Spiral Process Research Articles

Autistic People's Perspectives on Parental Diagnosis Disclosure: A Grounded Theory Study.

Being diagnosed with autism has multiple implications for a person's life and self-identity. Although learning about autism at a younger age is correlated with quality of life, only a few studies have addressed parental disclosure thereof. This study conceptualizes autistic adults' perspectives on parental disclosure. The methods combine grounded theory with the emancipatory research paradigm, drawing on autistic people's personal knowledge. Eighty-five autistic adults participated in six focus groups (51 male, 33 female, 3 non-binary; Mage = 25); and 41 autistic adults were interviewed (22 male, 17 female, 2 non-binary; Mage = 28). Both focus groups and individual interviews addressed the way participants learned about their diagnosis from their parents, and their recommendations to other parents on how to disclose. Based on these findings, we developed autistic-driven recommendations for parental disclosure process. The participants viewed the diagnosis as validating their experienced otherness, helping them overcome shame, and promoting their self-understanding and self-advocacy skills. They recommended disclosure as soon as possible after diagnosis and stressed the importance of gradual disclosure according to the child's abilities. Furthermore, they suggested focusing on how autism manifested in the child's own life, rather than "autism" in general. Finally, they recommended presenting autism as a neutral or positive quality, highlighting its strengths and networking the child with other autistic individuals. In conclusion, this study reveals that parental disclosure is an ongoing and spiral process. The proposed model contributes significantly to post-diagnostic support for parents, providing a framework for effective communication about autism with their children.

Research on the Construction of Teacher Professional Learning. Community in the Web 3.0 Era

China’s teacher education reform has always advocated the establishment of a teacher-professional learning community to promote teacher professional development and school progress. In the Web 3.0 era, the increasingly open, secure, and fair network has created conditions for the teacher professional learning community to conduct data confirmation. However, in China, the phenomenon of a “silent spiral” has emerged in the professional learning community of teachers, that is, the inferior opinions of teachers in the professional learning community turn to “silent”, and the superior opinions shout, which to a certain extent hinders the creation, protection, and sharing of teacher metadata, affects the development of data right confirmation in the field of education, and slows down the pace of teacher education practice. This study mainly focuses on the value of building a Chinese teacher professional learning community in the Web 3.0 era, the specific difficulties and reasons, and how to develop a Chinese teacher professional learning community in the future. This study mainly adopts the method of documentary review and draws on the “spiral of silence” theory, which regards the expression of opinions and the spread of “silence” as a spiral process of social communication, and influences and restricts public opinion by creating an “opinion environment”. It is found that under the background of the Web 3.0 era, there is an information cocoon in the professional learning community of teachers, and teachers are affected by the diversity of information. Teachers fear independence and generally produce a herd mentality. It is easy to ignore the disadvantageous climate in the professional learning community of teachers, resulting in the continuous silence of teachers. In addition, teacher groups tend to be too stressed and unable to resist the opinion environment. Therefore, the research draws the following conclusions, the construction of teacher professional learning community should adhere to positive guidance, cultivate the correct learning concept, and build the core value concept; Strengthen teachers’ group consciousness, establish a common vision, and make teachers have a sense of belonging to the community; Coordinate the “online + offline”, build a learning mechanism, and salvage the silent voice of the group in the professional learning community of teachers; Provide supporting conditions around the key development issues of the community to promote the growth of opinion climate.

My Journey to Become a Social Worker: Defining Moments of Professional Identity Formation

Abstract Whilst a main task of social work education is to develop the student's professional identity, the literature on social workers’ identity formation is limited. Drawing on twenty-one reflective written assignments, this qualitative study examined defining moments as perceived by third-year Israeli social work students—moments seen as most influential in their process of professional identity formation. The crafting of a social worker identity was found to be an ongoing and spiral process, unfolding across three main spheres: (1) coping with challenges as an opportunity for development; (2) sparkling experiences validating the emerging professional identity; and (3) intersections of personal and professional identities. The findings suggested that through a process of guided reflection and discussion, often facilitated in supervisory sessions and classroom settings, students were able to transform their experiences into cornerstones for structuring their emerging professional identity. These dynamics underscore the significance of directly incorporating professional identity exploration as an integral part of the social work curriculum.

Tree of Life in Community Nursing Practices: Curriculum Analysis of Five Universities

Objective: To interpret community academic practices based on the analysis of the curricula of nursing programs from five universities located in the Eje Cafetero (Coffeee Region), Colombia 2021-2022. Method: Qualitative hermeneutic study with a documentary review of curricular elements in nursing programs related to community practices. The document analysis was conducted using a spiral process of preconceived interpretation. The curricular components were examined to gain insight and depict them within the metaphorical framework of the tree of life. Results: From the analysis, an emerging pattern is identified, represented through the metaphor of the tree of life: “the being” (the roots), where the student’s lived experience is essential for comprehensive learning for self and others’ care; “the knowledge” (the trunk), where research and knowledge connect with “the reflective practice” (the branches), which emerge in the context of care in various settings through collaborative and sociopolitical work. Conclusions: Community academic practices are developed by considering three key components: “the being” with ethical commitment and critical thinking, “the knowledge” through sociopolitical knowledge and human social development, and “reflective practice,” a result of the skills acquired by students.

Systematic review using a spiral approach with machine learning

With the accelerating growth of the academic corpus, doubling every 9 years, machine learning is a promising avenue to make systematic review manageable. Though several notable advancements have already been made, the incorporation of machine learning is less than optimal, still relying on a sequential, staged process designed to accommodate a purely human approach, exemplified by PRISMA. Here, we test a spiral, alternating or oscillating approach, where full-text screening is done intermittently with title/abstract screening, which we examine in three datasets by simulation under 360 conditions comprised of different algorithmic classifiers, feature extractions, prioritization rules, data types, and information provided (e.g., title/abstract, full-text included). Overwhelmingly, the results favored a spiral processing approach with logistic regression, TF-IDF for vectorization, and maximum probability for prioritization. Results demonstrate up to a 90% improvement over traditional machine learning methodologies, especially for databases with fewer eligible articles. With these advancements, the screening component of most systematic reviews should remain functionally achievable for another one to two decades.

Defense against smart invaders with swarms of sweeping agents

The goal of this research is to devise guaranteed defense policies that allow to protect a given region from the entrance of smart mobile invaders by detecting them using a team of defending agents equipped with identical line sensors. By designing cooperative defense strategies that ensure all invaders are detected, conditions on the defenders’ speed are derived. Successful accomplishment of the defense task implies invaders with a known limit on their speed cannot slip past the defenders and enter the guarded region undetected. The desired outcome of the defense protocols is to defend the area and additionally to expand it as much as possible. Expansion becomes possible if the defenders’ speed exceeds a critical speed that is necessary to only defend the initial region. We present results on the total search time, critical speeds and maximal expansion possible for two types of novel pincer-movement defense processes, circular and spiral, for any even number of defenders. The proposed spiral process allows to detect invaders at nearly the lowest theoretically optimal speed, and if this speed is exceeded, it also allows to expand the protected region almost to the maximal area.

Experiencing Transformative Learning during Participatory Needs Assessment of a Public School: Journeys and Arrivals to Relational Ontology(ies)

This paper discusses experiences from school-based needs assessment within a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project aimed at facilitating quality education in public schools of rural Nepal. Being often a first stage in the process of research-action, Participatory Needs Assessment (PNA) offers space for community members’ perceptions and attitudes toward their collective needs. In this light, this paper takes evidence from the first and the second authors’ Ph.D. experiences, under the supervision of the third and the fourth authors to initiate PNA of a school. Also, incorporating the reflections from the fifth author as a critical friend, it observes the political, epistemological, ethical, and methodological challenges of doing such assessments; the challenges of involving all the stakeholders in identifying problems, and the transformative possibilities the approach inherently brings within it. On the whole, the paper reflects how, despite manifold conflicting interests of the multi-group stakeholders, relational ontology(ies) emerged in the cyclical and spiral process.

Fear of Missing Out, Reflective Smartphone Disengagement, and Loneliness in Late Adolescents.

Reflective smartphone disengagement (i.e., deliberate actions to self-regulate when and how one should use one's smartphone) has become a necessary skill in our ever-connected lives, contributing to a healthy balance of related benefits and harms. However, disengaging from one's smartphone might compete with impulsive psychosocial motivators such as fear of missing out (FoMO) on others' rewarding experiences or feelings of loneliness. To shed light into these competitive processes, the present paper disentangles the reciprocal, over-time relationships between reflective smartphone disengagement, FoMO, and loneliness using data from a two-wave panel study among emerging adults (16-21 years of age). Measurement-invariant structural equation modeling suggests that FoMO and reflective smartphone disengagement negatively predict each other over time, indicating a possible spiraling process. In addition, reflective smartphone disengagement was also negatively related to feelings of loneliness. Together, these findings underline (a) how young people's impulsive and reflective system compete with each other over control of their smartphone usage, where (b) psychosocial benefits of reflective smartphone disengagement were validated among emerging adults, potentially helping them to strengthen the benefits and limit the harms of permanent interactions with and through technology.

Collecting Field-Based Oral Language Data: Experiences and Reflections

This article unfolds our experiences and reflections of field-based oral corpus collection from the Nepali language in the business setting applying observation, audio-recording, interview and field notes as qualitative techniques. Understanding our own role as auto ethnographic researchers-as-authors, in this article, we draw a set of fieldwork traits: the simplicity of the fieldworker(s), context-dependence of appropriating research ethics, and understanding fieldwork as a spiral process. Based on our practical experiences, we recognize that the qualitative interview is an inefficacious technique for collecting functional linguistic data. Likewise, preserving the linguistic-cultural identity of the source language in terms of its forms, functions and sense while translating the corpus is challenging. We also recognize some fundamental traits to be followed by an oral corpus collector: relative simultaneity of data collection and analysis, the researcher’s autonomy in selecting the topic, the value of good planning in research, research as work and habits, and life and health as being more important than research. The insights derived herein are expected to be pivotal for the researchers working in a similar field.

A case study on the Recovery Experiences of Problematic Online Gamblers

ABSTRACT This study analysed the recovery experiences of problematic online gamblers in South Korea using the case analysis method proposed by Padgett (1998). Ten cases participated in this study. Analysis revealed four types of difficulties in recovery from problematic gambling (prevalent conditions of online gambling, the dilemma of access blocking, anonymity’s role in enabling secret relapses, and constant temptation from betting companies) and four types of recovery strategies (access blocking, transparent online access, temptation blocking, and traditional recovery strategies). Moreover, the spiral process of recovery was discovered.

The Era of Vascular Surgery in a War Country

The objective of this presentation is to reflect on the limited choices for vascular reconstruction in Yemen, which is under war and siege; to emphasize the challenges for vascular surgeons to conduct such a risky and complicated operation with the lack of vascular instruments and materials needed; and to point out that an immensely critical and almost amputated upper limb of a young man could be saved despite the limited facilities. A 25-year-old man presented with acute ischemia after massive bleeding. While he was operating a factory machine, his left hand slipped into the sharp spiral processing machine, and the hand was dissected like minced meat from the palm up to the elbow, with massive loss of skin, muscles, and soft tissues. The initial decision was above-elbow amputation. The computed tomography angiogram showed a defect of the brachial artery from 5 cm above the elbow joint to 2 cm before the radio-ulnar bifurcation and a variant anomaly of the blood arteries with trifurcation of the radial, ulnar, and the origin of the common interosseous artery. The vascular intervention started immediately to reduce the ischemia time with a brachia-trifurcation autologous bypass with the basilic vein in reversed technique and muscle-flap coverage for the distal anastomosis due to lack of skin and soft tissue, then followed by orthopedics fracture fixation. Because of the multi injury of the radial artery at the wrist joint, we decide to ligate the radial artery and let the blood supply of the hand with the ulnar artery alone. After 63 days of inpatient treatment with multiple washouts; unfortunately in Yemen, we do not have basic devices such as a vacuum-assisted closure device of a wound VAC; therefore, we had to do every second-day washout at the operation theater. However, if that device was available, we would have conducted an intraoperative dressing with silver foam every 7 days. Vascular trauma in a war country leads to a catastrophic endpoint and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following injury. Ligation of vascular injury remains the first choice for many surgeons for the initial treatment strategy, especially for minor or distal vascular injuries, but unfortunately for femoral or brachial arteries, injury management is with the amputation of the limb. Despite the limitation of surgical facilities, we managed to save the patient's massively traumatized hand.

The Use of A Collaborative Learning Strategy of Think-Pair-Share by Listening to An English Dialogues to Improve Learning Outcomes

This study aims to improve cadet learning outcomes through the application of cooperative learning model. The subject of this study is a cadet of the TPS study program batch 58 of the Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries for the 2022/2023 academic year. This class consists of 39 cadets with a cadet composition, namely 10 female cadets and 19 male cadets. This cadet was chosen as a research subject because this cadet has a low ability to understand listening before. The object of this study is the result of learning to listen to short English dialogues. The location of this research is in the class of cadets of the TPS study program batch 58 of the Jakarta Fisheries Polytechnic. The study was based on preliminary observations that indicated cadets had problems listening. In accordance with the purpose of this study, which is to improve learning outcomes in listening, this research was carried out in the form of classroom action research. This class action research is described in a cyclical or spiral process consisting of several steps, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. This class action research is carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of three sessions of which two sessions are for action and one session for testing. The results of this study showed that the learning outcomes of listening to cadets increased by applying the Think Pair Share (TPS) type or cooperative learning model. This can be seen from the average score of cadets in the test. The average score of cadets in the pre-test was 48.27. Then it increased to 72.75 in cycle I (one). This result is not satisfactory because it has not met the completeness criteria that have been targeted by researchers. The results of cadet scores increased after researchers modified teaching and learning activities in cycle II. As a result, the average score of cadets has increased to 86.20 and 93% of cadets have achieved learning completion, which means that it has exceeded the target of 75%. It can be concluded that the application of the cooperative learning model can improve the listening ability of cadets from the results of the study.

Mediating effect of job crafting dimensions on influence of burnout at self-efficacy and performance: revisiting health-impairment process of JD-R theory in public administration.

In recent years, job crafting has greatly interested Work and Organizational Psychology. Different research studies have shown its positive impact on people and organizational performance. However, it knows little about the differential effect of the two dimensions that make up this variable (prevention-focused and promotion-focused) and its role in the health-impairment spiral process of the job demand-resources theory (JD-R). This research aims to analyze the mediating effect of the different dimensions of job crafting on the influence of burnout on performance and self-efficacy in the workplace. The study used a sample of 339 administrative employees of a university. The results indicate that promotion-focused job crafting is a mediating variable in the relationship between the influence of burnout on performance and self-efficacy. Unexpectedly, prevention-focused job crafting does not have this mediating role in the same relationship. These findings confirm the adverse impact of burnout on personal and organizational improvement, while showing the absence of prevention/protection responses of employees when they are burned out. The theoretical and practical implications show an advance in knowledge about the process of health deterioration and about the spiral of health deterioration in the JD-R theory.

Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process.

Previous studies using retrospective questionnaires have suggested a complex relationship between perceived stress and related negative emotions and emphasized their importance in mental health. However, how daily perceived stress, anxiety, and depression interact dynamically in a natural context remains largely unexplored. This study conducted a longitudinal survey that applied experience sampling methodology to data from 141 Chinese college students (58% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 1.63 years). The hierarchical linear models confirmed that daily perceived stress and negative emotions (i.e., perceived depression and anxiety) could reciprocally reinforce one another with the characteristic dynamics of a cognitive-emotional downward spiral. Additionally, anxiety and depression could further circularly aggravate each other imminently. These two intertwined downward-spiral processes constitute a double-downward-spiral model. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactive mechanisms underlying perceived stress and its related negative emotions in everyday life and highlight the significance of early emotion regulation and stress relief in healthy people.

Percentages versus Rasch estimates: alternative methodological strategies for replication studies in mathematics education

ABSTRACT We present an external close replication of the 1985 Fischbein et al. study about intuitive models of multiplication and division. We administered two batteries of mathematics items developed in the original study, via a spiralling process, to a quota sample of 903 students attending grade 7. Compared with the analytic strategy based on the count of correct answers employed in the original research, our study goes a step further as we propose a methodological approach that guarantees measurement invariance, thus allowing for the direct comparison of different groups of students and/or items. The advantages of Rasch estimates compared to percentages of correct answers over the total are critically discussed to show why the former should be considered as more robust than the latter.

КОДЕКС АМАЛЬФИ (TABULA AMALFITANA): ПУБЛИЧНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ЧАСТНО-ПРАВОВОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

Introduction: many modern legal institutions were originated and developed significantly in the law of the Italian city-states in the medieval period, which makes it important to study individual sources of medieval Italian law. Purpose: to introduce into scientific discourse the historical and legal doctrine of the Amalfi Code, which is a documentary monument of the 11th century. Objectives: to translate the available text of this document from the lingua franca; to describe the historical background of its creation; to establish the relationship between custom and statutory law in the legal practices of medieval Italy (through the example of the city of Amalfi); to perform institutional analysis of the text; to determine the relationship of private law and public law provisions; to assess the influence of the Amalfi Code’s legacy on the modern Russian legal framework. Methods: the universal dialectical-materialistic method of scientific cognition; deterministic, logical, and historical methods (the last one as formulated by the ancient historian Thucydides, involving the study of the prerequisites, economic and socio-geographical background, driving forces, subsequent influence of historical events). Results: the paper introduces the Amalfi Code into scientific legal discourse; the content of its text is explained in the context of historical events preceding, accompanying, and following the creation of this legal act. Its corresponding connections with Roman law, Arabic law, legal customs, and the medieval practice of law enforcement are studied. The legal institutions that were formalized in the document are analyzed through the prism of a symbiosis of the provisions of private and public law. From the perspective of ideas about the spiral process of social evolution, this phenomenon is currently manifested in the design of the national anti-corruption policy model in Russia: one of the most effective countermeasures aimed against such a criminal law phenomenon as corruption is appropriation of civil servants’ assets burdened with a defect in declaring that is performed under civil law (see subitem 8 of Item 2 of Article 235 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The paper provides an analysis of the views of medieval jurists on the institution of financial insolvency/bankruptcy as a type of highly qualified fraud; parallels with this phenomenon in the modern Russian legal space are drawn. Conclusion: the study of the Amalfi Code made it possible to identify trends and patterns in the evolution of the legal system of the medieval thalassocratic city-states and to extrapolate them to modern legal realities.

Sharing is caring: The role of compassionate love for sharing coworker work-family support at home to promote partners' creativity at work.

Integrating the work-family facilitation model with the integrated model of human energy, we advance a process perspective involving both members of a couple (i.e., actor and partner). We examine the effects of coworker work-family support at work onto actor work-family support provision at home (i.e., work-to-family facilitation) as well as the consequences of partner work-family support receipt at home for partner work-related creativity through a resource gain spiral process at work (i.e., positive affect, flow, and need satisfaction at work; family-to-work facilitation). We further test whether actor compassionate love moderates the dynamic mechanisms that connect coworker work-family support to partner's creativity. Results of two experience-sampling studies support our model. We find that on weeks with higher coworker work-family support, couples report greater work-family support provision and receipt, which leads to resource gain spirals at work and higher work-related creativity for partners. Furthermore, actor compassionate love strengthens the positive work-home dynamics that follow from coworker work-family support and promote partner's work-related creativity. We critically discuss our findings and reflect on practical interventions, which may encourage greater work-family support provision at work and at home. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Reimagining sport/leisure workplace design and management: conceptualizing sport/leisure employee growth

ABSTRACT Rationale/purpose The purpose of the study is to construct a model of sport/leisure employee growth within the framework of positive deviance. The model is meant to provide scholars and practitioners with innovative strategies to improve the performance and experiences of participants, consumers, and employees. Design/methodology/approach The study is conceptual and relies on the tenets of positive organizational scholarship to frame the innerworkings of the model and their ramifications for sport/leisure organizations. Findings The model’s antecedents include job design, job crafting, and attitudes toward innovation and development from organizational leaders. The antecedents provide applications from different levels of sport/leisure organizations, and the spiral structure of the model consists of a renewable process that includes meaningful work, knowledge acquisition, and innovativeness. Outcomes of the spiral process are proposed for three different constituencies within sport/leisure organizations: employees (psychological well-being), consumers/participants (subjective well-being), and the overall organization (performance). Practical implications The model provides an employee-based framework to enable improved experiences and functionality within sport/leisure organizations. Research contribution A positive deviance perspective is applied to the managerial elements of sport and leisure. The model can be used to enable virtuousness among sport/leisure employees which is proposed to have a cascading effect throughout the organization.

CFD-DEM investigation of fluid and particle motion behaviors in initial stage of spiral separation process at low solids concentration

ABSTRACT The evolution law of fluid and solid motion in the initial stage of spiral separation process is critical for mineral particle separation. The current research intends to investigate the fluid and particle motion behaviors in the initial stage of a spiral separation process using a CFD-DEM approach. The results show that the motion behaviors of fluids and particles in the initial stage of spiral separation process could be separated into three states: the development state, the transition state, and the relatively stable state. In the development state, water flows outward with a rapid change of velocity and film thickness. Meanwhile, fluid forced particles to move outward rapidly with no obvious trajectory difference. In the transition state, a collision between the slurry and the outer trough sidewall happens with changing the moving direction of fluids and particles. Following the collision, the flow field distribution tends to be relatively constant, and the light particles progressively migrate to the spiral trough’s outer edge, while heavy particles gradually move to the spiral trough’s inner edge.

School EFL Teachers’ Research Identity Construction in the Chinese University–School Community

Despite a relatively large number of studies on teachers’ identity development in the University-School community, few studies have explicitly focused on school EFL teachers’ research identity construction. This study adopts the Activity Theory and examines three English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers from three middle schools in a University–School community in China. It investigates how three teachers constructed their research identity and what factors influenced the construction of their identities within the University–School activity system from the dual perspectives of the school and university teachers. Data are collected through semi-structured narrative interviews, triangulated by documents such as meeting minutes, and then analyzed by NVivo 12. The findings of this study show that (1) the University–School collaborative program helps form a University–School community of both teaching and research; (2) in this community, school EFL teachers continuously construct their identities in a spiral process of “practitioner” and “researcher”; (3) it highlights the internal factors containing the research experience and the stage of career and the external factors including the curriculum reform context and the communication in the community. The findings carry important implications for school EFL teachers’ research identity construction and professional development in the University–School cooperation.