Splenic-gonadal Fusion Research Articles

Testicular and paratesticular tumors and tumor-like lesions in the first 2 decades.

The spectrum of testicular tumors and tumor-like lesions that affect young patients (defined for purposes of this article as less than 20 years old) differs significantly from that in an older age group. Although germ cell tumors remain the single largest category, they are a smaller proportion than in adults. Furthermore the pathogenesis and behavior of comparably named germ cell tumors differ depending on whether or not they have developed in prepubertal or postpubertal patients. This is most apparent for the teratomas, which are almost uniformly benign in children but, with some notable exceptions, malignant in the older patients. But even the most common malignant tumor of the testis in children, the yolk sac tumor, despite its identical morphology, lacks the association with other germ cell tumor types, including intratubular germ cell neoplasia, and more aggressive behavior that typify the adult tumors. Among the sex cord-stromal tumors, the juvenile granulosa cell tumor predominates in children, mostly occurs in those under 1-year old, and, for all intents and purposes, is not seen in the postpubertal period. It has a distinctive morphology and, to date, a uniformly benign outcome. There are additional tumors in the sex cord-stromal group that are mostly seen in young patients, including the large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor and intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia. The former is sometimes associated with the Carney syndrome and, to date, all of the latter with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. The subtypes of lymphomas and leukemias that involve the testis in children are rare in older patients, and similar remarks pertain to the metastatic tumors, where neuroblastoma (especially) and Wilms׳ tumor are most common but may be mimicked by primary tumors originating in the paratestis. The pseudoneoplastic lesion, the testicular "tumor" of the adrenogenital syndrome, is usually found in young patients and bears a strong resemblance to the Leydig cell tumor, although there are features that allow its distinction, which is important given its frequently bilateral nature and amenability to medical management through glucocorticoid administration. One of the preferential sites for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the paratestis of young patients, where the spindle cell variant predominates. The melanotic neuroectodermal tumor (retinal anlage tumor) usually occurs in the first year of life, typically involves the epididymis, and uncommonly metastasizes. Occasional cases of the desmoplastic small round cell tumor present in the paratestis of teenagers, and some distinctive tumor-like lesions of the paratestis may also be seen, including meconium periorchitis and splenic-gonadal fusion (occupying both testis and paratestis). These tumors and tumor-like lesions and many others are discussed in this review with the hope it will provide the diagnostic pathologist aid in recognizing the lesions and providing some insight into their clinical significance.

X-ray computed tomography and sonography features of continuous splenogonadal fusion

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly where the spleen is attached to either testicular or ovarian tissues. In present case, splenogonadal fusion presents as a large mass consciously connected to atrophic testis in left scrotum. The diagnosis of splenic gonadal fusion relies on radiologic and pathologic findings. Uniform density and vessels connection originating from splenic hilum between principle spleen and let testicle were observed with ultrasound and X-ray computed tomography (CT). Surgical exploration ruled out malignancy, extratesticular scrotal mass with affected testicle was removed. Pathologic examination demonstrated that ectopic spleen tissue and ipsilateral atrophic testis. Our data suggested that orchiectomy should be performed when contralateral testicle is normal and the affected testicular appeared significantly atrophy.

Splenic-Gonadal Fusion in a 6-Year-Old Boy, Confirmed by Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Scanning

Splenic-gonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly, in which splenic tissue is connected to the gonad. It is almost always on the left side, is difficult to be recognized, and unfortunately the final diagnosis is confirmed after an unnecessary orchiectomy in one-third of the cases. We report a case of splenic-gonadal fusion in a 6-year-old boy, referred for a palpable mass at the left testicle. Ultrasound and MRI were performed; and the final diagnosis was confirmed by Tc-99m colloid scanning. The child was operated, orchiectomy was avoided, the mass was removed, and pathology confirmed normal splenic tissue.

Splenogonadal Fusion In Bilateral Cryptorchidism: A Case Report

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation in which there is an abnormal fusion between spleen and the gonad or derivatives of the mesonephros. Approximately 140 cases have been reported. We describe a child with bilatereal cryptorchidism in whom splenic gonadal fusion presented as an testicular torsion.

Male splenic-gonadal fusion of the continuous type: sonographic findings

A new case of splenic-gonadal fusion in an 8-year-old boy is reported in which the sonographic findings were highly suggestive to include the condition in the differential diagnosis. A separate mass with medium-level echoes and a homogeneous echo texture, surrounded by a clearly visible echogenic capsule, was found in contact with the lower pole of the left testis. The particular character of this congenital anomaly is emphasized and the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed.

Case report: Splenic-gonadal fusion — The ultrasound appearances

We report the ultrasound appearances, with pathological correlation, of splenic-gonadal fusion in a patient who presented with an asymptomatic scrotal swelling. Ultrasound examination showed an echo-poor 2 cm diameter lesion in the upper pole of the left testicle. Histologically the lesion was normal spleen. Splenic-gonadal fusion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal swellings.

Splenic gonadal fusion: M.M. Walther, T.S. Trulock, D.P. Finnerty, et al. Urology 32:521–523, (December), 1988

Splenic gonadal fusion: M.M. Walther, T.S. Trulock, D.P. Finnerty, et al. Urology 32:521–523, (December), 1988

Female splenic-gonadal fusion of the discontinuous type

Splenic-gonadal fusion is an extremely rare congenital anomaly that results from fusion between the splenic and gonadal anlage during embryonic development. Approximately 90 cases have been reported in the literature. The condition has been divided into two major subgroups: continuous splenic-gonadal fusion in which a continuous cord-like structure connects the spleen and the gonadal-mesonephric structures, and discontinuous splenic-gonadal fusion in which no such connection exists. We report a case of discontinuous splenic-gonadal fusion in an adult woman with no evidence of other anomalies or malformations, the fifth reported case of splenic-gonadal fusion occurring in a female. To our knowledge, this is the first case of discontinuous splenic-gonadal fusion reported in a female patient, and the second case of splenic-gonadal fusion reported in an adult woman.

Splenic Gonadal Fusion

Splenic gonadal fusion is a rare anomaly that is frequently associated with skeletal abnormalities. Although rare, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses in children. Routine frozen section prevents unnecessary orchiectomy. We describe a child with limb anomalies in whom splenic gonadal fusion presented as an incarcerated inguinal hernia.

Splenic-gonadal fusion: Identification by radionuclide scanning

Splenic-gonadal fusion is an unusual congenital anomaly resulting from the fusion of the splenic and gonadal anlagen at approximately the sixth week of gestation. A 14-mo-old male presenting with signs and symptoms of testicular torsion underwent scrotal exploration, and ectopic splenic tissue was found adjacent to the left testis. The operative diagnosis of splenic-gonadal fusion prompted abdominal scanning with 99mTc-sulfur colloid. The radionuclide image demonstrated an unusual pattern of activity that was consistent with surgical descriptions of the intraabdominal appearance of this disorder. It is suggested that 99mTc-sulfur colloid scanning may prove to be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with this anomaly.

Splenic-gonadal fusion

Two cases of splenic-gonadal fusion are presented that illustrate the common clinical features of the malformation. Even though this condition is reported rarely, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses, especially in children.

Splenic-Gonadal fusion

A case of the continuous type of splenic-gonadal fusion in association with phocomelia is reported A case of the continuous type of splenic-gonadal fusion in association with phocomelia is reported

Splenic-gonadal fusion and adrenal cortical rest associated with bilateral cryptorchism

A patient with bilateral cryptorchism had ectopic splenic tissue adherent to his left testicle and an adrenal cortical rest adherent to his right testicle. The embrylogic basis for these disorders is discussed and the literature reviewed.

Splenic-Gonadal Fusion in a Japanese Boy

Splenic-Gonadal Fusion in a Japanese Boy

Splenic-gonadal fusion

A case of splenic-gonadal fusion is presented with a review of the salient features of this condition as reported in the literature.

Splenic gonadal fusion: case report

<h2>Summary</h2> A case of splenic-gonadal fusion is described in which the spleen was connected to the left testis by a continuous cord. This case, like 5 of the 31 previously reported, also showed defective development of the limbs.

Splenic-gonadal fusion causing bowel obstruction.

Wagensteen¹states that a "wandering spleen" can produce extrinsic pressure on the colon and can cause partial large-bowel obstruction. The following case is the first reported in which a splenic-gonadal fusion produced similar findings. The patient also has severe ectromelia. <h3>Report of Case</h3> A 15-year-old boy was admitted to Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital on Jan. 20, 1960, complaining of abdominal pain of 24-hours' duration. The pain was cramping in nature and had gradually localized to the right side of the abdomen. He had anorexia, nausea, and had vomited once. There was no history of chronic constipation or similar abdominal pains. However, he had no stool during the week prior to his admission. Other than the usual childhood diseases, his health had been good and he had had no surgery. On physical examination his temperature was 99.8 F, orally, the blood pressure 96/60, and the pulse 126 per minute. The

CONTINUOUS SPLENIC-GONADAL FUSION WITH ECTROMELIA: TERATOGENESIS

A case of continuous splenic-gonadal fusion with ectromelia is reported. The teratogenesis of the anomaly is discussed. A mesenteric attachment of the splenic cord is described, and the blood supply of the splenic cord was studied in serial sections. The findings lend strong support to the theory that the splenic and gonadal-mesonephric structures fuse by means of the caudal limiting fold rather than across the coelomic epithehium.