Split Nut Research Articles

Modeling and experimental study on dynamics of a gas-driven split nut device

Modeling and experimental study on dynamics of a gas-driven split nut device

Feasibility study of post-harvest handling of betel nut using a self-developed betel nut cutting machine

The betelnut is one of the main products of community agriculture in Aceh province, Indonesia. There are several post-harvest stages to get dried betel nuts ready for sale, including threshing the betel nut from the bunch, cutting the fresh betel nut fruits, drying, and separating the betel nut from the husk. Every post-harvest handling applied to agricultural machinery will generate production costs. Therefore, this article focuses on highlighting the costs generated by post-harvest handling of betelnut (moisture content of 34.68 to 50.54%) in the cutting of the fresh betelnut fruit process using a betelnut cutting machine. The method used in this research is a technoeconomic analysis using a betel nut cutting machine with a capacity of 11.25 to 43.67 kg/hr. The result shows that the fixed cost of operating this machine is 3,276,000 IDR/year and the variable cost for one to three operators is 14,426.5 to 34,426.5 IDR/hr. The economic feasibility study of using this machine is determined by the break-even point parameter, which leads to the use of the machine for the water content of the split betel nut of 50.54% with the number of operators one person will provide the selling price of the betel nut after splitting in the range of 400 IDR/kg. The use of the sale price of the betel nut is split and will provide break-even points in about 1077 hours or about 5.39 months. This indicates that post-harvest handling of the betel nut cutting machine still makes sense, considering that the selling price of dried betel nut at the community level is still much higher than this cost. Furthermore, this study suggests the establishment of a community cooperative to streamline the operating costs of the machinery from the post-harvest handling of betel nuts.

Modifikasi Mesin Pengupas Pinang Belah Kering Model Thresher

Modify the palm fruit thresher machine into a thresher model dry split betel nut peeler by testing the tool so that it can find out the constraints of the palm fruit thresher machine, and disassembling the components or parts to be modified, namely; cover, collection channel, blade and drive clutch. The cover is designed to function to be sturdy from the impact of areca nuts and is cylindrical. The reservoir channel is designed to allow the peeled betel nut to enter the drain pipe and the blower is in charge of blowing between the peeled betel nut and the seeds. The blade is designed to peel the dry split betel nut. The drive clutch is designed to function as a connector/breaker for the engine rotation to the shaft and plain concrete iron and bearings as a v-belt retainer. In the test with a capacity of 50 kg 1 day drying, peeled 40 kg and unpeeled 10 kg with an average time of 15 minutes is the best test. Therefore, we can conclude that the best peeling results from this dry split betel nut peeler machine are almost 80% peeled.

Uji kinerja mesin pengupas buah pinang kering menggunakan mekanisme pengupas tipe impact rotary poros horizontal

Indonesia was one of the exporting countries of betel nut, lately the selling price of betel nut has increased. Betel nut that has a high selling price, was an old betel nut that has been dried. Various forms of betel nut that were sold in the market include whole betel nut, split betel nut and sliced betel nut. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of the spin speed of the peeling mechanism on the timing and peeling result, and to find out the best interaction between the spin speed and the number of peeling rods that able to producing the best peeling efficiency. The method used in the study was a randomized design experiment consisting of two factors: spin speed (1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm) and the number of peeling rods (12, 18 and 24) with 12 testing interactions. The main parameter observed was the percentage of peeled fruit with whole condition. The performance test result proved that the increase of the spin speed peeling mechanism has an effect on the efficiency of time, when the speed spin of the peeling mechanism increases, the time it takes to peel the dried betel nut was decreases. But this condition was not directly proportional to the increasing percentage of dried betel nut that was whole peeled. The best peeling interaction was at a speed of 1400 rpm, with 18 peeling rods. This interaction produced peeling efficiency, 88% of whole peeled fruit, 12% of split peeled fruit and 0% of the unpeeled fruit.

Pomological and phenological characteristics of the main pistachio cultivars in Greece

The present study aimed to evaluate the pomological and phenological traits, as well as kernel antioxidant potential of the dominant Greek pistachio cultivars, ‘Aegina’ and ‘Pontikis’ (Pistacia vera L.). Blooming of ‘Aegina’ cultivar occurred from early to mid of April, and nut maturation at middle to late of August. Production started at 6 to 7 years from grafting and full production observed at year 13. Blooming and nut maturation of ‘Pontikis’ occurred about 1 to 2 days later than ‘Aegina’ and production started 6 to 7 years from grafting, with full production observed in the 14th year. Mean tree yields reached 18.0 ± 1.0 kg and 17.4 ± 1.1 kg of dry nuts, in ‘Aegina’ and ‘Pontikis’ cultivar, respectively. ‘Aegina’ cultivar presented intermediate tree vigour and spreading growth habit, whereas ‘Pontikis’ high tree vigour and semi-erect growth habit. ‘Aegina’ nut had a narrowly cordate shape and the percentage of split nut was found at 78.5 ± 6.5. ‘Pontikis’ nut had ovoid shape and the percentage of split nut was 84.1 ± 6.2. In ‘Aegina’ cultivar 100 nuts weighted 101.0 g and in ‘Pontikis’ 114.4 g. Color of kernel was green externally and green to green-white internally, greener in ‘Pontikis’. The antioxidant potential of pistachio kernel measured by FRAP assay, total polyphenolic substances, flavonoids, flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids content, did not differ (P > 0.05) between cultivars. Evaluation of ‘Aegina’ and ‘Pontikis’ pistachio cultivars revealed that both are high yielding, with large nut sizes of acceptable appearance and high quality.

Dust Interferes with Pollen–Stigma Interaction and Fruit Set in Pistachio Pistacia vera cv. Kerman

Springtime flail mowing of row middles for weed control in California pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards blows dust into the leafless canopy if it occurs during bloom. The effect of dust on pistachio pollination and fruit set is unknown. Rachises were bagged prebloom and hand pollinated with pollen and dust mixtures at 1:0, 1:1, 1:4, 1:16, and 0:1 volume/volume ratios on five successive days. The 2016 and 2017 trials demonstrated that the inflorescences treated with a high pollen:dust ratio (0:1, 1:4, and 1:16) had significantly lower split nut rates (commercially less profitable) compared with low dust ratio tests (1:0 and 1:1). Our results also showed that dust damaged both pollen viability and stigma quality, particularly if contaminated with herbicide residues (GlyStar® Plus and Treevix®). Decreased yield was a function of decreased fruit set; increased embryo abortion, parthenocarpy, or both; and a lower split nut percentage. The GA3 content in flowers of both the pollen and dust treatments was significantly higher than that in nonpollinated flowers, suggesting dust stimulated parthenocarpy, resulting in empty nutshells, “blanks” at harvest.

Rancangan Mesin Pembelah Buah Pinang Dengan Dua Mata Potong

Betel nut palm plant is one of the many benefits and efficacy, especially seeds. Areca nuts are widely used as the main raw material in the process of making drugs, cosmetics, slimming, snacks, sweets, and coffee. Betel nut processing into betel nut is still constrained by the tool is still modest, are still using wood beams repose knife to split betel nut into two parts. To overcome these problems needed betel nut splitter machine with a capacity of 250 kg / h. This engine design is expected to help farmers during the process of betel nut processing into dried betel nut. The working principle of betel nut splitter machine originated from an electric motor that produces rotation is forwarded to the reducer and to the cutting blade associated with two gears. Betel nut is inserted through the insertion funnel towards the rotor has 4 channels / trench, and rotor spinning and crashing betel nut rotating blades reversed so the rotor besidesbetel nut split into two parts. Shaft rotation speed at the eye-piece and carrier rotor shaft is 9.32 rpm, the rotation speed is obtained from the ratio gearbox and pulley on the engine splitter ratio. With the machine is expected to help farmers to cultivate betel nut, so the work is lighter, faster and may prevent accidents. Shaft rotation speed at the eye-piece and carrier rotor shaft is 9.32 rpm, the rotation speed is obtained from the ratio gearbox and pulley on the engine splitter ratio. With the machine is expected to help farmers to cultivate betel nut, so the work is lighter, faster and may prevent accidents. Shaft rotation speed at the eye-piece and carrier rotor shaft is 9.32 rpm, the rotation speed is obtained from the ratio gearbox and pulley on the engine splitter ratio. With the machine is expected to help farmers to cultivate betel nut, so the work is lighter, faster and may prevent accidents.

The selection of superior pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) genotypes among seedling trees originated from open-pollination

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is considered as one of the most important fruit nuts in the world. The present research was conducted on the morphological evaluation of 96 pistachio seedling trees originated from open-pollination to identify the promising genotypes. Significant differences were observed among the studied genotypes based on the measured traits. Nut dry weight ranged from 0.45 to 1.40 g, while kernel weight ranged from 0.17 to 0.80 g, and also kernel percentage varied from 27.84 to 92.17%. In addition, split nut percentage, as a very important characteristic in pistachio, ranged between 0.00 and 97.37%. Split nut percentage showed positive and significant correlations with bunch weight, fruit number per bunch, nut weight, and kernel width. Kernel weight with high standardized beta coefficients (β = 0.96, P < 0.00) showed a significant positive association with kernel percentage. Thus, kernel weight is highly influencing kernel percentage and thus should be considered in the breeding programs. Principal component analysis indicated 15 components that explained 75.44% of the total variance. The UPGMA dendrogram showed four different clusters, indicating high phenotypic variation among the genotypes. Based on ideal values of the main traits in pistachio, the genotypes no. 28, 46, 8, 12, 58, 31, 61, 5, 20, 51, 74, 47, 64, 88, 32, and 14 were promising and may be used for cultivation. Furthermore, they may be applied as parents to improve the cultivated ones in the breeding programs.

Amelioration of physiological disorders in pistachio nuts by organic manure and gypsum

Pistachio is of high sensitivity to such physiological disorders as fruit abscission, endocarp lesion nut, blank, deformed, early split and non-split nuts. However, little research has been carried out on the physiological disorders in pistachio. In this study, the effects of organic manure, gypsum and boric acid treatments with their combination were studied on physiological disorders in ‘Kaleh-Ghoochi’ Pistachio. The treatments were done in autumn as soil application and physiological disorders as well as tree vegetative growth; in addition, biochemical traits including catalase (CAT), poly phenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonilyase (PAL) enzymes activities, total phenol content and proline content were measured throughout the growth. Results showed that organic manure and gypsum treatments alone or in combination reduced the physiological disorders and improved split nut percent and vegetative growth in pistachio as compared to control; however, combination treatments were more effective than each treatment lonely in reducing physiological disorders and increasing split nuts and vegetative growth. Effective treatments also reduced CAT, PPO, POD and PAL enzymes activities and total phenol and proline contents in the nuts. Generally, an increase in physiological disorders was concomitant with an increase in the enzyme activities and total phenol and proline contents in pistachio. The boric acid has not been effective alone or in the combined treatment in this study.

Effect of supplementary pollination using enriched pollen suspension with Zn on fruit set and fruit quality of pistachio

The effect of pollen supplementation in pistachio using different suspension media (Control: Open pollination, S: 10% sucrose, A: 0.1% Agar, Zn1: 0.01% zinc sulfate, Zn2: 0.02% zinc sulfate, P: 0.1% Pollen) were investigated in two orchards (A and B). Yield (fruit set and fruit drop) and fruit quality (percent split fruit, nut blank, abnormal fruit and kernel mineral content) were tested based on a block complete randomize design with three replications. The results indicated that kernel dry weight and kernel fresh weight were affected by pollination treatments so that treatments of SAZn1P (10% sucrose+0.1% agar+0.01% zinc sulfate+1g/L pollen), SAZn2P (10% sucrose+0.1% agar+0.02% zinc sulfate+1g/L pollen) and SA (10% sucrose+0.1% agar) decreased kernel fresh weight compared to the control. The results also showed that SAZn1P treatment increased nut thickness and nut split percentage in orchard ‘B’. The highest final fruit set was obtained in orchard ‘A’ with SAZn2 treatment. According the results, when pollination is a limiting factor, supplementary pollination using enriched pollen suspension with Zn can improve yield and increase fruit quality.

Boron affects the yield and quality of nonirrigated pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees

In Turkey, more than 95% of the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards are not irrigated. Therefore, a 4-year field trial was conducted to determine the effect of Tarimbor fertiliser (containing 18.5% boron [B]) on the yield, quality, and B content of two pistachio cultivars ('Uzun' and 'Siirt') planted under nonirrigated conditions. Tarimbor was applied to the pistachio trees as a soil application (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/tree) and a foliar spray (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% w/v, using a tractor-mounted sprayer at the 'early bud break' stage and the 'fully leafed out' stage). Both the soil and foliar applications of Tarimbor had a significant effect on the pistachio yield, quality, and B content compared with the control. However, the foliar application resulted in greater improvements in the B content of leaves in both cultivars and the split nut ratio and kernel ratio in 'Uzun'. The greatest increases in yield were observed for the 0.3% foliar application for 'Uzun' (30%) and the 200 g/tree soil application for 'Siirt' (59%). In terms of quality, the application of Tarimbor appeared to have a greater effect on 'Uzun' than on 'Siirt'. No vegetative symptoms of B toxicity were observed in either cultivar when high concentrations of B were applied. Thus, Tarimbor could be used effectively as a foliar spray to enhance the B levels in the leaves of pistachio trees grown under nonirrigated conditions.

Assessment of the Diversity in Fruit Yield and Fruit Components among Sri Lanka Tall Coconut Accessions Conserved Ex-Situ

Characterization of conserved coconut germplasm has been undertaken globally for identification of important features of different accessions for them to be effectively used in coconut breeding. One hundred and fifty seven accessions comprising of local and exotic material have been conserved in ex-situ field genebanks of Coconut Research Institute in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study is to quantitatively characterize nut yield and fruit components by weights among Sri Lanka Tall (Typica) coconut accessions. Twenty local tall coconut accessions were characterized for nut yield and fruit components following Bioversity International descriptors for coconut. Bunch wise nut yield was recorded in all the coconut phenotypes in the six most mature bunches in 25 randomly selected palms from each accession. Sampled nuts were scored for weights of fresh nut, husked nut, split nut and kernel and the weights of husk, water and shell of each nut were derived from the scored data. Analysis of variance by general linear models procedure and mean separation by Duncan’s multiple range test were performed in SAS v8 and principal component analysis and cluster analysis using squared Euclidean distances were performed in Minitab V17. General linear models procedure revealed significant differences for nut yield and all the fruit components at 5% probability level. Walahapitiya recorded the highest average nut yield followed by the Razeena with statistically equal performances. Clovis recorded the highest values for most of the parameters for fruit component analysis followed by the accession Margaret, grouping together in Dendogram and the scatter plot. The highest per nut kernel producer, Clovis, was followed by Margaret with statistically equal performances and this is important because kernel is the main economically important component followed by the husk. Results revealed that there is no significant correlation between nut yield and all the fruit components in tall accessions indicating the importance of taking these two parameters separately to formulate germplasm conservation strategies.

The Effect of Pollen Grains of Pistacia Vera and Pistacia Atlantica ( Unisexual and Hermaphrodite ) on Quality Parameters of Ashoury and Batoury Pistachio Cultivars = دراسة تأثير حبوب الطلع المختلفة للفستق الحلبي و البطم الأطلسي ( طرز مذكرة و ثنائية الجنس ) على جودة صنفي الفستق عاشوري و باتوري

The research was conducted at the pistachio orchards in Swaida Province throughout 2011-2012 seasons on two Pistacia vera female cultivars (Ashoury and Batoury) using 7 male Pistacia spp. pollinizers as male strains (3 P.vera genotypes: Early, Med and Late- 3 hermaphrodite P.atlantica genotypes: PA12, PA35 and PA37 - 1 male P.atlantica genotype: PM3, which were compared with open pollination as control). Pollen viability was carried out through 1-2 days before pollination, and after 20 days of pollen collection for IKI and TTC tests, respectively. In both tests, the hermaphrodite P.atlantica (PA37, PA35) genotypes gave the highest pollen fertility percentages, and the least viability ratio was in P.vera Early genotype. The ability of these pollinators was evaluated according to the most important economic criteria as: nut diameters, sphericity, nuts set percentage, loss nuts percentage (blank and fallen nuts percentage), and split nut percentage. The results indicated to significantly optimization of hermaphrodite P.atlantica genotypes (PA37- PA35) in comparison with all other tested male genotypes on the two pistachio cultivars of the most important studied parameters.

Comparison of the Improved Coconut Hybrid CRIC65 with its Reciprocal Cross and the Parental Varieties for Reproductive Traits

Coconut is an important perennial tree crop which offers a multitude of uses. CRIC65 is the first recommended Sri Lankan hybrid coconut cultivar. Sri Lanka Green Dwarf and Sri Lanka tall are respectively, the maternal and paternal parents of CRIC65 and the hybrid is characterized by precocity, high nut yield and fruit component traits. Our objective in this study was to assess the comparative performance of reproductive traits of CRIC65 and its reciprocal hybrid, Sri Lanka Tall x Sri Lanka Green Dwarf with their parental cultivars. The annual nut yield and the fruit components were scored in sixty sample palms representing each cultivar. The field experiment of the two parents were planted in Kurunegala in a favourable site for coconut and the palms were 18 years old at the initiation of data recording. Time taken for flower initiation of the two hybrids and the data of the parental cultivars were extracted from previous records. The data of the two hybrids were analyzed by Student’s t test. Reproductive traits, time taken for flowering and the annual nut yield were not significantly different, while fruit components, husked nut weight, split nut weight and kernel weight recorded significant differences on a few occasions but without identifying a better performer. The two hybrids were clearly different from their parents for the reproductive traits. In conclusion, we report the equal potential of the reciprocal cross (Sri Lanka Tall x Sri Lanka Green Dwarf) of the main recommended hybrid coconut CRIC65 with respect to the most important reproductive parameters that define CRIC65 in favourable sites for coconut in Sri Lanka.

Quantitative Characterization of Nut Yield and Fruit Components in Indigenous Coconut Germplasm in Sri Lanka

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a tropical palm offering multiple uses. Conservation of coconut germplasm has been undertaken globally in view of its economic importance. This research was designed to evaluate nine Sri Lankan indigenous coconut germplasm representing the three varieties Typica, Nana, and Aurantiaca. Total annual nut yield and the weights of fresh nut, husked nut, split nut, and fresh and dry kernel were scored and analyzed with analysis of variance. The annual average number of bunches varied from 14.9 to 16.8 which is significantly higher than the generally accepted 12–14 bunches in tall coconuts. The high potential of phenotypes Ran thembili and Gon thembili for kernel production was revealed. The high potential of Gon thembili, Sri Lanka Tall, and Ran thembili to produce fibre was also identified. Phenotypes Ran thembili and Gon thembili displayed their potential as pure cultivars and as parents in hybridization. King coconut, Red dwarf, and Bodiri were shown to be suitable as beverage coconuts due to the high production of nuts, bunches, and the quantity of nut water. This study reiterated the importance of conservation and characterization of indigenous coconut varieties globally for their effective use in the genetic improvement of the coconut palm.

COMPARISON OF BLOOM AND HARVEST DATES, ALTERNATE BEARING INDEX AND NUT QUALITY PARAMETERS OF 'GOLDEN HILLS' AND 'LOST HILLS' PISTACHIO CULTIVARS TO 'KERMAN'

From the 1970s through the first years of the 21st century, U.S. growers were completely dependent on the ‘Kerman’ female and ‘Peters’ male pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. As a result of a breeding program conducted by University of California researchers from 1989 to 1996, two female pistachio trees, ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Lost Hills’ were identified as having valuable traits for the U.S. pistachio industry. The ‘Randy’ male cultivar was selected to provide pollen for these earlier blooming females. The performance of these female selections was compared to ‘Kerman’, the industry standard in replicated trials in randomized and replicated trials conducted from 1997 through 2011 in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Traits compared included yield, bloom and harvest timing, and nut quality parameters. The pollination period for ‘Randy’ overlapped that of ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Lost Hills’ and these three cultivars were at full bloom about five days earlier than ‘Kerman’ and ‘Peters’. ‘Golden Hill’s and ‘Lost Hills’ were harvestable two weeks earlier than ‘Kerman’, had a higher split nut percentage and fewer blanks. ‘Lost Hills’ demonstrated less alternate bearing and a greater individual nut weight than ‘Kerman’. ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Randy’ have become established cultivars in California with significant planted acreage.

EFFECTIVE HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE (DORMEX®) APPLICATION FOR BUD BREAK, FLOWERING AND NUT YIELD OF PISTACHIO TREES CV. MATEUR IN WARM GROWING AREAS

SUMMARYClimate change characterized by global warming is expected to have an incidence on fruit trees’ development and production. The severity of these effects depends on lack of chilling. The current study focused on the research of an optimal dose of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) treatment which can advance the bud break of female pistachio trees (Pistacia veraL.) to ensure better blooming synchronization with pollinators. A field experiment was conducted in northern Tunisia (36°49′N, 9°48′E) on mature pistachio trees. Two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 2% and 4% Dormex® were applied with reference to the control untreated trees. The flowering time, vegetative growth, starch content, productivity and nut characters were followed. Results show that 4% Dormex® advanced the normal bud break by 15 days and flowering by 11 days and improved natural pollination by synchronization of male and female flowers. Consequently, fresh yield and nut quality as split and blank rates and nut weight were improved. However, shoot growth, leaf area and starch content in current shoot seemed unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide applications. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used as 4% Dormex® and sprayed 45 days before bud break to improve pistachio productivity and prevent anomalies of lack of chilling due to global warming that could be more frequent in the Mediterranean areas.

Types of Dryers and Their Effect on the Pistachio Nuts Quality- A Review

This review discusses the performance of existing dryers for pistachio drying process, which is available in the literature. It encompasses sun drying, solar dryer, bin dryer, vertical continuous dryer, funnel cylindrical dryer, vertical cylindrical dryer, continuous mobile and steady tray dryer, drum dryer and continuous belt conveyor dryer. The split nut and shell appearance of pistachio nuts are significantly influenced by the drying methods. The types of dryer used for drying pistachio nuts are critical to the final quality of the product. Although sun drying has a good effect on the final product quality, the negative climatic and environmental conditions must be considered. A combination of bin dryer and sun drying or combination of bin dryer and solar dryer, are recommended as effective drying techniques to prevent adverse quality effect on pistachio nut.

Types of Dryers and Their Effect on the Pistachio Nuts Quality-a Review

This review discusses the performance of existing dryers for pistachio drying process, which is available in the literature. It encompasses sun drying, solar dryer, bin dryer, vertical continuous dryer, funnel cylindrical dryer, vertical cylindrical dryer, continuous mobile and steady tray dryer, drum dryer and continuous belt conveyor dryer. The split nut and shell appearance of pistachio nuts are significantly influenced by the drying methods. The types of dryer used for drying pistachio nuts are critical to the final quality of the product. Although sun drying has a good effect on the final product quality, the negative climatic and environmental conditions must be considered. A combination of bin dryer and sun drying or combination of bin dryer and solar dryer, are recommended as effective drying techniques to prevent adverse quality effect on pistachio nut.

NUT QUALITY OF 'KIRMIZI', 'SIIRT' AND 'OHADI' PISTACHIO CULTIVARS AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT POLLINATORS

This study was conducted in Ceylanpinar State Farm in Sanliurfa province of Turkey. The aim of the study was to determine influence of pollens of 3 different pollinators on the nut quality of ‘Kirmizi’, 4 different pollinators on ‘Siirt’ and 2 different pollinators on ‘Ohadi’ cultivars. Three different male types (Male 1, 16 and 23) synchronized to ‘Kirmizi’, 4 different male types (Male 7, 12, 13 and 25) synchronized to ‘Siirt’ and 2 male types (Male 18 and 22) synchronized to ‘Ohadi’ cultivars were used as pollinators and open pollination was used as control. Pomological characteristics were compared to determine the nut quality with respect to the used pollinators on the nuts. 100 nuts weight, split nut ratio, kernel ratio, blank nut ratio, kernel oil and protein content were determined as quality characteristics. According to the average results of 3 consecutive years; 100 nuts weight ranged from 74.00 to 79.40 g for ‘Kirmizi’, 84.48 to 96.34 g for ‘Siirt’ and 75.20 to 76.65 g for ‘Ohadi’; split nut ratio ranged between 25.31 and 36.92% for ‘Kirmizi’, 17.53 to 35.01% for ‘Siirt’ and 3.90 to 9.71% for ‘Ohadi’; kernel ratio ranged from 47.12 to 49.38% for ‘Kirmizi’, 43.24 to 45.10% for ‘Siirt’ and 43.85 to 46.07% for ‘Ohadi’. Blank nut ratio ranged between 29.68 and 37.02% for ‘Kirmizi’, 27.82 to 38.90% for ‘Siirt’ and 11.85 to 33.50% for ‘Ohadi’. Kernel oil content ranged from 39.73 to 43.51% for ‘Kirmizi’, 38.61 to 44.16% for ‘Siirt’ and 45.52 to 48.00% for ‘Ohadi’. Protein content ranged from 18.23 to 19.09% for ‘Kirmizi’, 17.51 to 18.08% for ‘Siirt’ and 18.38 to 20.39% for ‘Ohadi’ with respect to pollinators. Results demonstrated clearly that pollinators affect nut quality in pistachio.