sought to generate and validate a French-European translation of the POMI. We conducted an observational, longitudinal, and multicenter psychometric study with crosscultural validation. All adult CNCP patients who were treated with opioids for at least three months, were followed in pain clinics, and spoke French were eligible. From September 2015 to November 2017, we included 163 patients and analyzed 154. We performed a pretest on a sample of representative patients to evaluate acceptability and understanding of translation. Study patients completed the POMI scale at a pain clinic (test phase), and we assessed test-retest reliability after two to four weeks by a second completion of the POMI scale at home by patients (retest phase). We subsequently explored psychometric properties of the POMI (acceptability, internal consistency, reproducibility, and external validity). Due to poor internal consistency and reproducibility, items 4, 7, and 8 of the original POMI scale were removed, and we proposed a five-question French-European version (POMI-5F). The internal consistency of POMI-5F was good (Cronbach's α = 0.71), as was test-retest reliability (r = 0.65 [0.55-0.67]). The external validity of POMI-5F, compared with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, was moderate but significant (r = 0.45; P < 0.001). The optimal POMI-5F cut-off score to indicate misuse was 2/5 (sensitivity = 0.95 and specificity = 0.54). We generated and validated a French-European translation of the POMI scale, POMI-5F, for use by French researchers and physicians to identify opioid misuse in CNCP patients.

Features of book publishing in France

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of book publishing and book distribution in France, changes in the French book industry over the centuries and recently. The French book industry is studied. Book publishing (as a branch of the country's economy) appeared in France at the end of the 18th century, and in the five centuries of its existence book publishing has come a long way, developed and improved, adapted to new conditions and actively used all the achievements of technical progress. The nineteenth century was the golden age of French literature. The European world spoke French. In the twentieth century France's position faltered. The United States, Great Britain and Germany took the first place. Therefore, in France, great importance is attached to book publishing as a way to spread knowledge about France and the French language.&#x0D; The article analyzes the features of book publishing and book distribution in France before the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights some features and trends in the development of the French publishing industry during the pandemic restrictions.&#x0D; The spread of the virus to stop or significantly reduce book production in France. The exploration analyzes the changes that have taken place in the industry as a whole and in its individual parts. The ways of development of retail trade and internet-trade before and during the pandemic in France are investigated.&#x0D; The role and place of different book formats in the general system of book publishing in France, the advantages of a printed book, the place of an e-book and an audiobook in the value system of French readers are clarified.

An Unusual Case of Chest Pain in a 9-Year Old Immigrant

CASE PRESENTATION: A nine-year-old female with no past medical history presented to the emergency department with a two-week history of chest pain associated with tactile fevers and cough. One-year prior, she traveled by foot from Venezuela to the United States crossing through five countries and was detained in both Panama and the U.S. border prior to arriving in Atlanta four months ago. On physical exam, she appeared thin and emaciated, with decreased breath sounds on the right, but otherwise was in no respiratory distress with normal oxygen saturations. Initial work-up revealed leukocytosis, normocytic anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and a normal blood smear. Chest X-Ray showed a dense opacity of the right upper lobe with mass effect of the right main stem bronchus (Image 1). Subsequent CT scan was notable for a large cavitary lesion of the right upper lobe concerning for abscess (Image 2) with hilar lymphadenopathy and a small spleen. She was empirically started on vancomycin and ceftriaxone but narrowed to clindamycin after sputum culture grew MRSA. One week into hospitalization, her anemia worsened, prompting a hemoglobin electrophoresis test, which revealed the delayed diagnosis of hemoglobin SS disease complicated by acute chest syndrome. She improved on antibiotics without blood transfusions and was discharged in stable condition to complete a four-week course of oral clindamycin. Chart review revealed multiple missed appointments, and she has been lost to follow-up. DISCUSSION: This case highlights many important takeaways healthcare providers must consider when providing care to immigrant patients. Although three-quarters of newborns with sickle cell disease (SCD) are born in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a generous and underappreciated population affected within Latin America, where many developing countries lack newborn screening programs. In the U.S., providers often rely on newborn screening results, which over time has likely decreased our index of suspicion in older children for conditions we typically diagnose prenatally or in the newborn period. Despite multiple subspecialties being involved in this patient’s care, providers failed to consider SCD as a possible etiology despite early findings of anemia and a small spleen on CT scan. Although advancements in newborn screening, genetic counseling, and prenatal ultrasound have changed the prevalence and presentations of genetic and congenital disorders, we as providers must maintain a high index of suspicion. Additionally, fear of deportation, language barriers, limited financial resources, and low health literacy are some of the many barriers immigrant patients face when seeking care in this country. In this case, the family spoke French Creole; access to a language line was crucial. Providers must ensure families have an appropriate understanding of the disease process and address socio-cultural and economic concerns to prevent at risk children from being lost to follow-up.

Mireille Kamariza

Mireille Kamariza wants to make a difference in neglected diseases around the world. As a first step, she developed a quick and cheap test for (TB) while still in graduate school. Kamariza was 17 when she moved to the US from Burundi in search of the American dream. But even then, she says, “I don’t think that I had quite an understanding of where my career would take me.” That career started at community college, where Kamariza describes herself as operating in survival mode. She was studying, learning English, and also working a part-time job. But her introductory chemistry professor, Saloua Saidane, spotted something in her. Like Kamariza, Saidane spoke French, and she took the time to explain the technical terms in Kamariza’s textbooks. That, Kamariza says, allowed her to discover her passion and talent for science, and she eventually transferred to the University of California San Diego for a

When the Dodo Spoke French: Eco-memory in Le Clézio’s Alma

The narrative model of Le Clézio’s Alma exemplifies what Rosanne Kennedy calls “multidirectional eco-memory.” In the novel, memories of slavery and indenture in Mauritius appear alongside the imagined life of the long-extinct dodo. This multispecies scope of memory, implicitly giving birds and humans the same ontological status, is one aspiration of the novel. That said, such ambitious remembering is possible in Alma only through a generational transmission of language. In this article, I thus argue that ancestral language in the novel is essential for the survival of memory. In Alma, the narrator can only imagine (in French) the subjugated lives of the dodo and the maroons because their languages have been forgotten. On the other hand, a detailed Indo-Mauritian memory emerges precisely because Aditi can speak in Creole, English, French, and Sanskrit. However, in the Anthropocene, even the strongest philological grounding (Sanskrit) cannot protect Aditi. She can speak, so she is unlike the dodo or the maroon. However, her walk resembles the dodo’s, heralding the demise of her race. I thus suggest that while the island’s memories are multidirectional in Alma, Le Clézio describes their inheritors’ future as largely singular: in his terms, they are all destined to be “as dead as a dodo.”

Robert Boris Kaplan (20 September 1929–8 February 2020)

Bob Kaplan was born in New York, a child of immigrant parents. Before going to school, he spoke French and Russian at home, which perhaps influenced his later academic interests in language. After ...

Au-delà de la traduction. Chanter Jacques Brel en italien: Giorgio Gaber, &lt;i&gt;I borghesi&lt;/i&gt; (1971)

This article analyses Jacques Brel’s influence on Giorgio Gaber’s LP I borghesi , published in 1971. After defining Gaber’s role in the early cantautori movement and his stance in the political debate of the late sixties and seventies, this paper mainly focuses on the songs adapted from Brel’s “Ces gens-la”, “Les bourgeois” and “Jef”. The fact that neither Gaber nor his co-author Sandro Luporini spoke French fluently allows us to investigate the fact that (and the ways in which) the adaptation of a song can draw inspiration from music and interpretation rather than the mere translation of the lyrics.

Measurement Invariance of English and French Language Versions of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale

Abstract. The alexithymia construct is commonly measured with the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), with more than 20 different language translations. Despite replication of the factor structure, however, it cannot be assumed that observed differences in mean TAS-20 scores can be interpreted similarly across different languages and cultural groups. It is necessary to also demonstrate measurement invariance (MI) for language. The aim of this study was to evaluate MI of the English and French versions of the TAS-20 using data from 17,866 Canadian military recruits; 71% spoke English and 29% spoke French as their first language. We used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to establish a baseline model of the TAS-20, and four increasingly restrictive multigroup CFA analyses to evaluate configural, metric, scalar, and residual error levels of MI. The best fitting factor structure in both samples was an oblique 3-factor model with an additional method factor comprised of negatively-keyed items. MI was achieved at all four levels of invariance. There were only small differences in mean scores across the two samples. Results support MI of English and French versions of the TAS-20, allowing meaningful comparisons of findings from investigations in Canadian French-speaking and English-speaking groups.

When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation by François Furstenberg

When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation by François Furstenberg

The relevance of clinical ethnography: reflections on 10\xa0years of a cultural consultation service

BackgroundTraining health professionals in culturally sensitive medical interviewing has been widely promoted as a strategy for improving intercultural communication and for helping clinicians to consider patients’ social and cultural contexts and improve patient outcomes. Clinical ethnography encourages clinicians to explore the patient’s explanatory model of illness, recourse to traditional and alternative healing practices, healthcare expectations and social context, and to use this information to negotiate a mutually acceptable treatment plan. However, while clinical ethnographic interviewing skills can be successfully taught and learned, the “real-world” context of medical practice may impose barriers to such patient-centered interviewing. Creating opportunities for role modeling and critical reflection may help overcome some of these barriers, and contribute to improved intercultural communication in healthcare.We report and reflect on a retrospective analysis of 10 years experience with a “cultural consultation service” (CCS) whose aim is to provide direct support to clinicians who encounter intercultural difficulties and to model the usefulness of clinical ethnographic interviewing for patient care.MethodsWe analyzed 236 cultural consultation requests in order to identify key patient, provider and consultation characteristics, as well as the cross cultural communication challenges that motivate health care professionals to request a cultural consultation. In addition, we interviewed 51 clinicians about their experience and satisfaction with the CCS.ResultsRequests for cultural consultations tended to involve patient care situations with complex social, cultural and medical issues. All patients had a migration background, two-thirds spoke French less than fluently. In over half the cases, patients had a high degree of social vulnerability, compromising illness management. Effective communication was hindered by language barriers and undetected or underestimated patient/provider differences in health-related knowledge and beliefs. Clinicians were highly satisfied with the CCS, and appreciated both the opportunity to observe how clinical ethnographic interviewing is done and the increased knowledge they gained of their patients’ context and perspective.ConclusionsA cultural consultation service such as ours can contribute to institutional cultural competence by drawing attention to the challenges of caring for diverse patient populations, identifying the training needs of clinicians and gaps in resource provision, and providing hands-on experience with clinical ethnographic interviewing.

Assessing Hepatitis B Knowledge Among Immigrant Communities in New York City.

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) among New York City immigrants. Data were obtained from cohort of 2385 persons at-risk for HBV, who completed a knowledge assessment survey during HBV screening events in 2010-2013. HBV knowledge scores were very low among the tested population, with the majority answering every question incorrectly. Participants had higher odds of obtaining a better score if they were fluent in English or born in the US, where participants had lower odds if they were born in Africa or spoke French as their native language. Results show a distinct lack of HBV knowledge among multiple communities at risk for HBV. Future research is needed to evaluate effective interventions to increase HBV knowledge in foreign-born, at-risk communities.

François Furstenberg.When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation.

François Furstenberg.<i>When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation</i>.

When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation by François Furstenberg

When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation. By Francois Furstenberg.

DeBlasio, Alyssa The End of Russian Philosophy: Tradition and Transition at the Turn of the 21st Century (review)

REVIEWS 745 lifetime. Hopp presents an overview of the translated material together with a detailed review of Mulatságos napok, as Mme de Gomez is titled in Hungarian. The final two essays look at the Hungarian literary scene after Mikes’s death. The manuscript of the Letters was found among his effects and in 1789 came into the hands of István Kulcsár of Szombathely. The criminality (in Habsburg eyes) of its author, its association with Ferenc Rákóczi and the kuruc tone of numerous passages might have prevented publication in the Habsburg Empire, but in the reign of the enlightened Joseph II (1765–90) censorship eased. Kulcsár, in association with Sándor Kisfaludy and others, took advantage of this, and the Letters received the imprimatur in July 1792, early in the reign of Franz II and I (Hopp deals with the complexities of all this in some detail, but in one point is in slight error: there was no interregnum between Joseph and Franz, but the brief reign of Leopold II from December 1790 until March 1792). Had Kulcsár not been fortunate in this respect the Letters would, at best, not have been published for a long time, as repression was resumed under Franz. (The Letters were first published in 1794 and the manuscript itself is now in the library of the Esterházy Károly Főiskola in Eger.) Lastly, there comes a short piece on the concept of the ‘Early Enlightenment’. It is generally agreed that in Hungary the Enlightenment came into effect in the second half of the eighteenth century, rather later than in the West, and some scholars have used the term Frühaufklärung to denote a quasi-preliminary period preceding this. Hopp rejects this imprecise usage, but finds in Mikes’s ‘Letter 51’ of 1723 a foreshadowing of the thinking of the Enlightenment, halfway between past and future, but promising a social philosophy. This small anthology is, therefore, a vastly informative and thoroughly scholarly addition to the study of both the period as a whole and the work of Kelemen Mikes in particular. Hopp spoke French but did not publish in that language, so much credit is due to his anonymous translators and to the editors for establishing an eminently readable text. The editors should, however, have seen that footnote 14 on p. 174 might be more helpfully worded. Zánka Bernard Adams DeBlasio, Alyssa. The End of Russian Philosophy: Tradition and Transition at the Turn of the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York, 2014. xi + 216 pp. Tables. Figures. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £60.00. In 1922, Lenin expelled about sixty-nine presumed anti-Soviet intellectuals and their families from Russia. The intellectuals were placed on two steamships, the first of which left on 28 September, the second on 16 November, that is, a few weeks before the official creation of the Soviet Union in late SEER, 93, 4, OCTOBER 2015 746 December. Although there were in fact two steamers, and even though not all of the intellectuals on board were philosophers, the whole thing is conjointly remembered as ‘the Philosophy Steamer’. The two ships carried away, amongst others, the philosophers Iulii Aikhenval´d (translator of Schopenhauer), Nikolai Berdiaev, Sergei Bulgakov, Semen Frank, Ivan Il´in, Lev Karsavin, Ivan Lapshin, Nikolai Losskii and Boris Vysheslavtsev. This event, which has been compared to the medieval inquisition, marked the end of an era for Russian philosophy — the end of what is sometimes called ‘prerevolutionary Russian Philosophy’, ‘Russian religious philosophy’, or ‘Russian idealism’. Prerevolutionary Russian Philosophy is a tradition that more or less began with the philosophy of Vladimir Solov´ev — who is often regarded as the first great Russian philosopher — and that was developed further by his followers, such as the brothers Trubetskoi, Ernest Radlov, Sergei Bulgakov, Semen Frank, Nikolai Losskii and others. This tradition is characterized as a Christian NeoPlatonism and is said to reach back to Plato and Plotinus through the Byzantium Eastern Fathers (Origen, Clement of Alexandria, and Maximus the Confessor). The religiosity, mysticism, idealism (i.e., Platonism), bourgeois preoccupation with speculative metaphysical issues and sentimentalism of this tradition was perceived as reactionary to the anti...

When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation

Journal Article When the United States Spoke French: Five Refugees Who Shaped a Nation Get access François Furstenberg. (New York: Penguin, 2014. 498 pp. $36.00.) Journal of American History, Volume 102, Issue 1, June 2015, Pages 241–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav262 Published: 01 June 2015

When the United States spoke French: five refugees who shaped a nation

When the United States spoke French: five refugees who shaped a nation

A Spirituality of Study

As a young pastoral associate, weary from years of academic formation and struggling to keep up with the pressures of daily life in the parish, I simply had no time or desire for study. I used to take refuge from study in the fact that, as a Franciscan friar, I am the spiritual son of a man who considered himself ignorant and unlettered. But in time I came to discover that Francis was not completely unlettered, and he certainly was not ignorant. He spoke French (the business language of his day) and wrote in Latin (the academic language of his day). He was also the first person to write in an Italian dialect. In whatever language, his writings prove that while he was probably never a good student in academic circles, he was certainly a good student of life and studied human nature with care. Some would say that it was his study of human nature that led him to be so cautious of academic study. What was the source of his concern? It is interesting to note that the first Franciscans did not share Francis’s fear of education. Clare of Assisi, for example, had a very good grasp of Latin and knowledge of the great spiritual writers of the past. Despite Francis’s being contrary to academic pursuits, Alexander of Hales, Roger Bacon, and many other scholars were attracted to his way of life. The most famous Franciscan scholar of the early

Mrs. Professor

Mrs. Professor