Sphere Packing Modulation Research Articles

SP-DSTS-MIMO Scheme-Aided H.266 for Reliable High Data Rate Mobile Video Communication

With the ever growth of Internet users, video applications, and massive data traffic across the network, there is a higher need for reliable bandwidth-efficient multimedia communication. Versatile Video Coding (VVC/H.266) is finalized in September 2020 providing significantly greater compression efficiency compared to Highest Efficient Video Coding (HEVC) while providing versatile effective use for Ultra-High Definition (HD) videos. This article analyzes the quality performance of convolutional codes, turbo codes and self-concatenated convolutional (SCC) codes based on performance metrics for reliable future video communication. The advent of turbo codes was a significant achievement ever in the era of wireless communication approaching nearly the Shannon limit. Turbo codes are operated by the deployment of an interleaver between two Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) encoders in a parallel fashion. Constituent RSC encoders may be operating on the same or different architectures and code rates. The proposed work utilizes the latest source compression standards H.266 and H.265 encoded standards and Sphere Packing modulation aided differential Space Time Spreading (SP-DSTS) for video transmission in order to provide bandwidth-efficient wireless video communication. Moreover, simulation results show that turbo codes defeat convolutional codes with an averaged Eb/N0 gain of 1.5 dB while convolutional codes outperform compared to SCC codes with an Eb/N0 gain of 3.5 dB at Bit Error Rate (BER) of . The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) results of convolutional codes with the latest source coding standard of H.266 is plotted against convolutional codes with H.265 and it was concluded H.266 outperform with about 6 dB PSNR gain at Eb/N0 value of 4.5 dB.

On the Performance of Video Resolution, Motion and Dynamism in Transmission Using Near-Capacity Transceiver for Wireless Communication.

This article investigates the performance of various sophisticated channel coding and transmission schemes for achieving reliable transmission of a highly compressed video stream. Novel error protection schemes including Non-Convergent Coding (NCC) scheme, Non-Convergent Coding assisted with Differential Space Time Spreading (DSTS) and Sphere Packing (SP) modulation (NCDSTS-SP) scheme and Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation (CDSTS-SP) are analyzed using Bit Error Ratio (BER) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) performance metrics. Furthermore, error reduction is achieved using sophisticated transceiver comprising SP modulation technique assisted by Differential Space Time Spreading. The performance of the iterative Soft Bit Source Decoding (SBSD) in combination with channel codes is analyzed using various error protection setups by allocating consistent overall bit-rate budget. Additionally, the iterative behavior of SBSD assisted RSC decoder is analyzed with the aid of Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Chart in order to analyze the achievable turbo cliff of the iterative decoding process. The subjective and objective video quality performance of the proposed error protection schemes is analyzed while employing H.264 advanced video coding and H.265 high efficient video coding standards, while utilizing diverse video sequences having different resolution, motion and dynamism. It was observed that in the presence of noisy channel the low resolution videos outperforms its high resolution counterparts. Furthermore, it was observed that the performance of video sequence with low motion contents and dynamism outperforms relative to video sequence with high motion contents and dynamism. More specifically, it is observed that while utilizing H.265 video coding standard, the Non-Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation scheme with enhanced transmission mechanism results in gain of 20 dB with reference to the Non-Convergent Coding and transmission mechanism at the objective PSNR value of 42 dB. It is important to mention that both the schemes have employed identical code rate. Furthermore, the Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation mechanism achieved superior performance with reference to the equivalent rate Non-Convergent Coding assisted with DSTS and SP modulation counterpart mechanism, with a performance gain of 16 dB at the objective PSNR grade of 42 dB. Moreover, it is observed that the maximum achievable PSNR gain through H.265 video coding standard is 45 dB, with a PSNR gain of 3 dB with reference to the identical code rate H.264 coding scheme.

Layered steered space-time codes using multi-dimensional sphere packing modulation

We present a novel multi-functional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme, that combines the benefits of space-time codes (STC), of vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) scheme as well as of beamforming. To further enhance the attainable system performance and to maximise the coding advantage of the proposed transmission scheme, the system is also combined with multi-dimensional sphere packing (SP) modulation. Additionally, we quantify the capacity of the proposed multi-functional MIMO aided multi-dimensional SP arrangement and propose a novel technique of computing an upper limit on the achievable bandwidth efficiency of the system based on extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Further system performance improvements can be attained by serially concatenating our proposed scheme with an outer code together with a unity-rate code (URC), where three different receiver structures are created by varying the iterative detection configuration of the constituent decoders/demappers. Moreover, the convergence behaviour of the proposed schemes is evaluated with the aid of EXIT charts. Explicitly, the three proposed systems are capable of operating within 0.9 dB, 0.6 dB and 0.4 dB of the maximum achievable rate limit. Additionally, the three stage assisted SP aided scheme is capable of outperforming its counterpart employing QPSK by 1 dB at a BER of 10-6.

Near-Capacity Three-Stage Turbo Detection of Irregular Convolutional Coded Joint Sphere-Packing Modulation and Space-Time Coding

Conventional two-stage turbo-detected schemes typically suffer from a Bit Error Rate (BER) floor, preventing them from achieving infinitesimally low BER values, especially, when the inner coding stage is of non-recursive nature. We circumvent this deficiency by proposing a three-stage turbo-detected Sphere Packing (SP) aided Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) STBC-SP scheme, where a rate-1 recursive inner precoder is employed to avoid having a BER floor. The convergence behaviour of this serially concatenated scheme is investigated with the aid of 3D Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Charts. Furthermore, the capacity of the STBC-SP scheme is determined and an algorithm is proposed for calculating a tighter upper bound on the maximum achievable bandwidth efficiency, based on the EXIT charts of the STBC-SP demapper. The proposed three-stage turbo-detected scheme operates within about 1.0 dB of the capacity and within 0.5 dB of the maximum achievable bandwidth efficiency limit.

Sphere Packing Modulation in the SDMA Uplink Using $K$-Best Sphere Detection

Recently, the turbo-detected sphere packing (SP) aided space-time block-coding (STBC) STBC-SP scheme was demonstrated to provide useful performance improvements over conventionally-modulated orthogonal design-based STBC schemes in the context of single-user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) systems. Hence, in this letter, we extend its employment to the multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) scenario. For the sake of achieving a near maximum a posteriori (MAP) performance while imposing a moderate complexity, we specifically design the K -best sphere detection (SD) scheme for supporting the operation of the SP-modulated system, since the conventional SD cannot be directly applied to such a system. Consequently, with the aid of our modified SD, a significant performance gain can be achieved by the SP-modulated system over its conventionally-modulated counterpart in the context of MU-MIMO systems.

Iterative AMR-WB Source and Channel Decoding Using Differential Space–Time Spreading-Assisted Sphere-Packing Modulation

In this paper, we present a novel system that invokes jointly optimized iterative source and channel decoding for enhancing the error resilience of the adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec. The resultant AMR-WB-coded speech signal is protected by a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code and transmitted using a noncoherently detected multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) differential space-time spreading (DSTS) scheme. To further enhance the attainable system performance and to maximize the coding advantage of the proposed transmission scheme, the system is also combined with multidimensional sphere-packing (SP) modulation. Furthermore, the convergence behavior of the proposed scheme is evaluated with the aid of extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. The proposed system exhibits an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Eb</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> gain of about 1 dB, as compared with the benchmark scheme carrying out joint channel decoding and DSTS-aided SP demodulation in conjunction with separate AMR-WB decoding, when using only <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">system</sub> = 2 system iterations and when communicating over narrow-band correlated Rayleigh fading channels.

Turbo Detection of Precoded Sphere Packing Modulation Using Four Transmit Antennas for Differential Space-Time Spreading

This paper presents a novel turbo-detected multidimensional sphere packing (SP) modulation scheme using four transmit antennas combined with differentially encoded space-time spreading (DSTS). The DSTS scheme can be readily combined with PSK, QAM as well as SP modulation schemes. The SP-aided DSTS system advocated has low-complexity encoding and decoding algorithms that require no channel knowledge and it is capable of outperforming the DSTS system dispensing with sphere packing. Further system performance improvements can be attained by serially concatenated convolutional encoding combined with a unity-rate code (URC) referred to as a precoder. Then, at the receiver side, iterative decoding is invoked by exchanging extrinsic information between the precoder's decoder as well as the outer recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code's decoder. Moreover, the convergence behaviour of the proposed system is evaluated with the aid of extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Explicitly, the turbo-detected precoded DSTS-SP system performs within 1.6 dB of the achievable multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) capacity. Finally, in contrast to an equivalent 0.5 bit/symbol throughput turbo- detected DSTS-SP scheme using no preceding, the turbo-detected precoded DSTS-SP scheme exhibits no error floor.

Secure data compression with sphere packing

A system that accomplishes compression using sphere packing with the support of a hyper-elliptic curve providing encryption is presented. In addition, with use of channel code algorithms, high consistency is achieved and the expansion factor is calculated. Results of simulation are also presented where the hyper-elliptic curve encryption is concatenated with sphere packing, followed by a non-binary low density parity check encoder and sphere packing modulation. A gain of 8 dB over uncoded QPSK modulation for BER=10−4 is achieved on a two tap fading channel. Finally, system complexity is presented for a system based on symbols and a system based on bits.