Cultural Sphere Research Articles

Cultural Heritage at Risk in World Conflicts: Digital Tools’ Contribution to Its Preservation

Cultural heritage is, today, particularly exposed to the devastation resulting from natural phenomena, but it is even more exposed to the destruction caused by man-made ones. Consequently, it is critical to adopt suitable and concrete provisions for its preservation and conservation. The conflict that has been raging in Ukraine since February 2022 has spotlighted problems related to cultural heritage, which is increasingly considered a military target. Digital transformation and technologies integrated with legal tools can contribute to making the system of protection and recovery of cultural assets more effective and efficient by redefining methodologies to safeguard and interact with them. This paper proposes a framework for integrating legal and digital tools that are functional for the preservation, conservation, and enhancement of cultural heritage. To define it, on the one hand, the legal instruments in force were analysed, and on the other, a literature review on the digital technologies currently available was carried out. The role of digital transformation in the cultural sphere was also examined, especially in light of Ukraine’s experience with the application of digital technologies to protect and recover cultural heritage during the current conflict.

FROM THE TRAFFICKERS TO THE OUTSKIRTS: DOMINATION, RESISTANCE AND STRUGGLE

This article examines the subordination of the black population in Brazil from the colonial period to the present day, highlighting the persistence of racist legislation in the Brazilian legal system and the marginalization of Afro-Brazilian voices in literary historiography. Using the interdisciplinary approach of Law and Literature, the research analyzes divergences and convergences in the treatment of Afro-descendants throughout Brazilian history, focusing on the short story A escrava, by Maria Firmina dos Reis. It is argued that Firmina's exclusion from canonical historiographies is a reflection of a political-ideological project rooted in Brazilian Romanticism, whose purpose was to sustain an elitist and Eurocentric national identity. The study concludes by defending the implementation of an anti-racist education, based on Law 10.639/2003, as a way to decolonize knowledge, promoting representation and recognition of Afro-Brazilian contributions in the literary, historical and cultural spheres.

„Eine Sprache ausstellen“

Abstract In their attempt to reposition Germany in an international context after World War II, actors from both the fine arts and the literary scene turned to the idea of art as a universal language. Two major projects that shaped the West German cultural sphere in the 1950 s and 1960s – the contemporary art exhibition documenta 2 and Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s anthology Museum der modernen Poesie – placed this idea at their conceptual core. The debates surrounding these projects show, however, that the notion of art as a universal language was as contested as it was compelling. In close readings of paratexts, including previously overlooked archival material, it becomes evident that very different conceptualizations of monolingualism and community are attached to the idea in each context. Evaluating these differences through the lens of translation studies, curatorial studies, and political theory enables a more nuanced discussion of the concept’s post-war renaissance and its ideological implications.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF STATE INVESTMENTS IN THE SECTOR OF ССI AND THE LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ECONOMY

The article examines the relationship between public investment in the creative and cultural industries (CCI) sector and the level of competitiveness of the national economy. This study examines the influence of state-sponsored initiatives, including innovative projects, cultural programmes and creative start-ups, on a country's global economic competitiveness. It is established that investments in the cultural and creative industries have a dual impact on the national economy. Firstly, they facilitate the development of the cultural and educational spheres. Secondly, they have a significant impact on GDP growth, job creation, increase in export potential and attraction of foreign investment. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of interaction between the public and private sectors for the effective implementation of investment programmes in the field of CCI. The article examines the various financing models and institutional approaches that can ensure the sustainable development of creative industries. A substantial portion of the study is dedicated to an examination of international experiences with regard to investment in cultural and creative industries. In particular, the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the countries known as the "Asian Tigers" are taken as case studies. Based on a comparative analysis of these cases, the most effective instruments for supporting investments in the CCI sector and their impact on the competitiveness of national economies are identified.

VASYL STUS IN THE THEATER: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ISSUE (1980s — 1990s)

The theatrical interpretation of the life and work of Vasyl Stus began in the late 1980s. Dozens of productions across various genres appeared during the period of accumulating and systematizing biographical and artistic material, as well as reinterpreting the figure of Stus. Interest in his personality is evidenced by the performances of both experienced directors and beginners. One of the key tasks of Stus studies is to trace the history of the theatrical experiences that bring Vasyl Stus’s creative life into focus. To model the perception and artistic interpretation of Stus’s personality, it is important to identify various forms of professional performances centered on Vasyl Stus’s life or based on his works, while considering the chronological order of their appearance. These forms include poetic compositions, dramatic compositions, plays, etc. The paper starts a project focusing on the outlined issues and highlights the theatrical productions from the late 1980s and the 1990s. Decades of theatrical exploration of Vasyl Stus’s creative personality represent not only a time of popularizing his works and integrating the poet’s name into the cultural sphere but also a period of directors’ and actors’ search for the potential — both poetic and existential — within Stus’s texts. The strength and significance of the poet’s legacy were proved by the following performances: the poetic composition “Vasyl Stus” (1988) by Volodymyr Kuchynskyi, the dramatic composition “The Bird of Soul” (1989) by Vitalii Sementsov, the musical and dramatic composition “Return” (1989) by Myroslav Hrynyshyn, the monologue “Go through a Hundred Scaffolds, a Man, Having Sight in a Heart” (1992) by Marharyta and Kyrylo Bulkins, the monologue “Damned Years” (1992—1993) by Volodymyr Smotrytel, the play on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of V. Stus’s birth (1998) by Dmytro Stus and Serhii Proskurnia.

Forging Ethno-Nationalism in Tigray (1943–1975)

ABSTRACT In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Ethiopia’s Tigrayan elites harbored deep-seated resentments toward the Shewa Amhara ruling class, mainly driven by the suppression of the 1943 Tigrayan peasant rebellion. These resentments catalyzed the rise of ethnonational consciousness within Tigray, manifested through deliberate attempts to undermine Ethiopian culture, tradition, and heritage with a paradoxical ownership claim of Abyssinian history. Tigray’s pivotal role as the nucleus of the Aksumite civilization within the broader Abyssinian context is palpable memory. This civilization extended across territories such as Eritrea and Amhara, encompassing various less-visible groups. Tigrayans featured prominently in the Solomonic Dynasty, stretching from the legendary Queen of Sheba to the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie (r. 1930–1974). Before the advent of Italian imperialism in Eritrea and the Southward expansion of Menelik II (r. 1889–1913), the Tigrigna-speaking regions, along with the Amhara, had served as the epicenter of the Abyssinian politics and cultural sphere. This paper scrutinizes the emergence of Tigrayan ethno-nationalism amid the Marxist Revolution, juxtaposing it against entrenched Ethiopian values. It also highlights the historical significance of Welkait (a generic term used to refer to an area west of river Tekezé that includes Welkait itself, Telemt, Teg,edé, and Humera) and Raya – areas annexed by the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) in 1991 and still in contention. The author offers an all-encompassing analysis, incorporating a wealth of secondary and primary historical sources, including archives, chronicles, inscriptions, memoirs, traveler accounts, and oral narratives.

Цивилизационный анализ в исторической социологии и объяснения «советского коллапса»

The article deals with attempts to explain the collapse of the Soviet version of modernity –and the disintegration of the USSR—in (post)-Sovietology and historical sociology. It is argued that (post)-Sovietological studies were often characterized by a certain degree of ideological bias. In these studies, the example of “Soviet collapse” was generally used for a confirmation of earlier approaches to Soviet history. At the same time, they mostly focused on the immediate preconditions of that event rather than on long-term historical processes. The shortcomings of this approach can be overcome if we draw on historical sociology. The article considers the prediction of disintegration of the USSR offered by Randall Collins and Johann Arnason’s analysis of the Soviet version of modernity. Both sociologists characterized the Soviet collapse in the context of long-term historical dynamics. While Collins’s approach demonstrates a peculiar geopolitical determinism, Arnason singles out various factors of the dynamics of the alternative version of modernity. In the first half of the 1990s, Arnason applied his model of imperial modernization to the Soviet system, but later emphasized the civilizational aspects of communist modernity. This can also be seen in his evaluation of the Soviet collapse. In the literature on Soviet collapse, a contrast between the USSR and China is often highlighted, with structural and particularly economic factors being commonly highlighted. In contrast, the article argues that—for a comprehensive understanding of transformation processes in China—we need to consider the cultural sphere by drawing on sociological civilizational analysis.

A brief overview of the unearthed “Analects” documents in East Asia over the past 50 years

From the perspective of newly unearthed inscriptions of the “Analects” of Confucius in East Asia over the past 50 years, it can be seen that it is a “living” text (活体) or “hypertext” (超文体) that is constantly developing and changing in time and space, often filtered and reconstructed due to subjective and objective needs. By the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, the differentiation and standardization of the “Qi Analects” (齐论语), “Gu Analects” (古论语), and “Lu Analects” (鲁论语) had not been completed, indicating that the compilation of the “Analects” had not been finalized. With the expansion of the Han and Tang empires and external exchanges, the “Analects” had spread to regions such as the Western Regions, Xinjiang, and Yunnan, as well as the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago. This also marked the gradual formation and establishment of the East Asian Sinicized cultural sphere centered around Confucianism and its ideological concepts with the “Analects” as the core.

The Preventive Role of Perceived Social Support in Postpartum Psychiatric Morbidity: Insights from a Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India

Abstract Introduction: Postpartum psychiatric disorders show a rising trend in developing countries, where the lack of social support is a major risk factor. Evidence from Western scientific literature also reports of similar preventive role of social support in postpartum psychiatric states. However, the attitudes toward childbearing may differ across cultures and also within the same cultural sphere. With this background, we aimed to assess the perceived social support and its association with postpartum psychiatric morbidity in a rural setting in South India. Methodology: A total of 100 postpartum women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study following their consent. Sociodemographic data sheet and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, Text Revision (DSM IV-TR), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were administered on them. Appropriate statistical analysis was done. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of our sample recorded high perceived social support (76%), with 90% reporting high support from a special person. 10% had major depressive disorder, out of which 6% recorded melancholia, and 7% recorded suicidality on DSM IV-TR. Increasing age had lower perceived social support, P = 0.024. As perceived social support was reduced, increased psychiatric morbidity was significantly noted, with suicidality and melancholia. Conclusions: Our study finds a significant association between perceived social support and postpartum depression (PPD). Lesser social support was associated with increased suicidality and melancholia features in cases of PPD. Amplification of social support in expectant mothers is a useful way to safeguard against postpartum psychiatric disorders.

The translatome of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GB), the most common and aggressive brain tumor, demonstrates intrinsic resistance to current therapies, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Cancer progression can be partially attributed to the deregulation of protein translation mechanisms that drive cancer cell growth. In this study, we present the translatome landscape of GB as a valuable data resource. Eight patient-derived GB sphere cultures (GSCs) were analyzed using ribosome profiling and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing. We investigated inter-cell-line differences through differential expression analysis at both the translatome and transcriptome levels. Translational changes post-radiotherapy were assessed at 30 and 60 min. The translation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was validated using in-house and public mass spectrometry (MS) data, whereas RNA expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our findings demonstrate that ribosome sequencing provides more detailed information than MS or transcriptional analyses. Transcriptional similarities among GSCs correlate with translational similarities, aligning with previously defined subtypes such as proneural and mesenchymal. Additionally, we identified a broad spectrum of open reading frame types in both coding and non-coding mRNA regions, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and pseudogenes undergoing active translation. Translation of ncRNAs into peptides was independently confirmed by in-house data and external MS data. We also observed that translational regulation of histones (downregulated) and splicing factors (upregulated) occurs in response to radiotherapy. These data offer new insights into genome-wide protein synthesis, identifying translationally regulated genes and alternative translation initiation sites in GB under normal and radiotherapeutic conditions, providing a rich resource for GB research. Further functional validation of differentially expressed genes after radiotherapy is needed. Understanding translational control in GB can reveal mechanistic insights and identify currently unknown biomarkers, ultimately enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of this aggressive brain cancer.

СУЧАСНІ СТРУКТУРНІ ЗМІНИ В АГРАРНОМУ СЕКТОРІ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА ПРОДОВОЛЬЧУ БЕЗПЕКУ КРАЇНИ

. In the article, the author examines the evolution of the role of food security, both at the historical stages of development and in the modern world, as well as its place in the system of ensuring economic and national security of the state. The strategic priority of agrarian policy in most countries was ensuring food security, which was understood primarily as self-sufficiency in food. This became especially relevant in the 50s of the XX century as a result of the fact that military actions violated previously imposed trade relations, and violations in this area arose under the influence of the payment crisis. The purpose of the article is an analysis of modern structural changes in the agricultural sector and their impact on the country's food security. The methodological basis of the research in the article is the scientific work of the authors in the field of economics of culture, innovation management, management in the field of culture, as well as social partnership. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific methods of research - a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, methods of typological and comparative analysis, empirical methods. The object of the study is the sphere of culture, which needs conditions in which organizational and financial reforms are carried out, as well as the development and application of innovative management methods. The hypothesis of the study. Currently, all developed countries of the world, including the United States, Japan, and the EU countries, have their own national programs, laws and measures to ensure national food security. Presentation of the main material. The primary tasks of the state in the sphere of regulation of agro-industrial production should be the stabilization and development of agro-industrial production, ensuring food security, improving food security of the population, maintaining economic parity between agriculture and other sectors of the economy, converging income levels of workers in agriculture and industry, protecting domestic producers in the sphere of agro-industrial production. From the point of view of welfare economics, "the problem of food safety and quality is one of the specific features of the functioning of the agricultural market, which determine its equilibrium in a Pareto inefficient state. This, in turn, is the economic basis for the need for state policy intervention in the agricultural sector and the possibility of redistributing the financial resources of society for its development. The originality and practical significance of the study. In our opinion, the existing problem of food security should be considered in the context of economic security, since it concentrates the main directions of agricultural policy and economic reforms in the current market conditions. This process reflects the real trends in the development of agricultural production, the state of the market and the position of consumers in it, determines the degree of involvement and dependence on the world food market, applies the mechanism of state strategy taking into account internal and external factors in order to create the main life support system – food security. Conclusions. Taking into account the interests of economic security and socio-political stability in society, it should be noted that the food and agricultural complexes always remain the most important sectors of the economy. The primary task is to create conditions for economic management and entrepreneurial stability in the agro-food sector of the economy and to ensure state support for producers

Intermediality of Modern Art and Technologies of its Perception

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the manifestation of termediality in modern art in their influence on perceptual processes and to propose appropriate technologies for the perception of intermedial artistic phenomena. The research methodology is based on the concepts of media theory, communication theory, modern art theory and uses general scientific principles of interconnection, systematisation, and synergy. The purpose and objectives of the article necessitated the application of the method of extrapolation of heuristic algorithms of exact sciences to the heuristics of artistic phenomena with a view to practical methods of organising the perception of the intermediality of modern art by students of higher education. The use of the analytical method made it possible to identify the content and design resources of intermediality in its current development. The scientific novelty consists in projecting the properties of intermediality of modern art onto the technology of its perception in the process of university training. In the article, for the first time in domestic art history, the peculiarities of the manifestations of intermediality of modern art in connection with the communication of its recipients are understood. Conclusions. Intermediality is one of the main trends in the development of art, which consists in a kind of dialogue. From the point of view of perceptual processes, intermediality actualises the integrity of perception, which involves different sensory modalities. Intermediality in the modern artistic space outgrows the boundaries of the interaction of arts, connecting other spheres of culture and ensuring the inseparability of synthesised elements in creative practices different from traditional ones. Perception of intermedia modern art requires preparation, which should be carried out in the educational process. Effective technologies for perceiving the intermediality of modern art are interactive and intermedial.

Disputed Boundaries of the Self, the Group, and their Environment: What We Learn from Refugees about our Psychic Functioning1.

One of Jung's most significant contributions concerns the mysterious, inexplicable and always out-of-reach nature of the self. In this paper, I will focus on the borders of the self and their nature, location and dynamics of maintenance and change in geographically, historically, and culturally situated subjects. Reflecting on the refugee experience, I intendto gain more insights into our psychic functioning and the dynamics of the self in relation to itself, the other and groups. The experiences of some refugees, marked bysignificant trauma and migration, shed light on how the boundaries of the self are frequently contested and perpetually negotiated with others, and how our subjectivity is shaped by ongoing dynamics of occupation, dispute and/or negotiation, conducted at various levels of our social and individual existence. My argument is that these processes occur at a specific site:the boundaries of the self, involving intrapsychic, interpersonal and group psychological dynamics, with reverberations in the socio-political and cultural spheres, and reciprocal influences between all these levels. This paper aims to concentrate on the shifts in these boundaries, illustrated through clinical vignettes.

A Study on Baul Lalon Shah's Songs of Humanity in Communication Theory Perspective

This article explores the songs of Baul Lalon Shah, a prominent figure in the classical folklore of 19th-century Bengal under British rule. Lalon's music, deeply rooted in humanism, transcends caste, religion, and social divisions, emphasizing unity, equality, and peace. As a member of the Baul community, Lalon integrated diverse religious philosophies, including Hinduism, Tantric Buddhism, and Sufi Islam, into a unique spiritual discourse centred on humanity. His songs advocate for the primacy of humanism over religious and societal binaries. Despite their profound philosophical contributions, Lalon's songs have not been analyzed using rhetorical methods thoroughly. This study seeks to fill that gap by applying rhetorical analysis to examine the humanistic philosophy embedded in Lalon Shah's works. By doing so, it aims to reveal the enduring significance of his message in Bengali society and contribute to the broader discourse on global humanism. Disseminating these insights can play a transformative role in cultural and philosophical spheres.

The military ombudsman as an institutional guarantee for the protection of military personnel rights (based on foreign experience)

The article draws attention to the fact that today, in the conditions of Russian aggression, the state of compliance with the rights of domestic servicemen has significantly deteriorated, which requires the improvement of the constitutional and legal tools for their protection. The foreign experience of developed democratic countries in solving the problem of effectively ensuring the rights of the military through the introduction of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces is analyzed. The legal nature of military ombudsmen as specialized human rights institutions that have proven themselves positively in a number of states, the history of their introduction, and the positive consequences of their functioning are studied. Considerable attention in the work is devoted to the models of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces: a) regarding their legislative recognition and regulation of legal status (at the level of the country’s constitution, law or by-law); b) places in the structure of state power (parliamentary and executive); c) models that are structurally part of the armed forces; are not part of the armed forces, but are authorized to deal exclusively with military issues and ombudsmen of general competence, in which the function of protecting the rights of military personnel is provided for by law; d) individual ombudsmen and collegial ombudsman services; e) various models of ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces, depending on the scope and specificity of their powers. It was concluded that for Ukraine in the conditions of war, the introduction of the institute of the military ombudsman is not just timely, it is extremely necessary. The emergence of this institution, on the one hand, will complement the existing means of protecting the constitutional rights and freedoms of the military, on the other hand, it will contribute to the maintenance of their faith in justice, which will generally neutralize the wary attitude of military personnel towards the authorities, and mitigate conflicts between the state, its bodies, and the military. The military ombudsman, exercising his supervisory and human rights powers, will not only contribute to the effective protection of the rights of the military, but also mitigate the contradictions between the state and civil spheres, promote the democratization of the national military sphere, which under his influence should become more responsive to needs and requests of military personnel, which will ultimately guarantee the “democratization” of the military bureaucracy, which, thanks to his activities, will show more attention, sympathy and concern for military personnel.

Gamification: characteristics, trends, risks

Digital technologies development stimulates game elements inclusion into culture and different spheres of society. The identification of regularities and specifics of this process became the purpose of the study. The research methodology was based on the J. Huizing’s “man playing” concept and K. Verbach’s system description of gamification mechanisms. On the basis of these concepts, a grid of typical features of gamification has been compiled and gamification processes in different sociospheres analyzed. The research methods included the emerging gamification practices analysis. Based on the analysis results, trends and risks of implementing the game element into culture have been identified. The complex influence of gamification process on society and culture is manifested by consumers’ demand for interactivity, personal participation, and involvement (immersiveness) in almost all types of activities. These needs are strengthened under the influence of clip culture, making it easier for individuals to assimilate disparate and fragmented pieces of information. The request for immersiveness is closely related to the human need to be the author of the “text”, to control the plot, to create a plurality of readings (hypertext). It has been shown that gamification stimulates innovation in various areas, leads to the emergence of new products, processes, and services. The main risks of gamification development have been highlighted: hyperorientation to entertainment in areas that traditionally involve effort, and manipulation of people’s behavior in areas related to “shoulds”.

CAV1 inhibits Xc- system through IFNGR1 to promote ferroptosis to inhibit stemness and improves anti-PD-1 efficacy in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) being the primary drivers of metastasis and recurrence. Numerous studies have elucidated the relationship between ferroptosis and cellular stemness, identifying the Xc- system as a key regulatory mechanism governing ferroptosis. However, the interplay between CAV1 and ferroptosis, along with its implications for stemness in breast cancer, remains inadequately understood. This gap in knowledge impedes advancements in targeted therapies for breast cancer. We employed immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analyses to demonstrate the downregulation of CAV1 in breast cancer tissues. Additionally, we utilized CCK-8 assays, EDU staining, and Transwell assays to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities. Furthermore, we evaluated indicators associated with ferroptosis while examining markers related to stemness through sphere culture experiments and flow cytometry techniques. Our findings indicate that CAV1 expression can induce cell death via ferroptosis while simultaneously inhibiting both cell proliferation and features of stemness by upregulating IFNGR1 and promoting ferroptosis. Moreover, our in vivo experiments revealed that overexpression of CAV1 enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. In conclusion, our study elucidates the regulatory role of CAV1 on ferroptosis within breast cancer contexts; it suppresses BCSC characteristics while positioning CAV1 as a promising therapeutic target for combating this disease.

Memory, post-fascism and the far-right

Abstract After 78 years of democracy, Italy continues to grapple with its recent past in the political, social, and cultural spheres. Its experience of fascism under Mussolini, its dual participation in the Second World War, and the continuous and still existent connections between the ideological factions of the 1930s–1940s and now render the country a rich case for the study of public history and memory. The specificity of these characteristics has often made Italian history and memory look like an outlier, shaped by circumstances difficult to compare with those of other countries'. This paper argues that contemporary Italian memory politics are in reality a valuable source of information about the kind of mnemonic discourses that may arise in other (Western) European countries, given the increasingly polarised and populist European landscape. Our study of discourses put forwarded by the post-fascist party Fratelli d'Italia reveals a set of mnemonic tools with which they successfully banalise fascism and chip at Italian public discourse slowly but surely. The comparison between this discourse and that of VOX and AfD in Spain and Germany, respectively, shows that these tools, ranging from nativism to policy (de)legitimation linked to fascist imagery, has started to transfer to other countries' political strategies.

Role of Grants in Ensuring Socio-Economic Stability in the Conditions of War in Ukraine

Grant programs are a key tool for solving global human problems. They promote business development, especially businesses founded by women or veterans. In times of crisis, grants become indispensable support for overcoming difficulties. In Ukraine, grants stimulate the development of various spheres of society, supporting reforms, civil society, science, culture and economy, especially in the context of geopolitical and economic challenges. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize available grant programs for the population and business in wartime conditions, to determine effective ways to find and receive them. The authors consider grants as free financial assistance provided for the implementation of projects, education or business development. Grants have a number of advantages compared to other financial instruments, such as loans, attracting investors or crowdfunding. In particular, grants do not need to be returned, and they can be raised systematically, which expands the financial capabilities of organizations. The article also discusses the goals of granting grants in wartime, which may include supporting innovation, solving current security problems, developing certain sectors of the economy, and transferring experience and financial resources from more developed countries. In the article, the author analyzes the experience of programs such as "Horizon Europe" and "EU4Business", emphasizing their role in supporting Ukrainian enterprises and the economy. The conclusions of the article indicate that grants are an important source of funding that allows implementing ideas, conducting scientific research, supporting charitable organizations, and improving the quality of life. The article offers an overview of the different types of grants, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as recommendations for finding and receiving grant support, including public and private grant programs.

Medzivojnová Banská Bystrica: Obraz kultúrneho a spoločenského života

The interwar period in Banská Bystrica brought significant changes in the political, economic, cultural, and social spheres of the city. The establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic and subsequent democratic conditions accelerated the formation of a modern civil society and the development of culture. Key roles were played by education, associations, educational activities, periodicals, radio, libraries, as well as the development of arts, which included literature, theater, music, cinema, and visual arts. One of the centers of social and cultural life became the newly built National House, which significantly contributed to the shaping of public life. During this period, the celebration of anniversaries and significant visits represented an important aspect of social life. These events aimed to strengthen national identity and simultaneously serve to present the city in the best possible light.