Spirituality In Nursing Research Articles

Correlation of nurses' perception of spirituality and spiritual care with spiritual care practices in Indonesia: A cross-sectional survey.

Spiritual care is essential to nursing practice, contributing to holistic patient care. However, the relationship between nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care with their engagement in spiritual care practices remains underexplored, particularly in Indonesia. Understanding this relationship is crucial for enhancing the quality of care provided to patients. This study aimed to examine the correlation between nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care with their spiritual care practices in Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving a total of 300 nurses working in healthcare facilities across Indonesia. Data were collected via an online survey conducted from March to May 2024, using validated questionnaires: the Indonesian adaptation of the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale (NSCTS). Spearman Rank Correlation was used to assess the relationship between nurses' perceptions of spirituality and their engagement in spiritual care practices. The study found that nurses held a positive perception of spirituality, with a mean score of 3.85 (SD = 0.41) regarding statements related to spirituality and spiritual care. However, they reported providing spiritual care only occasionally, with an average frequency of 3-6 times over a 72 to 80-hour work period. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.235, p <0.001) of nurses' perception of spirituality and spiritual care with their engagement in spiritual care practices. The study highlights the need for targeted education and training to enhance nurses' competencies in spiritual care practices. Addressing spiritual needs is vital for holistic patient care, and improving nurses' perceptions and practices in this area can significantly benefit patient well-being.

Nursing undergraduates' experience of participating in the Internet + Nursing Program and their spiritual education needs: A qualitative study from the perspective of the Neuman System Model.

This study aimed to explore the qualitative aspects of nursing undergraduates' experience of participating in the Internet + nursing program and their spiritual education needs from the perspective of the Neuman system model. Using a descriptive qualitative study design, twelve full-time undergraduates at Chengde Medical University from June to July 2022 who had completed their clinical internship were interviewed one-on-one, and a purposive sampling method was adopted. Moreover, Colaizzi's phenomenological method was employed to analyze the data and improve the themes. In the Internet + nursing program, the lack of spiritual education for undergraduates can be summarized into the following four themes: lack of spiritual consciousness; lack of spiritual education and spiritual nursing knowledge; high demand for spiritual education; and cognition of the current situation of basic nursing education in China and thoughts on incorporating Internet-related technologies into future nursing education. At the school and hospital level, importance should be placed on the basic education of spirituality and psychological nursing, and appropriate measures should be taken to improve the knowledge level of spirituality and psychological nursing as well as the capacity of spiritual nursing, in order to ensure high-quality nursing services.

Basic Concepts of Spiritual Nursing

Basic Concepts of Spiritual Nursing

The Correlation Spiritual Intelligence of Nurse’s Toward Fulfillment of Spiritual Nursing Care at Bali Mandara Regional General Hospital

Background : English Arial italic 9 terdiri dari Introduction, Method, result and Conclusion Fulfillment of spiritual nursing care is a form of holistic nursing care that is influenced by spiritual intelligence, in providing nursing care, nurses will not only focus on physical nursing care, but also approach holistic care, namely bio-psycho-social-spiritual because nurses are professional workforce in providing nursing care such as playing a role in helping healing and providing care among human beings. Objective : The purpose of this research is to determine the correlation spiritual intelligence of nurse’s toward fulfillment of spiritual nursing care at Bali Mandara Regional General Hospital. The type of quantitative research, is correlative analysis with a cross-sectional study approach involving 209 respondents selected by probability sampling technique namely random sampling, conducted in March-April 2023. The analysis used the Spearman rho test. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the spiritual intelligence of nurse’s was in the high category (61.2%) and the fulfillment of spiritual nursing care was mostly in the high category (55%). Results: the results of analysis by test Spearman rho’ shows that the spiritual intelligence of nurses is related to the fulfillment of spiritual nursing care with a moderate correlation (p-value 0.001 &lt;0.05, r = 0.408). Conclusion : It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation the spiritual intelligence of nurse’s toward fulfillment of spiritual nursing care at the Bali Mandara Regional General Hospital with a positive correlation direction.

Spiritual care needs and their attributes among Chinese inpatients with advanced breast cancer based on the Kano model: a descriptive cross-sectional study

BackgroundNumerous previous research have established the need for spiritual care among patients with cancer globally. Nevertheless, there was limited research, primarily qualitative, on the spiritual care needs of Chinese inpatients with advanced breast cancer. Furthermore, the need for spiritual care was rarely explored using the Kano model. To better understand the spiritual care needs and attributes characteristics of inpatients with advanced breast cancer, this study examined the Kano model.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional design study was conducted in the oncology departments of three tertiary grade-A hospitals in China from October 2022 to May 2023. To guarantee high-quality reporting of the study, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Checklist was used. Data on the demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale (NSTS), and the Kano model-based Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Attributes Scale (K-NSTAs) were collected through convenience sampling. The Kano model, descriptive statistics, two independent samples t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe overall score for spiritual care needs was 31.16 ± 7.85. The two dimensions with the highest average scores, “create a good atmosphere” (3.16 ± 0.95), and the lowest average scores, “help religious practice” (1.72 ± 0.73). The 12 items were distributed as follows: three attractive attributes were located in Reserving Area IV; five one-dimensional attributes were distributed as follows: three one-dimensional attributes were located in Predominance Area I, and two were found in Improving Area II; two must-be attributes were located in Improving Area II; and two indifference attributes were located in Secondary Improving Area III.ConclusionThe Chinese inpatients with advanced breast cancer had a middle level of spiritual care needs, which need to be further improved. Spiritual care needs attributes were defined, sorted, categorized, and optimized accurately and perfectly by the Kano model. And “create a good atmosphere” and “share self-perception” were primarily one-dimensional and must-be attributes. In contrast, the items in the dimensions of “share self-perception” and “help thinking” were principally attractive attributes. Nursing administrators are advised to optimize attractive attributes and transform indifference attributes by consolidating must-be and one-dimensional attributes, which will enable them to take targeted spiritual care measures based on each patient’s characteristics and unique personality traits.

STUDI KORELASIONAL SPIRITUALITAS DAN BURNOUT SYNDROME PERAWAT RUANG INTENSIF SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary pressure on medical personnel, especially nurses who work in critical wards. They are faced with high health-related risks as well as constant psychological stress. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience during the pandemic. This research was conducted using a survey method and data collection through questionnaires (SWBS (Spiritual Well Being Scale) and MBI-HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey)) which were given to 55 nurses who work in critical rooms selected using total sampling techniques. Research data was analyzed using Chi-square with Fisher's Exact Test. The research results showed that almost all nurses had a high level of spirituality (85.5%) and the majority of nurses did not experience burnout syndrome (60.0%). The calculated statistical value obtained a sig (2-tiled) value of 0.007 (p&lt;0.05) meaning that there is a significant relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience. Nurses with higher levels of spirituality tend to experience lower levels of burnout. This indicates that aspects of spirituality, such as strong beliefs and regular spiritual practices, act as protective factors in reducing the risk of burnout syndrome. Apart from that, it is also important to include a holistic approach that pays attention to spiritual aspects in care and support for nurses during pandemics and other critical situations.

The relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy and nursing spiritual care behaviors in school-age children in pediatric room

Introduction: Spiritual care for children is important in the care provided by nurses so that children do not feel guilty when being treated in the hospital. It is important for nurses to understand that the process of providing nursing care is bio-psycho-social and spiritual based. This study aimed to find out the relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy, and nurse behavior in the provision of spiritual care for school-age children in hospitals. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach with a purposive sampling technique followed by 102 nurses who cared for school-age children in a pediatric nursing room. Knowledge was measured using the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale, Self-Efficacy was measured by Burkhart Spiritual Care Inventory (BCI), and Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale (NSCTS) to measure behavior. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Spearman correlation test. Results: There was no significant correlation between knowledge and behavior (p = 0.181; r = 0.133); however, there was a significant correlation of nurse behavior with self-efficacy (p = 0.027; r = 0.219), age (p = 0.015; r = 0.240), length of work (p = 0.021; r = 0.228), and spiritual care training (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge does not have a significant relationship with behavior. However self-efficacy, age, length of work, and spiritual care training significantly affects the nurse's behavior in providing spiritual care to school-age children in the hospital.

Spiritual Care Competencies and the Frequency of Spiritual Care Practices of Nurses in Turkey.

This descriptive study aimed at determining the spiritual care competencies and the frequency of spiritual care practices of nurses. A total of 119 nurses working in the palliative care unit, oncology services, and intensive care units of a state hospital in Turkey participated in the study. The data were collected by the Participant Information Form, Spiritual Care Competence Scale, and Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale. Spiritual care competencies of the nurses were found to be high; the frequency of spiritual care practices was determined as moderate. We found a positive correlation between the spiritual care competencies and the frequency of spiritual care practices of nurses. There was a significant difference between nurses' received spiritual care training status and their scale scores. In addition, nurses who believed that spiritual care was an important part of nursing care, and an important need of patients,had higher scale scores.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutic Scale for Oncology Patients and Caregivers.

This study evaluated the Turkish version of the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutic Scale for assessing oncology patients' and caregivers' needs. It involved 200 participants from July 2022 to May 2023. The scale demonstrated high validity (content validity index = 0.97) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.879). Factor analysis revealed a 20-item single-factor structure with satisfactory representation (factor loadings: 0.29-0.89). Item-total score correlations indicated moderate to strong relationships (0.236-0.761). The model showed a good fit (goodness-of-fit indices > 0.90). The Turkish version of the scale is valid and reliable for assessing oncology patients' and caregivers' spiritual care needs.

Spiritual Care Expectations Among Cancer and Noncancer Patients With Life-Threatening Illnesses.

Spirituality is a core element in holistic nursing care. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the spiritual care expectations of cancer and noncancer patients with life-threatening illnesses. The aim of this study was to identify the spiritual care expectations of vulnerable patients with life-threatening illnesses. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches, and data were collected from 232 patients. For quantitative data, we used the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale (NSTS), which comprises 20 items. Qualitative data were collected using an open-ended question. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and item and factor analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The mean score of spiritual care expectations ranged from 2.27 to 3.07. There was a significant difference in NSTS mean score between cancer and noncancer patients. In exploratory factor analysis, NSTS was extracted into 3 factors and items belonging to the 3 factors showed similarity between cancer and noncancer patients. Qualitative data using content analysis revealed the following 3 themes: "treat with respect," "religious support," and "comfort with presence." The 3 factors corresponded with 3 themes: factor I versus "treat with respect," factor II versus "religious ritual," and factor III versus "comfort with presence." Spiritual care expectations of cancer and non-cancer patients with life-threatening illnesses were identified and the findings provide valuable data regarding the expectations of patients' spiritual care. Our findings emphasize integrating patient-reported outcomes with spiritual care to stimulate patient-centered care, thus promoting holistic palliative or end-of-life care.

An integrative review on cadaver practice among undergraduate nursing students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences and perceptions of nursing students related to their cadaver practice through an integrative review.Methods: An integrative review was conducted using Whittemore and Knafl’s framework published in 2005. The key words, “nursing students &amp; cadaver” and “nursing students &amp; anatomy” were used to search peer-reviewed publications in six databases. Among 373 searched articles, 15 articles were selected after excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The literature quality was moderate (levels C and B).Results: The results from the 15 selected studies were integrated and classified into seven themes: “anxiety and discomfort,” “gratitude and respect for donors,” “dignity of the human body and life,” “acceptance of death,” “getting closer to the nursing profession,” “enhanced understanding and memory of the human body” and “enhancement of learning motivation.”Conclusion: In conclusion, cadaver practice provided an opportunity to form values about the dignity of life and death, helped nursing students understand the human body, and motivated them to approach the profession of nursing. It is suggested to develop integrated cadaver practice programs that incorporate bioethics, spiritual nursing, and the vocation of the nursing profession.

Keperawatan Spiritual di Bali

This study aims to determine the description of spiritual nursing in Bali. The research method used is quantitative observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The research results on the fulfillment of spiritual needs by nurses in Bali are primarily in the medium category of 50%. At the same time, 32.5% are in the high class. Only 17.5% are in a common type. The fulfillment of spiritual needs by nurses in Bali is mainly in the medium and high categories. Only a tiny proportion of spiritual realization is in a low type. Caring has been embedded in nursing care, which is a form of implementing the spiritual dimension. In conclusion, the nurse's activity in implementing the concept of caring is an indirect part of spiritual care. A holistic and humanist approach is a strategy that needs to be instilled as part of professional nursing care. The aspect of spirituality is an essential dimension for providing excellent care in the era of disruption.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Tourism Health, Spiritual Nursing

Do the Compassion and Spirituality Levels of TurkishNursing Students Influence their Attitudes Toward Organ Donation?

This study was a descriptive-correlational design whichevaluated the relationship between compassion and spirituality levels and attitudes toward organ donation among Turkish nursing students. Asample of 296 participants studying in the nursing department of a foundation university in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year was formed. A descriptive information form, Spirituality Scale, Compassion Scale, and Organ Donation Attitude Scale were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate scale scores. The compassion levels of students were high, their attitudes toward organ donation were positive and strong, and their level of spirituality ([Formula: see text]= 18.71 ± 6.10) was slightly above average. Higher levels of spirituality and compassion were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward organ donation (p < 0.05). The compassion and spirituality of nurses should be high for raising public awareness of organ donation.

Nurses' Existential Spirituality, Nursing Oncological Patients

The phenomenon of nurses' spirituality is relevant in the holistic nursing of oncological patients, providing spiritual care. Its basis is the phenomenon of spirituality, i. e. the aspect of spirituality is felt, experienced. The nurse, providing spiritual care, shall know and reflect the phenomenon of spirituality herself/himself, in her/his own life.&#x0D; The aim of the research is to reveal the existential spirituality of nurses, taking care of oncological patients.&#x0D; The research issue (problem) includes the following main questions: How do nurses, taking care of oncological patients, reflect spirituality in their own practical activities? How do nurses reflect on the nurse‘s and the patient‘s spiritual relationship, providing care for oncological patients?&#x0D; A qualitative research was conducted at National Cancer Institute, Unit X, using an interview method.&#x0D; The existential spirituality of nurses is revealed, performing their favourite work, in which they do realize themselves and have the opportunity to improve themselves, to communicate with patients, and create an empathetic relationship with them.&#x0D; The internal strength for nurses is provided by knowledge, experience at work, character-hardening and positive real-life experiences, thoughts about the transience of life, the desire to give hope and kindness to the patient. Nurses' personal experiences of crises and losses lead to empathy and compassion for their patients. Nurses reveal the nobility of patients by looking at each patient as a full-fledged person with the hope of recovery; and own nobility through professionalism, creating an empathetic relation with patients.

Spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure: An observational study.

To investigate the spiritual care needs and their attributes among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure (CHF) based on the Kano model, in order to provide a reference for improving the quality and satisfaction of spiritual care. An observational design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used to ensure quality reporting of the study. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, and the Kano model-based Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Attributes Scale were used. A convenience sample of 451 patients were selected from 2 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, and Kano model were used to analyze the data. The total score of spiritual care needs was 29.95±7.51. Among the 12 items, 3 items were attractive attributes, all of which were located in Reserving Zone IV; 5 items were one-dimensional attributes, of which 3 were located in Predominance Zone I and 2 were located in Improving Zone II; 2 items were must-be attributes, all of which were located in Improving Zone II; and 2 items were indifference attributes, all of which were located in Secondary Improving Zone III. The spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe CHF were moderate. The must-be and one-dimensional attributes mainly focus on "creating a good atmosphere" and "sharing self-perception" dimensions, while attractive attributes mainly focus on "sharing self-perception" and "helping thinking" dimensions. It is suggested that hospital authority should develop and innovate attractive attributes on the basis of maintaining and perfecting must-be and one-dimensional attributes, and objectively analyze and optimize indifference attributes.

Frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care: An international comparison.

To compare the frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care across diverse cultures. Given an ethical imperative to respect patient spirituality and religiosity, nurses are increasingly taught and expected to provide spiritual care. Although nurses report positive attitudes toward spiritual care, they typically self-report providing it infrequently. Evidence about the reported frequency of spiritual care is constrained by substantial variation in its measurement. This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved secondary analysis of data collected in multiple sites globally using one quantitative instrument. Data were collected from practicing nurses using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis procedure with random-effect modelling. Datasets from 16 studies completed in Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, Turkey and the United States contributed to a pooled sample (n=4062). STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional observational studies were observed. Spiritual care varied between countries and within countries. It was slightly more frequent within Islamic cultures compared with predominantly Christian cultures. Likewise, frequency of spiritual care differed between nurses in palliative care, predominantly hospital/inpatient settings, and skilled nursing homes. Overall, "Remaining present…" was the most frequent therapeutic, whereas documenting spiritual care and making arrangements for the patient's clergy or a chaplain to visit were among the most infrequent therapeutics. In widely varying degrees of frequency, nurses around the world provide care that is cognisant of the spiritual and religious responses to living with health challenges. Future research should be designed to adjust for the multiple factors that may contribute to nurses providing spiritual care. Findings offer a benchmark and begin to inform nurse leaders about what may be normative in practice. They also encourage nurses providing direct patient care that they are not alone and inform educators about what instruction future nurses require.

Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale: Validation Among Nurses Who Care for Patients With Life-Threatening Illnesses in South Korea.

Although clinical and empirical literature documents the variety of spiritual care interventions available to palliative care clinicians, the frequency with which they are provided is rarely and inadequately measured. Given the growing interest in implementing spiritual care across Asia, including South Korea, this study sought to cross-culturally validate the Korean version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS-K), a scale initially developed in the United States. The World Health Organization process for cross-cultural adaptation of scales and Polit and Yang's process for evaluating validation were implemented. With data from a sample of 252 Korean nurses providing care to patients with life-threatening illnesses, various statistical procedures for evaluating validity and reliability were applied during this cross-sectional, observational study. Exploratory factor analysis for the structural validity of the Korean scale generated 3 factors that accounted for 69.40% of the variance. The Cronbach α was 0.95. The NSCTS-K is one of the few scales available to determine the impact of nurse-provided spiritual care frequency on patient outcomes. Thus, this tool can quantify the frequency of spiritual care better and be used in quality improvement initiatives or palliative care research.

Needs for nurses to provide spiritual care and their associated influencing factors among elderly inpatients with stroke in China: A cross-sectional quantitative study.

To investigate the spiritual care needs and associated influencing factors among elderly inpatients with stroke, and to examine the correlations among spiritual care needs, spiritual well-being, self-perceived burden, self-transcendence, and social support. A cross-sectional quantitative design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used as the foundation of the study. A convenience sample of 458 elderly inpatients with stroke was selected from three hospitals in China. The sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being, the Self-Perceived Burden Scale, the Chinese Self-Transcendence Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Student's t-test, ANOVA, non-parametric, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The total score of spiritual care needs was 29.82 ± 7.65. Spiritual care needs were positively correlated with spiritual well-being (r = 0.709, p < 0.01), self-transcendence (r = 0.710, p < 0.01), and social support (r = 0.691, p < 0.01), whereas being negatively correlated with self-perceived burden (r = -0.587, p < 0.01). Religious beliefs, educational level, residence place, disease course, spiritual well-being, self-perceived burden, self-transcendence, and social support were found to be the main influencing factors. The spiritual care needs were prevalent and moderate. It is suggested that nurses should enhance spiritual care knowledge and competence, take targeted spiritual care measures according to inpatients' individual personality traits or characteristics and differences of patients, reduce their self-perceived burden and improve their spiritual well-being, self-transcendence and social support in multiple ways and levels, so as to meet their spiritual care needs to the greatest extent and enhance their spiritual comfort.

The Effect of Spirituality on Burnout Nurses in West Sumatra Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: Spirituality can make a nurse have self-acceptance to the conditions and changes that occur in themselves and their work environment and adapt to the conditions they experience. Nurses who work in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic experience conditions that are vulnerable to emotional disturbances such as discomfort, anxiety, and stress, these conditions can lead to burnout. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of spirituality on burnout in nurses in hospitals in West Sumatra, Indonesia. METHODS: The population of this study were nurses in four hospitals in West Sumatra Province, with a total sample of 221 nurses selected by proportional random sampling method. The instrument used is the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality to measure the spirituality of nurses and to determine burnout in nurses is the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. RESULTS: The results showed that nurses’ spirituality was moderate, with an average value of 3.40. Nurses experienced a moderate level of burnout with an average score of 2.1. The statistical results showed no significant relationship between spirituality and nurses burnout in hospitals in West Sumatra during COVID-19. CONCLUSION: It hoped that the hospital could make religious activities in preventing nurse burnout so that nurses can face problems in the workplace.

Validation of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale in Portuguese palliative care settings: a methodological study.

Spirituality is a critical dimension in palliative care, but difficulties have been described in literature concerning the effective implementation and measuring of spiritual care. To translate, adapt and validate the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS) in Portuguese palliative care settings. A methodological study was conducted. A final version of the questionnaire included the scale and was submitted to full psychometric testing using nurses working in Portuguese palliative care settings. A total of 88 nurses participated. The average age of the sample was 36.1 ± 8.93 years (range 23-60 years), and 92.0% were women. A Cronbach alpha value of 0.88; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy 0.80; and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were adequate. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring with an oblimin rotation that resulted in a three-factors solution. The European Portuguese NSCTS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess the frequency of nurses' activities concerning spirituality in palliative care.