Split Application Of Nitrogen Research Articles

Effect of Leaf Clipping and Nitrogen Split Application on Bridegroom Rice Productivity

Bridegroom rice is one the most important indigenous rice variety predominantly grown in Tamil Nadu, India. Lodging in nature and poor responsive to nitrogenous fertilizers affects the yield of this crop. To minimize crop lodging and to enhance the productivity, a field experiment was carried out during Samba 2023 at Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of leaf clipping and nitrogen split application on bridegroom rice productivity. The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of two factors viz., Factor I -leaf clipping (L): L1- No leaf clipping, L2 - leaf clipping on 30 DAT at one third of leaf, L3- leaf clipping on 45 DAT at one third of leaf and Factor II - split application of N (N) : N1- no splits (no NPK), N2 - 4 equal splits (basal, 25, 50, 75 DAT), N3­- 5 equal splits (basal 20, 40, 60,80 DAT ) and N4 - 6 equal splits (basal, 15, 30, 45, 60 ,75 DAT). Among the treatments, leaf clipping on 45 DAT at one third of leaf along with application of nitrogen in 6 equal split registered its superiority compared to others which recorded the higher values for growth attributes viz., plant height (243cm), number of tillers hill-1 (23.42), root length (33.56cm), root volume (45.19 cc) and dry matter production (12592 kg ha-1),yield attributes viz., number of panicles m-2 (407.62) and number of grains panicle-1 (158.34) and test weight (42.34g) and yields of rice (grain - 3950 kg ha-1­and straw - 6530 kg ha-1­). Thus, it can be concluded that leaf clipping on 45 DAT at one third of leaf along application of nitrogen in 6 equal splits is a viable practice to enhance the growth and yield of bridegroom rice.

Evaluation of the Effect of Urea and Nanourea on Growth Pattern of Rainfed Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen through Nanourea and commercial urea with different time of nitrogen application on Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Fifteen treatment combinations consisting of five different levels of nitrogen through nano urea and commercial urea such as (125% of RDN through nano urea, 100% of through nano urea, 75% RDN through nano urea, 100% RDN through commercial urea and control plot (No nitrogen)) were applied in three split applications of nitrogen at 30,60,90 DAS (40%,40%,20%), 30,60,90,120 DAS (25%,25%,25%,25%), 30,60,90,120 DAS (30%, 30%,20%,20%) were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. The highest absolute growth rates (AGR) for both plant height and dry matter in the context of application of nitrogen through commercial urea were observed during specific growth intervals: 61-90 days after sowing (DAS) for plant height (1.350 cm day-1 plant-1) and 91-120 DAS for dry matter (2.374 g day-1 plant-1). Similarly, when considering split application of nitrogen, the application of nitrogen at 30,60,90 DAS (40%,40%,20%) showed the highest AGR for plant height (1.054 cm day-1 plant-1) during 61-90 DAS and for dry matter (2.158 g day-1 plant-1) during 91-120 DAS. Furthermore, various growth parameters such as CGR, RGR, NAR, and LAI also exhibited their maximum values under both different levels of nitrogen and the mentioned split application of nitrogen.

Standardisation of different levels and split application of nitrogen on quality of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Phule Mosambi

Standardisation of different levels and split application of nitrogen on quality of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Phule Mosambi

Impact of split nitrogen applications on nitrate leaching and maize yield in irrigated loamy sand soils of Northeast Nebraska

AbstractLittle information is available on optimizing the number of nitrogen (N) splits based on nitrate (NO3‐N) leaching and maize yield in sandy soils. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of multiple N splits (2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐N splits) on NO3‐N leaching and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in irrigated loamy sand soil at a producer site in the Bazile Groundwater Management Area of Northeast Nebraska. Porous suction cup lysimeters were installed at a depth of 120 cm to collect pore water samples from 23 leaching events in 2021, a dry year. Increasing the number of N‐splits did not affect the pore‐water NO3‐N concentration; however, it was 169%, 152%, 150%, and 129% higher in 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐N split treatments compared to control, that is, without N application. Though the 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐N splits had 110%, 71%, 120%, and 91% higher area‐based NO3‐N leaching than the control, less deep percolation and more evapotranspiration in control led to no significant differences in area‐based NO3‐N leaching among all treatments. All N‐splits resulted in higher maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency, plant N uptake, harvest index, and aboveground biomass than control; however, the number of N‐splits did not affect these parameters. The inclusion of environmental cost reduced the return to nitrogen by 92–143 $ ha−1 across all N‐split treatments but did not significantly affect the differences among the splits. Overall, the results indicate that increasing the number of N‐splits does not provide agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits in irrigated maize fields during a dry year.

Impact of Split Nitrogen and Potassium Applications on Nutrient Content and Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

An experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Budgam- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, to evaluate the Nutrient Content (Nitrogen and Potassium) and their uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by split application of Potassium and Nitrogen. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design replicated thrice with Potassium splits as main plot factor and nitrogen splits as sub plot factor which resulted in 15 treatment combinations, viz. of potassium @ 30 kg/ha [K1: 100% as basal dose-(RFP); K2: 50% as basal dose + 50% at active tillering; K3: 25 % as basal dose + 75% at active tillering] and 5 treatments of nitrogen @ 120 kg/ha in split ratios of [N1 : 50% as basal + 25% at jointing + 25% at booting stage (RFP); N2:25% as basal dose + 75% at active tillering; N3 : 25% as basal dose +50% at active tillering + 25% at booting; N4 : 50% as basal + 50% at active tillering; N5 : 0% as basal + 75% at active tillering + 25% at booting]. The results of pooled data (2 yrs.) revealed that nutrient content and uptake (nitrogen and potassium) of wheat crop at various phenological stages were significantly more with the application of Potassium in two equal splits in the ratio of 50:50 as compared to the treatment where potassium was applied in one split as 100% basal dose. With the application of potassium in two equal splits (50:50), increase in Nitrogen, Potassium content(%) their uptake and dry matter accumulation by wheat crop was significantly higher as compared to recommended fertilizer application (K1). Application of nitrogen in three splits with reduced basal dose in the ratio of 25:50:25 resulted in an increase of Nitrogen, Potassium content (%), their uptake and dry matter accumulation at all phenological stages by wheat crop and at physiological maturity there was an increase by 2.40%, 7.4%, 10.17 %, 8.83% in Nitrogen, Potassium content (%), their uptake and dry matter accumulation respectively, as compared to recommended practice.

Optimum N-rate and effect of split N fertilization timing on yield and quality in spring oat varieties

Split nitrogen (N) application to oats delays final decisionson total application rate, which could help achieve the economic optimum fertilization rate (OptN) and reduce nitrogen losses. Later topdressing allows adjustment of fertilizer level at a stage when it is easier to predict nitrogen supply from soil. The objectives were: to investigate whether topdressing can be applied after stem elongation and to assess effects on yield and quality in different oat varieties; and to study the variation in optimum N-rate and the possibility to predict and readjust it during the growing season. In 14 field experiments conducted in Sweden 2020–2022, the effect of split nitrogen application, with topdressing at growth stage (GS) 32, GS45, or GS55–61, on yield and quality in six different oat varieties was evaluated. Late topdressing increased grain protein concentration and decreased fat content, but variety was more important for target quality. Compared with a single early application, late topdressing did not affect yield significantly. Year and site influenced yield and quality, similarly for all varieties, but had an impact on the effect N-treatment had on protein. A multiple regression analysis showed that yield at OptN and N-uptake in unfertilized plots at GS31–47, can explain the variation in OptN and thus be used to estimate OptN. Topdressing as late as at GS45–61 increased the chances both of higher protein and more accurate prediction of OptN. Therefore, recommendations for late topdressing can be preferable if there is a target for high protein or if there are incentives to use crop sensors for late and accurate adjustments of N fertilization rates between and within fields. The recommendations should not be dependent on variety.

Effect of Various Improved Technology in Wheat Production Zone of Nepal

The study was held in 2024 in the Kailari, Gauriganga, Godawari, and Dhangadhi local level of Kailali District of Nepal to evaluate and identify the factors impacting the adoption of a number of sophisticated technologies in the research area. Data were collected from 200 respondents utilizing a semi-structured interview form, using simple random selection. The factors influencing the adoption of better technologies in wheat production were identified using a logistic regression model. Age, gender, ethnicity, and area of cultivation are socioeconomic elements that have been linked to the adoption of appropriate agricultural practices, as well as training, technical advice, and membership. The adoption of seed replacement was positively significant (P<0.1) as a result of the training. The adoption of seed varieties was positively significant (P<0.05) for cultivated area. The farmers who were involved in farmer groups or Cooperative had 2.209 times higher odds for the adoption of improved seed compared to the odds for farmers who were not involved in farmer groups. Advice from the technician had a positively significant (P<0.05) impact on the date of sowing. The use of more frequent irrigation was positively significant (P<0.05) in relation to the age of the household head. The split nitrogen application was positively significantly influenced by super zone membership (P<0.05).

The effect of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nutrition

The high input of nitrogen is often required in today's agriculture, especially for the most cultivated crops largely involved in human and animal nutrition, such as winter wheat. Nitrogen is a mobile nutrient in the soil, and the high doses of N are often associated with possible losses through volatilization or leaching. One of the possible options to increase nitrogen use efficiency is the application of fertilizers with inhibitors. The main objective of the presented three-year experiment established under the field conditions at the two experimental sites was to examine the effect of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer (ammonium nitrate sulphate) with the inhibitors of nitrification (IN) (dicyandiamide and 1,2,4 triazole). In addition to the nitrogen content in two forms, this fertilizer also contains sulphur, which can possibly enhance the utilization of nitrogen due to their well-known synergy. The treatments included in the experiment were: 1. Unfertilized, 2. N technology 3. N + S technology and 4. N + S + IN. The total dose of applied N for every fertilized treatment was 159 kg/ha. Treatments 2 and 3 were fertilized with three split doses of N, treatment 4 was fertilized only two times due to the addition of IN (a higher dose of fertilizer in the second application). The results obtained from the three-year experiment showed a significantly higher yield of grain (8.18 t/ha) after the fertilization with N + S + IN in comparison with N + S (7.67 t/ha) and N (7.61 t/ha), which proved the positive effect of IN on nitrogen use efficiency during the vegetation. The differences between qualitative parameters of wheat grain (hectolitre weight, protein and gluten content) were evaluated as statistically insignificant for each fertilized treatment. This similar result is likely due to the IN application, which provided a continuous nitrogen supply during vegetation comparable to the three split nitrogen applications. Thus, our results showed, that the addition of IN to the higher dose of fertilizer applied earlier in the vegetation can provide comparable results in terms of quality to the technologies based on three split fertilizations. The three-year experiment established at two experimental sites has proved, that the application of ammonium sulphate nitrate fertilizers with IN in a higher dose is a better option to the commonly used nitrogen technology, which was also supported by the economic evaluation and the highest net profit.

Effect of split application of nitrogen at different growth stages on grain yield in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of split application of nitrogen at different growth stages on grain yield in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of split application of nitrogen at different growth stages on early sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effect of split application of nitrogen at different growth stages on early sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Growth and yield variability of wheat as effected by split application of potassium and nitrogen

Growth and yield variability of wheat as effected by split application of potassium and nitrogen

Response of chickpea's yield and yield components to double inoculation with mycorrhiza and rhizobium under split application of nitrogen

AbstractThe utilization of advantageous microorganisms as a biofertilizer has gained significant importance in the agricultural industry due to their potential contribution to food safety and the sustainable cultivation of crops. To evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and co‐inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on the yield and yield component of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a 2‐year field experiment was conducted in 2020–2021 at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was designed as a randomized block trial in factorial design with three replicates. The treatments included two levels of inoculation (noninoculated and inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhiza) and application of different levels of N fertilizer (0, 25, or 50 kg ha−1) at three growth stages (sowing, flowering, pod filling) as follows; F0 (0,0,0), F1 (25,0,0), F2 (25,25,0), F3 (25,25,25), F4 (50,0,0), F5 (50,50,0) and F6 (50,50,50), respectively. The results showed that seed inoculation and split N fertilization significantly increased yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Seed inoculation showed the highest values for all traits studied compared to the noninoculated treatments. Moreover, among the fertilizer treatments, the highest values for plant height (41.8 cm), number of branches (9.1), number of grains per plant (17.8) and 100‐grain weight (30.4 g) from F6 through the F3 treatment, were statistically similar. The results show that the effect of inoculation is more significant when a lower amount of N fertilizer is applied. Due to the health and environmental problems associated with chemical fertilizers, double inoculation and split application of N fertilizers at lower doses can be recommended.

Grain protein and amino acid dynamics in sorghum with in‐season split‐nitrogen application

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesField experiments were conducted to assess the influence of in‐season split application of nitrogen (N) on grain protein, protein digestibility, and amino acid dynamics in grain sorghum, in three different environments. Treatments included a zero N check and eight treatments with varying N application timings and amounts.FindingsThe five high N treatments had significantly greater grain protein content than all the lower N treatments. As the total protein increased, the kafirin portion of the protein increased, whereas the albumin‐globulin levels decreased. Nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on 13 of the 18 amino acids. High N applications significantly increased amino acids on a protein basis including alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, proline, and phenylalanine.ConclusionsTreatment N92 with N applied at 92 kg N ha−1 as split application at three different growth stages including planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as the optimum N treatment for increasing protein and amino acid concentration in grain sorghum.Significance and NoveltyThe ideal N application approach identified can be used to screen a wide range of sorghum hybrids under varying levels of irrigation and the same N treatments can be adopted by producers to enhance grain protein in sorghum.

An Agronomic Efficiency Analysis of Winter Wheat at Different Sowing Strategies and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates: A Case Study in Northeastern Poland

This study was undertaken to examine the influence of the sowing date, sowing density, and split spring application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on plant density, tillering, yield components, and grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in northeastern Poland between 2018 and 2021. The experiment had a split-plot design with three sowing dates (early (3–6 September), delayed by 14 days, and delayed by 28 days), three sowing densities (200, 300, and 400 live grains m−2), and three split spring N rates (40 + 100, 70 + 70, and 100 + 40 kg ha−1 applied in BBCH stages 22–25 and 30–31, respectively). The number of spikes m−2 increased by 11% on average when winter wheat was sown with a delay of 14 days (17–20 September) and 28 days (1–4 October). The number of spikes m−2 was highest when winter wheat was sown at 300 and 400 live grains m−2. The application of 100 + 40 kg N ha−1 (BBCH 22–25 and 30–31, respectively) increased the number of spikes m−2. An increase in sowing density from 200 to 300 to 400 live grains m−2 decreased the number of grains spike−1 by 5% and 7%, respectively. Thousand grain weight (TGW) increased by 1% and 2% when sowing was delayed by 14 (17–20 September) and 28 days (1–4 October), respectively. In northeastern Poland, grain yields peaked when winter wheat was sown between 17 September and 4 October (10.52–10.58 Mg ha−1). In late-sown winter wheat, grain yields increased due to a higher number of spikes m−2 and higher grain weight. The highest sowing density (400 live grains m−2) induced a greater increase in grain yields than the lowest sowing density (200 live grains m−2) (10.25 vs.10.02 Mg ha−1). In winter wheat sown at a density of 400 live grains m−2, the increase in grain yields resulted in a higher number of spikes m−2. Grain yields peaked in response to 100 kg N ha−1 applied in BBCH stages 22–25 and 40 kg N ha−1 applied in BBCH stages 30–31 (this split N rate increased the number of spikes m−2). In turn, the highest straw yield (6.23 Mg ha−1) was obtained when the second split of N fertilizer was applied in BBCH stages 30–31 (40 + 100 kg N ha−1). Straw yields decreased significantly (by 6%) when winter wheat was sown late (early October). Delayed sowing (mid-September and early October) increased the harvest index (HI) of winter wheat by 5–7%. Split spring N application influenced grain and straw yields, but it had no effect on the HI of winter wheat.

Effect of Need-based Nitrogen Scheduling on the Growth and Productivity of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

Background: Under the present context of global warming and climate change, the choice of an ecologically hardy crop is having prime importance. Nutrient management is an important approach for improving crop growth and productivity. Among all the nutrients, nitrogen helps in the overall growth of the plant. Nitrogen helps to synthesize chlorophyll and thereby supports building the protein units that enhance plant growth. As nitrogen is highly mobile, it is lost through different ways such as volatilization, leaching, nitrification, etc. Split application of nitrogen through proper scheduling is an important approach to reduce nitrogen loss as well as to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Hence, the investigation was conducted to find out how the scheduling of nitrogen is affecting pearl millet growth and productivity. Methods: The present study was conducted in kharif season of 2022 on pearl millet at Post Graduate Experimental Farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 9 treatments, namely, T1: control, T2: 50% basal RDN, T3: 100% basal RDN, T4: 50% basal RDN + 50% at 30 DAS, T5: 50% basal RDN + 25% at 30 DAS and 45 DAS, T6: 50% nitrogen as basal + topdressing @10 kg nitrogen/ha at sufficiency index less than 95%, T7: 50% nitrogen as basal + topdressing @10 kg nitrogen/ha at sufficiency index less than 90%, T8: 50% nitrogen as basal + topdressing @10 kg nitrogen/ha at sufficiency index less than 85%, T9: 50% nitrogen as basal + topdressing @10 kg nitrogen/ha at sufficiency index less than 80%. Result: The results showed that the application of 50% nitrogen as basal + topdressing @10 kg nitrogen/ha at sufficiency index less than 95% gave the maximum growth, yield, and income was also significantly higher with this application. So, it could be recommended to the farmers for growing pearl millet during kharif season in southern Odisha to achieve higher growth and productivity.

Growth parameters and yield attributes as influenced by doses and split application of nitrogen on wheat in acidic soils of Meghalaya

Growth parameters and yield attributes as influenced by doses and split application of nitrogen on wheat in acidic soils of Meghalaya

Standardisation of different levels and split application of nitrogen on growth and yield of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) OSBECK) CV. Phule Mosambi

Standardisation of different levels and split application of nitrogen on growth and yield of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) OSBECK) CV. Phule Mosambi

Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen Levels in Summer Pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat during summer season of 2022 on loamy sand. The experiment comprised of nine treatment combinations. Significantly higher plant height, earhead/plant, length of earhead, girth of earhead, test weight, grain and straw yield as well as protein content were recorded under 120 kg N/ha and application of nitrogen at 25% as basal + 75% as top dressing. The same level of nitrogen along with split application of nitrogen provided maximum net realization value and BCR. Application of 150 kg N/ha and split application of nitrogen 40% as basal + 60% as top dressing were at par with 120 kg N/ha and 25% as basal + 75% as top dressing, respectively.

Effect of split application of nitrogen and nano-urea supplementation on growth,yield and economics of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2021-22 at MARS, UAS Raichur, Karnataka to study the effect of split application of nitrogen and nano-urea supplementation on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). The results revealed that application of 100 % N (Two Splits - 50% N as basal + 50% N as top dressing) recorded higher seed yield of linseed which was found at par with the 75% N (Two Splits - 50% N as basal + 50% N as top dressing). The growth parameters, yield attributes and seed yield of linseed was significantly higher with two sprays of nano-urea @ 3ml /litre each at flower initiation stage and capsule development stage, which was found almost at par with the two sprays of 2% urea at flower initiation and capsule development stage. Economic analysis revealed that higher gross monetary returns and net monetary returns were noticed under the application of two sprays of nano-urea @ 3ml /litre each at flower initiation stage and capsule development stage.

Effect of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to Split Application of Nitrogen at Different Stages under Irrigated Conditions

A field experimentation was conducted at carried out during kharif 2022 at research farm, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur. The objectives were to study the effect of nitrogen and split application of nitrogen on growth and productivity of pearl millet. The experiment consisted of 9 treatment combinations comprising three levels of nitrogen (100% RDN (60 kg N/ha), 125% RDN (75 kg N/ha) and 150% RDN (90 kg N/ha) with three levels of split application of nitrogen (Full dose of N at sowing, ½ N at sowing + ½ N at tillering (20-25 DAS) and 1/3 N at sowing + 1/3 N at tillering (20-25 DAS) + 1/3 N at boot stage (35-40 DAS)). The experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The result revealed that levels of nitrogen significantly influenced highest plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation at different stages, chlorophyll content in leaf at 60 DAS, number of effective tillers per plant, length of ear, test weight, grain, stover, biological yields, NPK content and their uptake and protein content with the application of 125% RDN (75 kg N/ha) over 100% RDN (60 kg N/ha). Significantly higher net return (Rs 56315/ha) and highest B:C ratio (2.03) were also obtained with 125% RDN (75 kg N/ha). Further, the split application of nitrogen significantly influenced plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content in leaf at 60 DAS, number of effective tillers per plant, length of ear, test weight, grain, stover, biological yields, NPK content and their and protein content with the application of 1/3 N at sowing + 1/3 N at tillering (20-25 DAS) + 1/3 N at boot stage (35-40 DAS) over full dose of N at sowing and ½ N at sowing + ½ N at tillering (20-25 DAS). This treatment also increased significantly net return (Rs 67552/ha) and B:C ratio (2.45) rest of the treatments