Spent Wash Effluent Research Articles

Study of Organic Constituents in Distillery Spent wash and Primary Treated Distillery Effluent (PTDE) with Different Dilutions

Abstract: Effluent that is released from distillery industries is known as spent wash which is the main reason for the damaging they caused on the natural ecosystem if there is no proper pre-treatment performed. A proper study is to be performed to detail about the physicochemical property of the effluent such as color, odor, total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen which are considered as the important parameters which will indicate the level of pollution of the effluent from different industrial. The present study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristic and organic constituents of one of the distillery effluent found in distillery factory in Duggavati near Harapanahalli (tq) Davanagere . In investigation done by us we observed that the sample is lower pH and highly acidic in nature, higher temperature, higher concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) have been recorded. Disposing of the spent wash is one of the most important and present environmental problems faced by the world. The purpose of the study was to conduct and evaluate the physio-chemical characterization of spent wash effluent and analysis of PTDE and PTDE diluted with 50% and 75% of water.

Treatment of spent wash effluent using Kaolin immobilised nano ZnO photocatalyst and material characterisation

ABSTRACTThe distillery effluent causes a crucial ecological impact when disposed untreated into the environment and the removal of the intense brown colour is a much challenging task due to the presence of a polymeric compound – Melanoidin. This research study reports the synthesis and application of a nano ZnO photocatalyst in an immobilised form. The process parameters such as photocatalyst dosage (0.5–2.5 g/L), initial pH (3–11), initial spent wash concentration and treatment time were optimised to attain the maximum spent wash degradation efficiency. The physical and chemical properties of the as-synthesised photocatalyst were characterised by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The percentage colour degradation of spent wash increased from 36.2 to 77.1%, with increasing photocatalyst dosage from 0.5 to 2.5 g/L, respectively. The reaction rate constant (kobs) decreased from 0.0141 to 0.0022 (1/min) with increasing initial spent wash concentration (% dilution) of 5–25%. The photocatalytic degradation experiment performed at optimised process parameters yielded a maximum of 91.2% of spent wash colour degradation.

Effect of Biohythane Production from Distillery Spent Wash with Addition of Landfill Leachate and Sewage Wastewater.

Rapid development of the industrial and domestic sectors has led to the rise of several energy and environmental issues. In accordance with sustainable development and waste minimization issues, biohydrogen production along with biomethane production via two-stage fermentation process using microorganisms from renewable sources has received considerable attention. In the present study, biohythane production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in a two-stage (Biohydrogen and Biomethane) fermentation process under anaerobic conditions. Optimization of high organic content (COD) distillery spent wash effluent (DSPW) with dilution using sewage wastewater was carried out. Addition of leachate as a nutrient source was also studied for effective biohythane production. The experimental results showed that the maximum biohythane production at optimized concentration (substrate concentration of 60 g/L with 30% of leachate as a nutrient source) was 67 mmol/L bio-H2 and with bio-CH4 production of 42 mmol/L. Graphical Abstract.

Enhancement of biohydrogen production from distillery spent wash effluent using electrocoagulation process

The excessive utilization of fossil fuels consequently causes global climate change because of the emission of greenhouse pollutants. Hence, hydrogen is considered as the major energy carrier in the future because of its high conversion capability, recyclability and non-polluting nature. The present study focuses on the enhancement of fermentative biohydrogen production from high-organic-rich distillery spent wash under mesophilic conditions with optimization of substrate concentrations. The experimental results depict that 60 g/L substrate concentration was favorable for biohydrogen production with a biohydrogen yield of 0.6 L/L. Pretreatment of the substrate was one of the another specific objectives which was carried out through electrocoagulation using iron (Fe) (−)/Fe (+). The electrocoagulation showed the maximum biohydrogen yield of 1.4 L/L at 15-min reaction time under favorable substrate concentrations.

Impact of graphene oxide embedded polyethersulfone membranes for the effective treatment of distillery effluent

In the present study, treatment of spent wash from distilleries was studied using graphene oxide (GO) flakes incorporated in polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Two different additives such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were also used separately in the casting dope solution of PES/GO. GO TEM analysis revealed that particles are wrinkled sheets-like multilayer structure. Multilayer structures exhibit better intercalate with polymer matrix to produce hybrid nanocomposite membranes. The TGA analysis has shown that GO has good miscibility in PES membrane. Water flux has been improved progressively for the additive combined GO incorporated PES MMMs. Further, contact angle value of the neat PES membrane showed 70.8° which was significantly reduced up to 58.4° for PES/GO/PAA membrane. This ensures that membrane surface hydrophilicity was improved considerably due to the existence of both groups, GO and PAA. Moreover, the membrane performance was evaluated in terms of permeate flux, flux recovery ratio and color removal efficiency for synthetic melanoidin solution as well as distillery spent wash effluent. A maximum of 54% color removal was observed for distillery spent wash effluent.

Spent wash decolourization using nano-Al2O3/kaolin photocatalyst: Taguchi and ANN approach

The intense colour of the spent wash effluent leads to crucial ecological issue when released untreated into the environment. The decolourization of distillery spent wash effluent is known to be a very challenging task. In this study, the degradation of organic pollutants in the form of colour was performed using nano photocatalyst prepared using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle and kaolin clay. As-synthesized nano-Al2O3/kaolin composites were used as photocatalyst for colour degradation of spent wash effluent. The process parameters such as dosage, pH, temperature and agitation were optimized to attain the maximum decolourization efficiency. The structural and the textural characteristics of the photocatalyst were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HRSEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX). Optimization of the process parameters using Taguchi Orthogonal Array (OA) design resulted in a maximum of 80% spent wash decolourization. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a two layered feedforward backpropagation model resulted as the best performance and predictive model for spent wash decolourization. The experimental data were found to be in excellent agreement with the predicted results from the ANN model.

Decolorization of distillery spent wash effluent by electro oxidation (EC and EF) and Fenton processes: A comparative study

In this study, laboratory scale experiments were performed to degrade highly concentrated organic matter in the form of color in the distillery spent wash through batch oxidative methods such as electrocoagulation (EC), electrofenton (EF) and Fenton process. The effect of corresponding operating parameters, namely initial pH: 2–10; current intensity: 1–5A; electrolysis time: 0.5–4h; agitation speed: 100–500rpm; inter-electrode distance: 0.5–4cm and Fenton's reagent dosage: 5–40mg/L was employed for optimizing the process of spent wash color removal. The performance of all the three processes was compared and assessed in terms of percentage color removal. For EC, 79% color removal was achieved using iron electrodes arranged with 0.5cm of inter-electrode space and at optimum conditions of pH 7, 5A current intensity, 300rpm agitation speed and in 2h of electrolysis time. In EF, 44% spent wash decolorization was observed using carbon (graphite) electrodes with an optimum conditions of 0.5cm inter-electrode distance, pH 3, 4A current intensity, 20mg/L FeSO4 and agitation speed of 400rpm for 3h of electrolysis time. By Fenton process, 66% decolorization was attained by Fenton process at optimized conditions of pH 3, 40mg/L of Fenton's reagent and at 500rpm of agitation speed for 4h of treatment time.

Biotreatment of Melanoidin-Containing Distillery Spent Wash Effluent by Free and Immobilized Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 7691

A total of three fungal isolates from samples collected at spent wash disposal area were screened for their ability to degrade melanoidin. Distillery molasses spent wash was decolorized, and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced in immobilized fungal bioreactor (IFB) in the absence of carbon and nitrogen source using fungal mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 7691. Fungal mycelia immobilized on baggase packed in a glass column under a batch-wise mode (1) effected removal of 75.71 ± 0.12 % color, 51.0 ± 0.13 % biological oxygen demand (BOD), 86.19 ± 2.56 % COD, and 49.0 ± 0.12 % phenolic pigments of distillery spent wash up to 25 days at 30 °C, while free fungal mycelia resulted in removal of 63.1 ± 0.16 % color, 27.74 ± 0.14 % BOD, 76.21 ± 1.62 % COD, and 37.32 ± 0.17 % phenolic pigments of distillery spent wash using shake flask, (2) manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was highest (1.55 ± 0.01 U ml−1 min−1) in immobilized fungi, followed by lignin peroxidase (0.65 ± 0.01 U ml−1 min−1) and laccase activity (0.9 ± 0.01 CU ml−1 min−1), (3) accumulative MnP activity was highly correlated with (r = 0.9216) spent wash decolorization and (r = 0.7282) reduction of phenolic pigments, suggesting the presence of MnP activities in bioremediation of spent wash and (4) degradation of spent wash was confirmed by high-performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Measurement of chlorophyll a content of Chlorella species cultivated on treated spent wash effluent obtained from immobilized fungal bioreactor was 5.16 ± 0.71 μg ml−1 compared with 1.306 ± 0.017 μg ml−1 obtained with untreated spent wash. Thus, this work may provide a reasonable alternative for cost-effective bioremediation of distillery spent wash using immobilized A. oryzae on baggase fibers.

Single factorial experimental design for decolorizing anaerobically treated distillery spent wash using cladosporium cladosporioides

This study presents the standardization of nutrient concentration, pH and temperature required to decolorize the anerobically treated distillery spent wash using the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. Experiments were carried out to measure the decolorization of distillery spent wash effluent and it was found to be effective in acidic environment. From the results it was observed that a maximum color reduction of 52.6 % and Chemichal Oxygen Demand. removal of 62.5 % were achieved. The optimum conditions required for the growth of the fungus was found to be 5 g/L of fructose, 3 g/L of peptone, 5 pH and 35 °C. It was also observed that during the process a maximum of 1.2 g of fungal growth was attained. Decolorizing ability of the fungus was confirmed using spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis. Single factorial experimental design was used to optimize the parameters. Apart from decolorization it was observed that fungus also has the ability to degrade the spent wash efficiently. This investigation could be an approach towards control of environmental pollution and health hazards of people in and around the distillery unit.

Decolorization and biodegradation of anaerobically digested sugarcane molasses spent wash effluent from biomethanation plants by white-rot fungi

Four white-rot fungal cultures were examined for their ability to decolorize and bioremediate anaerobically digested molasses spent wash (DMSW) generated by biomethanation plants. Two cultures Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed an ability to decolorize and reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of diluted DMSW (12·5% v/v). Both cultures required an additional labile carbon source to carry out decolorization while additional organic nitrogen did not significantly improve it further. Optimum growth and decolorization occurred at 35–40°C, pH 5·0, glucose at 3–5%(w/v). Maximum decolorization (71·5 and 53·5%) and COD reduction (90·0 and 73·0%) were achieved in 6·25% (v/v) DMSW medium by C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium, respectively. These values decreased significantly at higher concentrations of DMSW (12·5 and 25% v/v), nevertheless both cultures have profound potential applications in reducing the pollution of DMSW effluent prior to its disposal.