Spindle Shape Research Articles

Charged atomization characteristics and influencing factors analysis of aviation kerosene/ethanol blended fuel

ABSTRACT In this study, an experimental apparatus for charged atomization was established to explore the charged atomization modes of blended aviation kerosene/ethanol fuels and the corresponding evolution of atomization modes for E0 (100% aviation kerosene), E10 (10% ethanol + 90% aviation kerosene), E30 (30% ethanol + 70% aviation kerosene), and E50 (50% ethanol + 50% aviation kerosene) blends with varying applied voltages. Furthermore, the influence of the ethanol blending ratio, electrode separation distance, fuel flow rate, nozzle diameter, and other influencing factors on the charged atomization characteristics was investigated. Experimental results within the 0 to 10 kV voltage range revealed that as the voltage increased, the E0 fuel transitioned from droplet formation to spindle shape without exhibiting atomization, while the E10, E30, and E50 fuels displayed a sequential progression of atomization modes including droplet, micro-droplet, pulsed-jet, cone-jet, deflected-jet, and multi-jet configurations. As the ethanol blending ratio increases, the critical voltage required for the transition to atomization mode decreases, while the atomization cone angle gradually increases. The average atomization cone angles are 38.98°, 49.97°, and 66.83° for E10, E30, and E50, respectively. When the nozzle diameter is reduced from 1.05 mm to 0.3 mm, the charged atomization cone angle does not change significantly. With increasing fuel flow, the critical voltage for the atomization mode transition increases progressively, and the charged atomization cone angle also increases. The average atomization cone angles are 65.80°, 88.45°, 93.04°, 103.63°, and 110.97°, respectively.

Assessment of Biology and Fertility Life Table of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus Predating on Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach

Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), commonly known as the mustard aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae), is the most notorious, globally distributed, and obligatory ectoparasite of many field crop including rapeseed and mustard. An investigation was carried out to assess the biology and fertility life table of Coccinella septempunctata in Bio-control lab, Department of Entomology at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar following the standard protocol at the laboratory condition of temperature (T) 25±2°C, relative humidity (RH) 65±5% RH, and 16:8 light:dark (L:D). Biological studies revealed that Coccinella septempunctata (L.), predatoryfemale laying eggs either singly or in masses (546.90 eggs/female) were vibrant yellowand spindle shape with an incubation period of 3.50 days. Hatchability was 86.00±5.62 per cent. There were four grub instars followed by pre-pupal stage, mean grub duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was 1.68±0.47, 3.18±0.60, 3.08±0.65 and 5.02±0.73 days. Total grub duration extended for 12.97±0.61 days. Larval survival was 74.44 per cent, followed by a pre-pupal period of 1.05±0.18 days and pupal duration of 5.93±0.86 days. Total grubs and pupal period were computed to be 18.90 ± 1.16 days with adult emergence 77.22 per cent. Total developmental period, from egg to adult was 23.45±1.20 days. Adult became darker in colour and have seven spots, three on each wing and one in the middle, near the head and act as predator to control mustard aphid. Females of beetle survived longer than the males with ovipositional period of 23.10 days and preponderance of female has been noticed with female: male ratio of 1.62: 1 in the study.

A New Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.)‐Assisted Green Synthesis Method of Metal Oxides (TiO2, MgO)

AbstractIn the reaction environment of wax gourd extract, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were synthesized by microemulsion method. Under atmospheric pressure, the optimum conditions for preparing TiO2 and MgO nanoparticles were investigated at different reaction temperatures and time. The obtained optimal reaction conditions are as follows: when the amount of TiCl3 solution was 70 µL, the mass ratio of wax gourd extract to water was 1:2, the reaction time was 60 min, and the reaction temperature was 35 °C, rod‐like TiO2 particles with the best dispersion and crystallinity were obtained. When the amount of MgCl2 solution was 10 mL, the amount of wax gourd extract was 40 mL, the reaction time was 120 min, and the reaction temperature was 70 °C, the prepared MgO particles exhibited a spindle shape with the best dispersion and crystallinity. Wax gourd‐assisted synthesis of TiO2 and MgO provides not only a new synthesis idea for the preparation of metal oxides, but also a green environmental protection system, which conforms to the concept of sustainable development.

Fabrication of hydrothermal PPKTP and its spontaneous parametric down-conversion characteristics

High-voltage electric field polarization, selective corrosion, current monitoring, and other methods are used to develop hydrothermal PPKTP. It is found that the reversal domain nucleation of hydrothermal-grown KTP crystals has four kinds of microscopic morphology, namely, strip shape, spindle shape, bullet shape and irregular shape, in the process of high voltage electric field polarization. Compared with the leakage current in the process of polarization of flux-grown KTP crystals, the hydrothermal-grown KTP crystals only exist when the applied electric field is much larger than the coercive field. The leakage current can be suppressed by multiple loading of short pulses, and the PPKTP with a poled period of 10 μm and 46 μm were fabricated, respectively. Subsequently, based on the fabricated PPKTP, the SPDC characteristics are studied. To the PPKTP with a poled period of 10 μm, the quantum entanglement source whose brightness exceeds 2.1 kHz @ 810 nm is prepared by the SPDC technique. Otherwise, the PPKTP with a poled period of 46 μm is used for SPDC, and the brightness of entangled photon pairs in channel 1 and channel 2 are 3.21 kHz @ 1560 nm and 5.31 kHz @ 1560 nm, respectively.

Characterization of neuronal differentiation in human adipose-derived stromal cells: morphological, molecular, and ultrastructural insights

ObjectiveAdipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have shown promise as a potential source of neural differentiation. In this study, we investigated the morphological, molecular and ultrastructural features of ADSCs during neuronal differentiation. MethodsADSCs were induced in vitro and their differentiation was examined at different time points. Immunocytochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of neuron-specific markers NSE and MAP-2. Immunofluorescence double labeling and Western blot detected the co-expression of presynaptic markers (CaMKII, SynCAM1, SYN) and postsynaptic markers (PSD-95, Synapsin I). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to detect the synaptic structural features of differentiated neurons. ResultsADSCs showed diverse morphological features during differentiation, gradually acquiring a neuron-like spindle shape and organized arrangement. The expression of neuron-specific markers and synaptic markers peaked at 5 h of induction. Scanning electron microscopy showed polygonal protrusions of ADSC-derived neurons, and transmission electron microscopy showed characteristic ultrastructures such as nidus, synaptic vesicle-like structures, and tight junctions. ConclusionOur findings suggest that ADSCs differentiated for 5 h have neuronal features, including morphological, molecular, and ultrastructural resemblance to neurons, as well as the formation of synaptic structures. These insights contribute to a better understanding of ADSC-based neuronal differentiation and pave the way for future applications in regenerative medicine and neurodegenerative diseases.

Study on the evolution characteristics of coal mass spalling during coal and gas outbursts

The process of coal and gas outbursts (called outbursts for short) are commonly accompanied by coal mass spalling and fragmentation, but the formation mechanism of spalling is still unclear. To clarify this mechanism, this research constructs multi-layered combined coal-rock mass model. Based on the stress wave propagation mechanism, it’s found that outbursts initially start from ‘weak layer’. Besides, there are two significant results by analyzing the process of unloading waves formed by sudden pressure relief of the excavation face. Firstly, in the axial direction, due to the internal impact of the coal mass during the unloading wave propagation, the load shock wave is formed. The tensile stress is formed on the surface of the coal mass, resulting in rapid damage to the coal mass and even multi-layered spalling. Secondly, in the radial plane, permanent standing surfaces will be formed when the unloading wave catches up with the plastic load wave. Under effect of the unloading wave, internal impact will occur a series of load shock wave, resulting in the formation of multi-layered spalling in the radial plane. In addition, the attenuation law of the load shock wave generated by the internal impact in multi-layered coal mass is also analyzed, results showed that the thickness of coal mass spalling formed far away from the free surface will increase. Finally, the three-dimensional dynamic damage path and the spindle shape damage area formation mechanism in coal mass under external dynamic load are analyzed, which provides a new idea for elucidating the outbursts mechanism.

Empagliflozin attenuates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through senescence in peritoneal dialysis.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the senescence processes; reportedly, antisenescence therapies effectively reduce EMT. Some models have shown antisenescence effects with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Therefore, our study investigated the antisenescence effects of empagliflozin as an SGLT2 inhibitor in a peritoneal fibrosis model and their impact on EMT inhibition. For in vitro study, human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated and grown in a 96-well plate. The cell media were exchanged with serum-free M199 medium with d-glucose, with or without empagliflozin. All animal experiments were carried out in male mice. Mice were randomly classified into three treatment groups based on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or empagliflozin. We evaluated changes in senescence and EMT markers in HPMCs and PD model. HPMCs treated with glucose transformed from cobblestone to spindle shape, resulting in EMT. Empagliflozin attenuated these morphological changes. Reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, senescence, and EMT markers were increased by glucose treatment; however, cotreatment with glucose and empagliflozin attenuated these changes. For the mice with PD, an increase in thickness, collagen deposition, staining for senescence, or EMT markers of the parietal peritoneum was observed, which, however, was attenuated by cotreatment with empagliflozin. p53, p21, and p16 increased in mice with PD compared with those in the control group; however, these changes were decreased by empagliflozin. In conclusion, empagliflozin effectively attenuated glucose-induced EMT in HPMCs through a decrease in senescence. Cotreatment with empagliflozin improved peritoneal thickness and fibrosis in PD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered one of the senescence processes. Antisenescence therapies may effectively reduce EMT in peritoneal dialysis models. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with glucose show an increase in senescence and EMT markers; however, empagliflozin attenuates these changes. Mice undergoing peritoneal dialysis exhibit increased senescence and EMT markers, which are decreased by empagliflozin. These findings suggest that empagliflozin may emerge as a novel strategy for prevention or treatment of peritoneal fibrosis.

Controllable Synthesis of Magnetic Composite Derived from MIL-88D and Study on Adsorption Properties of Cu2+

In this paper, MIL-88D (Fe) with spindle shape was prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method, a metal oxide with a new structure was obtained by calcination at different temperatures as a precursor, and a magnetic iron oxide composite was prepared successfully. At the same time, it was used as an adsorption material for the adsorption of heavy metal ions Cu2+. The influence of the initial pH value and adsorption time on the adsorption effect was investigated, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm were further fitted, and the adsorption mechanism was preliminarily analyzed. The results show that the magnetic iron oxide composites have a good adsorption capacity for Cu2+. The pH value is an important parameter that affects the adsorption effect. The adsorption of Cu2+ by magnetic iron oxide composites reached adsorption equilibrium in 30 min. The adsorption of Cu2+ by magnetic iron oxide composites conforms to the second-order reaction kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation, which indicates that the adsorption process mainly occurs through chemisorption and typical single-molecular-layer adsorption.

Fungal carbonatogenesis process mediates zinc and chromium removal via statistically optimized carbonic anhydrase enzyme

IntroductionWith rapid elevation in population, urbanization and industrialization, the environment is exposed to uncontrolled discharge of effluents filled with broad-spectrum toxicity, persistence and long-distance transmission anthropogenic compounds, among them heavy metals. That put our ecosystem on the verge or at a stake of drastic ecological deterioration, which eventually adversely influence on public health. Therefore, this study employed marine fungal strain Rhodotorula sp. MZ312369 for Zn2+ and Cr6+ remediation using the promising calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bioprecipitation technique, for the first time.ResultsInitially, Plackett–Burman design followed by central composite design were applied to optimize carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CA), which succeeded in enhancing its activity to 154 U/mL with 1.8-fold increase comparing to the basal conditions. The potentiality of our biofactory in remediating Zn2+ (50 ppm) and Cr6+ (400 ppm) was monitored through dynamic study of several parameters including microbial count, CA activity, CaCO3 weight, pH fluctuation, changing the soluble concentrations of Ca2+ along with Zn2+ and Cr6+. The results revealed that 9.23 × 107 ± 2.1 × 106 CFU/mL and 10.88 × 107 ± 2.5 × 106 CFU/mL of cells exhibited their maximum CA activity by 124.84 ± 1.24 and 140 ± 2.5 U/mL at 132 h for Zn2+ and Cr6+, respectively. Simultaneously, with pH increase to 9.5 ± 0.2, a complete removal for both metals was observed at 168 h; Ca2+ removal percentages recorded 78.99% and 85.06% for Zn2+ and Cr6+ remediating experiments, respectively. Further, the identity, elemental composition, functional structure and morphology of bioremediated precipitates were also examined via mineralogical analysis. EDX pattern showed the typical signals of C, O and Ca accompanying with Zn2+ and Cr6+ peaks. SEM micrographs depicted spindle, spherical and cubic shape bioliths with size range of 1.3 ± 0.5–23.7 ± 3.1 µm. Meanwhile, XRD difractigrams unveiled the prevalence of vaterite phase in remediated samples. Besides, FTIR profiles emphasized the presence of vaterite spectral peaks along with metals wavenumbers.ConclusionCA enzyme mediated Zn2+ and Cr6+ immobilization and encapsulation inside potent vaterite trap through microbial biomineralization process, which deemed as surrogate ecofriendly solution to mitigate heavy metals toxicity and restrict their mobility in soil and wastewater.

Cultivation, Identification, and Parameter Optimization of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) in Primary Culture

Chicken eggs have frequently been used as research models for pathogenic disease processes and human research biology. The inflammatory responses and immune suppressions significantly influence the growth of chicken embryo fibroblasts’s (CEFs) growth. In the current study, CEFs were isolated, grown and effect of temperature, serum, incubation, and viral growth were examined. An inverted microscope confirmed morphological features and spindle shape CEFs. It was revealed that 37 ºC temperature, 24-48 h incubation time, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) solution are best optimal conditions for cultivation of CEFs. Viral growth was more prominent with an increase in incubation time span. Haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays confirmed 1024 virus counts and 6 titer of blood. The current study is a contribution to the literature that could be explored to model a platform for the development of viral vaccines by using CEFs cultures.

Damage and fracture characteristics of thermal-treated granite subjected to ultra-high pressure jet

The water jet rock breaking technology has broad application prospects in geoenergy development engineering. However, the influence of reservoir temperature on the rock breaking effect is still unclear during the jet rock breaking process. To explore the mechanism of temperature on rock breaking by high-pressure water jets, experiments on the erosion of high-temperature granite by ultra-high pressure pure water jets (UHP-PWJ) and ultra-high pressure abrasive water jet (UHP-AWJ) were conducted at five rock temperatures: 25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. Through three-dimensional reconstruction and microscopic observation techniques, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of rock fragmentation were analyzed, ultimately revealing the dynamic damage and rock breaking mechanisms of ultra-high pressure water jet. The results indicated that rock temperature influences result in different fragmentation characteristics under the action of two types of jets, with UHP-PWJ demonstrating significantly superior rock-breaking effects on high-temperature granite compared to UHP-AWJ. As granite temperature increases from 25 °C to 400 °C, the damage depth range for the UHP-PWJ is 30–75 times the nozzle diameter, while for the UHP-AWJ, it is only 30–40 times the nozzle diameter. For UHP-PWJ, the rock breaking mechanism is mainly driven by thermal stress, supplemented by high-speed jet impact. The significant increase in rock temperature significantly enhances its rock breaking effect, with erosion pits appearing in a spindle shape and more complex crack distribution around the pores. Compared with 25 °C granite, the damage caused by 400 °C granite jet impact increased by 6.8 times and the surface area of cracks increased by 6.5 times. For UHP-AWJ, high temperature hard rock fragmentation still relies mainly on jet impact and abrasive grinding. The thermal stress caused by rock temperature has a relatively small impact on its rock breaking effect, and the D value of the internal damage degree of granite at different temperatures is less than 0.005. The erosion pits are conical in shape, and no macroscopic cracks caused by jet impact and thermal cracking can be clearly observed around the pit. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the parameters of high-pressure jet development technology for deep geoenergy.

Construction of the Glycolysis Metabolic Pathway Inside an Artificial Cell for the Synthesis of Amino Acid and Its Reversible Deformation.

The bottom-up construction of artificial cells is beneficial for understanding cell working mechanisms. The glycolysis metabolism mimicry inside artificial cells is challenging. Herein, the glycolytic pathway (Entner-Doudoroff pathway in archaea) is reconstituted inside artificial cells. The glycolytic pathway comprising glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), gluconate dehydratase (GAD), and 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase (KDGA) converts glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules. Inside artificial cells, pyruvate molecules are further converted into alanine with the help of alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) to build a metabolic pathway for synthesizing amino acid. On the other hand, the pyruvate molecules from glycolysis stimulate the living mitochondria to produce ATP inside artificial cells, which further trigger actin monomers to polymerize to form actin filaments. With the addition of methylcellulose inside the artificial cell, the actin filaments form adjacent to the inner lipid bilayer, deforming the artificial cell from a spherical shape to a spindle shape. The spindle-shaped artificial cell reverses to a spherical shape by depolymerizing the actin filament upon laser irradiation. The glycolytic pathway and its further extension to produce amino acids (or ATP) inside artificial cells pave the path to build functional artificial cells with more complicated metabolic pathways.

Assessment of variations in the nasopalatine canal on CBCT: considerations from an anatomical point of view.

The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is one of the most significant anatomical markers in the anterior maxillary region. Its location is quite important, especially for implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the morphology, size, and anatomic variations of the NPC. A total of 150 individual CBCT images were assessed in various sections to evaluate the dimensions, morphology, and extent of the NPC. Reformatted sagittal images were chosen to classify the shape and course of the canal. The Student's t-test, the χ² test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. The NPC was longer in males than in females, and the mediolateral diameter of the canal was greater in older adults. In sagittal sections, the canal predominantly exhibits a cylindrical shape, while a spindle shape is the least common. In coronal sections, a single shape is most frequently observed, with a Y-shape being the least common. Regarding the orientation of the canal, slanted canals are more prevalent, whereas vertically curved canals are rare. Typically, 2 canal openings are observed, with 4 openings being the least common. The current study highlights the challenges associated with identifying the anatomical appearance and variations of the NPC. Consequently, possessing a thorough understanding of this anatomy is essential before undertaking any surgical procedures, such as implant placement. This knowledge helps prevent complications such as nerve injury-related loss of sensation, bleeding due to blood vessel injury, and the development of a nasopalatine duct cyst following trauma to the canal during surgery.

O-069 The first mitotic spindle instability impacts nucleation, fragmentation, and development in human embryos

Abstract Study question How multinucleation and fragmentation occur in the first mitosis in human embryos? Summary answer The first mitotic spindles had heterogeneity, and the shapes and movements of the spindles were strongly associated with multinucleation and fragmentation. What is known already Studies have shown that many problems occur during the first mitosis, such as fragmentation and multinucleation. However, the cell biologic mechanisms whereby these errors occur during the first mitosis in human embryos remain unknown. To clarify this aspect, it is necessary to analysis the dynamics of DNA and cytoskeleton using live human embryos. Although microinjections of DNA or mRNA into mammalian embryos were widely used for live imaging during early mitosis, the method into human poses the risk of ethical issues. Therefore, we established a method used for real-time imaging in human embryos using chemical fluorescent labeling. Study design, size, duration Frozen human two-pronuclear stage embryos were donated for research by couples who had completed fertility treatment. We obtained written informed consent from patients who donated human embryos. The mean age of patients at embryo freezing was 32.00 ± 3.03 (SD) years. We imaged thirty-one living human embryos using chemical fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy to visualize DNA and tubulin. Participants/materials, setting, methods Thirty-one human embryos were cultured in medium containing the live-cell stain probes SPY555-DNA and SPY650-Tubulin. The Embryos were imaged using an LSM980 laser scanning confocal microscope every 10–20 min for a period of eight hours. Three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of human embryos were performed using the Imaris software. The first spindle shapes were quantified by image analysis and calculated the aspect ratio of the spindles using ImageJ. Main results and the role of chance We discovered that over 81% of two-pronuclear zygotes became multinucleated 2-cell stage embryos. We demonstrated that there was variation in the first mitotic spindles. There was a significant difference between the aspect ratio (AR) of the spindles leading to the mononuclear and multinuclear types at the 2-cell stage (p < 0.005). In addition, the low-AR spindles were unstable and often had more defocused poles than the high-AR spindles, which lead to multinucleation at the 2-cell stage (55 % vs. 0%, p < 0.05). More embryo having high-aspect ratio spindles tend to develop blastocysts than those having low aspect-ratio spindles (p < 0.05). Moreover, the movement of the central spindles varied after chromosome segregation. The embryos with more fragments at two cell stage had a significantly longer period for the central spindles to transform into midbodies compared to those with fewer fragments. The central spindles of embryos with more fragments moved a longer distance from the beginning of furrow ingression to the completion of the first division (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the first mitotic spindle instability and heterogeneity cause many errors such as multinucleation, fragmentation, and embryonic development. Limitations, reasons for caution Imaged human embryos were donated from a fertility clinic, and detailed patient information, such as underlying disease and method of ovarian stimulation, was not available. It is possible that the human zygotes used in this study had a bias in patient characteristics. Wider implications of the findings Our study showed that there were instability and heterogeneity in the first mitotic spindle, which was strongly associated with multinucleation, fragmentation, and embryonic development. Revealing the mechanism underlying spindle formation in cleavage-stage embryos will contribute to improving the success rate of assisted reproduction technologies in humans. Trial registration number not applicable

Shape of the first mitotic spindles impacts multinucleation in human embryos

During human embryonic development, early cleavage-stage embryos are more susceptible to errors. Studies have shown that many problems occur during the first mitosis, such as direct cleavage, chromosome segregation errors, and multinucleation. However, the mechanisms whereby these errors occur during the first mitosis in human embryos remain unknown. To clarify this aspect, in the present study, we image discarded living human two-pronuclear stage zygotes using fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy without microinjection of DNA or mRNA and investigate the association between spindle shape and nuclear abnormality during the first mitosis. We observe that the first mitotic spindles vary, and low-aspect-ratio-shaped spindles tend to lead to the formation of multiple nuclei at the 2-cell stage. Moreover, we observe defocusing poles in many of the first mitotic spindles, which are strongly associated with multinucleation. Additionally, we show that differences in the positions of the centrosomes cause spindle abnormality in the first mitosis. Furthermore, many multinuclei are modified to form mononuclei after the second mitosis because the occurrence of pole defocusing is firmly reduced. Our study will contribute markedly to research on the occurrence of mitotic errors during the early cleavage of human embryos.

Diagnostic and Management Value of Multi-Slice Computed Tomography in Esophageal Jujube Pit Impaction

Objective: The diagnostic value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in esophageal jujube pit impaction was explored in this study. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on MSCT data obtained from a cohort of 40 patients experiencing esophageal jujube pit impaction. The study period encompassed the interval from December 2018 to November 2019. The analysis involved examining the age distribution of the patients, the location of the jujube pit impaction, its connection to the esophagus, associated complications, and the methods used for treatment. All imaging results were compared with the outcomes of surgical or endoscopic interventions. Results: (1) Out of 40 patients, 30 individuals were 58 years old or above, constituting 75% of the study sample. (2) In 80% of the instances (32 cases), the jujube pit was located in the initial segment of the esophagus, exhibiting a spindle shape with varying levels of central low density. (3) We examined the correlation between the angle of the impacted jujube pit and the esophageal longitudinal axis, categorizing 2 cases as longitudinal impaction, 16 as oblique impaction, and 22 as transverse impaction. Among the 40 cases, 28 displayed only slight thickening of the esophageal wall at the impaction site, while 9 cases exhibited heightened periesophageal fat density, and 3 showed small periesophageal air bubbles. (4) Endoscopic evaluation identified damage to the esophageal mucosa in 35 instances and the formation of esophageal perforation in 5 cases. Among patients with perforation, one or both ends of the jujube pit had penetrated the esophageal wall, accompanied by different levels of surrounding inflammatory encapsulation. Conclusion: MSCT is crucial for pinpointing jujube pit impaction and its relation to the esophageal wall and nearby structures, aiding in preoperative and postoperative complications. It is highly feasible for endoscopic cases but limited in complex ones needing thoracoscopy or open-heart surgery.

Investigation on special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular column under combined compression and torsion

This paper discussed the combined compressive and torsional performance of special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubes (SCFST) columns. A pseudo-static test research of eight specimens including two kinds of stiffening forms was carried out under compression and torsion. The investigated factors include section shape, stiffening form, stiffening position and axial compression ratio. From the test, specimens presented the characteristics of compression-torsion failure. The steel tube experienced buckling deformation and separated from the concrete at the middle and bottom of the column. The welds of some specimens cracked from the top to the bottom at the concave corner during the stage of decreasing load capacity. This resulted in localized crushing and the generation of torsional oblique cracks in the concrete. The hysteresis curves of the SCFST columns were relatively full in spindle shape without obvious pinching phenomenon, representing a good energy dissipation capacity. The ductility of the multi-cell CFST (MCFST) column is slightly better than that of the tensile-bar stiffened CFST (BCFST) column. There is a positive correlation between the torsion bearing capacity and parameters, such as the column limb width-thickness ratio, steel tube thickness and yield strength. When the axial compression ratio is less than 0.5, the axial compression can improve the torsion bearing capacity; when the axial compression ratio exceeds 0.5, the existence of axial compression will weaken the torsional capacity. The finite element model was established for parameters analysis, and calculation method for the T/Tu-N/Nu bearing capacity correlation curve was proposed, and the calculation results are more conservative and have certain safety reserve.

Technique for Isolation and Culture of Rat Jaw Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are a type of stem cell with multi-directional differentiation potential. Compared with BMMSCs derived from appendicular bones, BMMSCs derived from the jaw have greater proliferative and osteogenic differentiation ability, gradually becoming important seed cells for jaw defect repair. However, the mandible has a complex bony structure and less cancellous content than appendicular bones. It is difficult to acquire a large number of high-quality jaw-derived marrow mesenchymal stem cells using traditional methods. This study presents a 'niche-based approach on stemness' for isolating and culturing rat jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (JBMMSCs). Primary rat JBMMSCs were isolated and cultured using the whole bone marrow adherent method combined with the bone slice digestion method. The isolated cells were identified as JBMMSCs through cell morphology observation, detection of cell surface markers, and multi-directional differentiation induction. The cells extracted by this method exhibit a 'fibroblast-like' spindle shape. The cells are long, spindle-shaped and fibroblast-like. The flow cytometry analysis shows these cells are positive for CD29, CD44, and CD90 but negative for CD11b/c, CD34, and CD45, which is congruent with BMMSCs characteristics. The cells show strong proliferation capacity and can undergo osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. This study provides an effective and stable method for obtaining enough high-quality JBMMSCs with strong differentiation ability in a short time, which could facilitate further studies of the exploration of biological function, regenerative medicine, and related clinical applications.

#1293 Endothelial calcification induced by high-phosphate is characterized by mesenchymal and osteoblastic transdifferentiation

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent condition that affects millions of people. Patients with CKD have an increased cardiovascular risk, mostly due to vascular calcification (VC). By now, it's quite clear how, in vitro and in vivo, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) actively participate to VC. In contrast to the wide studies on VSMCs, the role of endothelial cells (ECs) has been poorly investigated. It's known that ECs have a dynamic nature and following particular stimuli they can trans-differentiate and acquire several different phenotypes through the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Methods Human aortic ECs (HAECs) were challenged, in an in vitro calcification model, with 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mM Pi for up to 7 days. Early morphological changes, gene expression and cell migration were evaluated. Afterwards calcium deposition, genes and protein expression and ultrastructural changes were analyzed. Results High-Pi, at a concentration of 3 mM, is able to induce EC calcium deposition. Calcification is dependent on calcium influx without influencing Pit-1 expression. During the first days of high-Pi treatment ECs change their morphology from cobblestone to spindle shape acquiring motility, as demonstrated by the 24% increased closure in the scratch wound test. EndMT master genes such as SNAIL and TWIST resulted up-regulated at day 3 together with an increased protein expression of mesenchymal markers such as N-Cadherin, α-SMA, SM22α, FSP-1 and Fibronectin. Starting from day 5 high-Pi induces osteoblastic differentiation with RUNX2 and BMP2 mRNA up-regulation up to day 7, osteopontin increased protein expression and positive Alcian Blu staining. In calcified ECs mesenchymal and endothelial markers, such as α-SMA, SM22α, FSP-1 and Fibronectin or vWF progressively decrease. Finally, uremic serum is able to exacerbate in vitro calcification, compared to healthy serum characterized by an increase in both mesenchymal and osteoblastic mastergene such as TWIST and RUNX2. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that in vitro high-Pi induces the EndMT process and similar osteoblastic trans-differentiation suggesting a potential role of endothelium in VC. The relevancy of endothelial calcification is suggested by the calcification exacerbation induced by uremic compared to healthy sera.

Morphological, Microstructural, and In Situ Chemical Characteristics of Siderite Produced by Iron-Reducing Bacteria.

Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) oxidize organic matter or hydrogen and reduce ferric iron to form Fe(II)-bearing minerals, such as magnetite and siderite. However, compared with magnetite, which was extensively studied, the mineralization process and mechanisms of siderite remain unclear. Here, with the combination of advanced electron microscopy and synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) approaches, we studied in detail the morphological, structural, and chemical features of biogenic siderite via a growth experiment with Shewanella oneidensis MR-4. Results showed that along with the growth of cells, Fe(II) ions were increasingly released into solution and reacted with CO32- to form micrometer-sized siderite minerals with spindle, rod, peanut, dumbbell, and sphere shapes. They are composed of many single-crystal siderite plates that are fanned out from the center of the particles. Additionally, STXM revealed Fh and organic molecules inside siderite. This suggests that the siderite crystals might assemble around a Fh-organic molecule core and then continue to grow radially. This study illustrates the biomineralization and assembly of siderite by a successive multistep growth process induced by DIRB, also provides evidences that the distinctive shapes and the presence of organic molecules inside might be morphological and chemical features for biogenic siderite.