Speed Of Switched Reluctance Motor Research Articles

Switched Reluctance Motor Speed and Torque Control using ACO and PSO Algorithms

A Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) is an electric motor that operates based on the principle of magnetic reluctance. In addition, SRMs have several advantages over other types of electric motors. However, SRMs also have some disadvantages. They can produce high noise and vibration levels, especially at high speeds. This paper describes the torque and speed controller for SRM using two techniques, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) combined with a PI corrector. The conventional PI controller is nowadays used in most engineering, being acknowledged for their ability to give up superior control in power electronic systems. Moreover, finding appropriate values for the PI controller is not easy. A solution based on ACO and PSO is used to overcome this problem and simplify tuning the PI controller parameters. Simulation in MATLAB-Simulink was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controllers.

Speed control of switched reluctance motors based on fuzzy logic controller and MATLAB/Simulink

Switched reluctance motors (SRM) becomes increasingly popular due to its simple structure and dependability. It seems to have a two-pole configuration. A stator had also centralized coils along each pole, whereas a rotor has an iron core only. As a result, the switched reluctance motor is anticipated to be a low cost, incredibly robust variable-speed machine. Because the switched reluctance motor is only made up of laminated coils, its performance is heavily reliant on the magnetic properties of the core material. Vibration, torque ripple, and low torque for each unit volume are some of their drawbacks. Typically, a standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is designed to regulate the Switched Reluctance Motor's speed. Furthermore, the PID controller could also regulate and control SRM when the load changes abruptly. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is utilized within this article to regulate the speed of the SRM drive. The MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to analyze the behavior of SRM with FLC. To demonstrate FLC's superiority, its results have been compared to that of a typical PID controller.

Accounting for magnetic saturation in designing a SRM speed controller for torque ripple minimization

This study established a nonlinear control design for switched reluctance motor (SRM) vehicle applications, using the backstepping approach. The suggested controller is established according to a model that consider magnetic saturation while reducing torque ripple and resulting in less vibrations. To optimize torque ripple, control angles are adjusted based on the machine speed and torque measurements. Indeed, a lookup table is constructed, offering the efficient control angles for various motor operating points. The suggested control technique was validated through simulation, exploiting an accurate MATLAB SRM model considering magnetic saturation effects. To illustrate the superiority of the suggested regulator, a comparison of its performance with a proportional-integral (PI) controller was performed. The acquired findings indicate the suggested regulator’s effectiveness.

Optimized Power Factor Correction for High Speed Switched Reluctance Motor

The Power Factor Correction (PFC) in Switched Reluctance (SR) motor is discussed in this article. The SR motors are applicable for multiple applications like electric vehicles, wind mills, machineries etc. The doubly salient structure of SR motor causes the occurrence of torque ripples, which affects the power factor of the motor. To improve the power quality, the power factor has to be corrected and the ripples have to be minimized. In order to achieve these objectives, a novel power factor correction (PFC) method is proposed in this work. Here, the conventional Diode Bridge Rectifier (DBR) is replaced by a Bridgeless Hybrid Resonant (HR) converter, which assists in improvising the output in a wider range. The converter is chosen because of having variety of beneficial measures including high gain. The converter’s output is fed to the SR motor by means of an asymmetric Bridge Resonant (BR) converter. The proposed converter operates in continuous mode of conduction with the switching frequency of 10 KHz. A hysteresis current controller and Proportional Integral (PI) controller are utilized for reducing the harmonics in the source current along with the regulation of output voltage. In addition, the speed control of SR motor is accomplished by means of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) assisted PI controller. The proposed methodology is effective for the control of unity power factor, torque and current ripples. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the source current is also minimized, which suits the standard of International Electrotechnical Comission IEC 61000-3-2. By this methodology, the power factor of 0.99 is achieved with 97% efficiency and 3.92% THD. The proposed methodology is validated in simulation by MATLAB and in hardware by FPGA Spartan 6E.

Adaptive Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Speed Tracking of Switched Reluctance Motor

AbstractIn this study, to improve the speed tracking performance of the switched reluctance motor (SRM), a control scheme combining fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM) control and radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed. First, the convergence characteristic of the FTSM control is derived, and a basic control scheme is designed to ensure the fast convergence of SRM speed tracking errors. Second, the RBF neural network with adaptive parameters is introduced to replace the equivalent control law, which avoids the requirement for the precise mathematical model information of the system. At the same time, considering the network approximation error and unknown external disturbances, an adaptive control law with variables gain is designed. The chattering phenomenon is suppressed and the robustness of the system is enhanced. The updated law of the controller and the stability of the closed‐loop system are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results of the SRM drive system show that the proposed control scheme has an excellent performance in terms of tracking accuracy, response speed, and robustness. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Kendali Kecepatan Switched Reluctance Motor Berbasis FPGA

-- Renewable drive technology is developing in the current era, one of which is electric transportation. The Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) was chosen for the transportation development because it has many advantages, including not using permanent magnets and simple construction in the form of an iron core in the rotor and stator windings. SRM works based on the reluctance phenomenon, namely, if the stator is energized, the stator will attract the nearby rotor, this is based on the tendency of the rotor poles to align with the stator excitation poles. SRM requires high speed switching control to operate and requires correct rotor position to operate. Maximum switching and good accuracy can use Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and rotary encoder as input for rotor position information. To use SRM in electric transport, it is necessary to adjust the speed with ease and precision. With the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, the size of the excitation depends on the size of the current, the size of the current is determined by the input voltage to the SRM. In this control, the PWM width can be changed by setting the carrier set and modulation set in the FPGA program. In this study, it is proposed to control the SRM speed by adjusting the PWM of the rotary encoder to produce the desired RPM. To support the achievement of this research, hardware testing was carried out in the laboratory. Keywords-- Duty cycle, FPGA, PWM, Reluctance, Switched Reluctance Motor.

Speed Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Regulation Region of Switching Angle

This paper studies the speed control strategy of a switched reluctance motor based on angle-position control (APC). The switched reluctance motor has three control parameters: turn-on angle, turn-off angle and voltage PWM duty cycle. This paper studies the function of the three parameters and designs the control algorithms of the parameters, respectively, which can reduce the coupling degree, simplify the control process, and realize the optimal control of the switched reluctance motor. By studying the nonlinear characteristics of the switched reluctance motor, the optimal current waveform in the effective working range of the inductor is obtained, and then a control strategy of the turn-on angle is designed to realize the ideal winding current waveform. According to the torque characteristics of the motor, taking the coincidence of the freewheeling zero point and the position angle at the end of the maximum inductance interval as the control target, a control strategy for the turn-off angle that makes full use of the effective inductance working interval is proposed, which improves the efficiency of the system. For the nonlinear and time-variant switched reluctance motor running process, a data-driven model-free adaptive control algorithm is introduced, and a switched reluctance motor speed control algorithm based on voltage PWM duty cycle is designed. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a control strategy that is generally applicable to switched reluctance motors, which does not depend on the precise mathematical model of the motor. The control algorithms are designed separately for the three control parameters according to the characteristics of the motor, which reduces the degree of coupling among them. A switched reluctance motor drive system based on angle-position control is designed. This strategy is especially suitable for driving the load with sudden large torque pulsation.

A Nonlinear SRM Controller Design for Torque Ripple Reduction with accounting for Magnetic Saturation

In this paper, a nonlinear backstepping controller design is proposed for torque ripple minimization in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive systems, which ensures less acoustic noise and less vibration. The proposed controller is based on a model taking into account the stator coils magnetic saturation phenomenon. For the torque ripple optimization purpose, the excitation angles are adapted according to the instantaneous SRM torque and speed values. Therefore, a lookup table is built, proposing the excitation angles optimal values for different machine operation points. The proposed control strategy validation was carried out by simulation, using MATLAB-Simulink tools. More specifically, the Simpower system library was exploited, since it offers an SRM simulator, taking into account magnetic saturation. To highlight the supremacy of the proposed controller, its performances are compared with those of conventional linear (PI) regulator. The obtained results validate the proposed controller robustness and efficiency.

Research on system simulation based on fuzzy self-tuning

This paper introduces the principle of fuzzy control. On this basis, a fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is designed to the requirements of SRD system. The fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is introduced into the switched reluctance motor speed regulation system, the switched reluctance motor speed regulation system based on fuzzy self-tuning PID is simulated and compared with the conventional PID switched reluctance motor speed regulation system. The comparison results show that the application of fuzzy self-tuning PID controller in the switched reluctance motor speed regulation system can make the speed regulation system obtain good dynamic Static performance.

INVESTIGATING INFLUENCES OF TAPPED SHOE ROTOR POLES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUES AND RADIAL FORCES OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS

The shape of rotor poles has a significant influence on the performance of electromagnetic torques and radial forces, because the air-gap flux density is depent on the stator and rotor areas and surfaces. Serveral articles have studied influences of the stator/rotor designs on radial forces and electromagnetic torque waveforms as well. Moreover, the electromangetic characteristics of switched reluctance motors are also defined by tapped-shoe-skewing of the stator and rotor poles with the inner holes. However, the total solution designs of the tapped-shoe rotor with diferent tapped angles have not yet implemented by those papers so far. For that, in this paper, the tapped shoe rotor pole design is proposed by different angles for the high speed switched reluctance motor of 30 kW and 18000 rpm.

A Simple Method to Control The Excitation Angle for Switched Reluctance Motor

A switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been an alternative solution for electric drives because of its benefit features. The use of such a motor in electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) requires a control strategy that is capable to develop high torque. SRMs are commonly available in the market with rotor position detectors embedded inside. Problems will appear when such detectors are not symmetrically installed because most of SRM control strategies are commonly based on them. Inaccurate pulses will be generated by the control circuit which finally takes effect on phase current commutation or the beginning of the excitation which is not on proper angle. The use of such detectors is just capable to give information of rotor position in common angles. Improvement for such problems can be done by generating pulses related to the rotor position in smooth angles. In this paper, a control strategy to produce excitation signals with proper angles for SRM stator winding is proposed. By using input capture facility that is commonly available in embedded system, excitation angles can be controlled precisely because a large number of pulses can be produced by the system. Accuracy level of this strategy is determined by TIMER period of embedded system and speed of SRM. To verify the analysis, laboratory experiments were done. They show that the proposed control strategy is capable to rotate the motor with better performance.

Novel Bio-Inspired Algorithm for Speed Control and Torque Ripple Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor in Aerospace Application

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is an electrical motor which operates by a reluctance torque that has stator and rotor salient poles. It also has a simple configuration and reasonable power electronics necessity for both AC and DC machines within adjustable-speed drives. The problem working on it is, SRM with doubly salient poles introduce a torque ripple in its output which leads to deteriorated performance on speed control. In this proposed work, torque ripple reduction and speed control of SRM is implemented, utilizing an asymmetrical converter with PI-PWM controller with the aid of Bio-inspired algorithms. By utilizing the best value of flux, torque ripple and integral square error of speed and settling times, controller design is performed. The proposed research work compares three optimization algorithms namely Crow Search Algorithm, an Improved Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm and Modified Chaotic Starling Particle Swarm technique to control the speed and torque reduction of SRM in aerospace applications. To obtain the optimal parameter values, optimization techniques are introduced and the optimized controller results are compared with other conventional controller results. In normal operation, the engine operates with two phases simultaneously, but it is modelled to meet the load specification, which is single and double phase faulty. Detection of fault gives a great outcome in control of an electrical drive system. Reduction of faulty operation time leads to better motor lifetime that is obtained by early detection of a fault. This paper presents how the five-phase switched reluctance motor is designed to meet the needs of flap actuators in mid-sized aircraft. Electrical systems are modelled to provide the right functionality at the right time in advanced aircraft. However, requirement of power for the landing gear and secondary flight control only a short duration. The system is powered on and off as required, thus preserving power. Control performance and fault analysis were verified by the results of the MATLAB simulation. Experiments have been carried out more effectively to compare the results obtained with those of simulations.

Investigation of Rotor Parameters of High Speed Switched Reluctance Motor for automotive application

This paper presents an analysis of the rotor geometric dimensions influence on the electromagnetic parameters of high speed switched reluctance motor (SRM). This high speed SRM is optimized for automotive application. The paper starts with introduction that describes this type of motor and state of the art of high speed machines. The state of the motor design before this analysis is presented. The next part presents the analysis that was performed in Ansys for case of single pulse operation and hysteresis control. In this analysis, values of maximum phase current, average torque, torque ripple and losses as function of change in rotor geometric dimensions were observed. These dimensions include: rotor outer diameter, length of rotor teeth, rotor pole arc and rotor yoke thickness. Finally, the obtained results are presented and commented.

Speed Control for SRM Drive System Based on Switching Variable Proportional Desaturation PI Regulator

This paper develops a novel switching variable proportional desaturation proportional integral (SVPDPI) regulator for speed control of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system. Firstly, the idea of desaturation is adopted in the SRM drive system in order to eliminate the integral saturation phenomenon of traditional proportional integral (PI) regulator. Secondly, the variable proportional desaturation PI (VPDPI) regulator is proposed to enhance the response speed of SRM drive system by introducing the concept of variable proportion. In addition, in order to improve the smoothness of the SRM start-up speed, a switching speed regulator is further designed based on the VPDPI regulator. Finally, the principle of error threshold segmentation is introduced into SVPDPI regulator, whose control performance is compared with among other three regulators under rated speed, various speeds and load-torque conditions. Meanwhile, the dynamic performance, steady performance and start-up performance are comprehensively analyzed. The simulation experiment results commendably indicate that the proposed SVPDPI regulator is superior in tracking performance, anti-disturbance performance and speed range.

Modeling and simulation of three-phase 6/4 switched reluctance motor speed control system

To improve the response ability of the motor and reduce the torque ripple, we take the three-phase 6/4 SRM as the research object, according to the structure and characteristics of the SRM speed control system, the SRM speed and current double closed-loop control system are established and the current chopping control mode is adopted to change the motor speed. According to the mathematical model of SRM, then the model of each module of the speed control system is established by Matlab/Simulink. The simulation and performance analysis are carried out. The results show that the simulation model double closed loop control method can improve the system response ability, improve the stability of the motor and reduce the torque ripple.

High speed SRM using vector control for electric vehicle

The high speed motor is effective to realize downsizing motor in an electric vehicle (EV). Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is possible to the high speed drive because the rotor structure has simple and robust. However, the vibration and the acoustic noise are large from the drive principle. Moreover, the conventional complicated current excitation results in the difficulty of the torque controller design. To overcome these problems, the vector control has been proposed for SRM drive. However, the vector control has not been applied to the SRM in the high speed drive. In this paper, the drive conditions such as switching frequency, bus voltage for driving the SRM in the high speed region are clarified. It is shown that the proposed SRM can be driven by the vector control in the high speed region and can realize low vibration.

Torque ripple minimisation of switched reluctance motor using sense coils

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) offers several advantages compared to conventional motors such as low cost, rugged design and good high-speed performance. Torque ripple and the associated acoustic noise and vibrations have been a challenge for its application in low and medium power applications. The torque ripple is due to double salient structure and non-linear magnetic characteristics of the machine. This study presents a sense coil system to measure instantaneous inductance that represents the non-linearity and saturation effects. The current profile is generated from the measured inductance to minimise the torque ripple and reduce the copper losses. The speed of motor is derived from the measured inductance thereby eliminating need for an external sensor. The effect of temperature and asymmetries in machine construction are compensated due to the dynamic nature of inductance measurement. The proposed method is implemented on a SoC FPGA to control the speed of SRM with reduced torque ripple.

Output Delay Sliding Mode Tracking Control of SRM based on Multi-innovation Model Identification

The drive system of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a complex nonlinear system that is composed of many links. The delay in the measurement of the speed and position signal of SRM is caused by the factors that affect the measuring sensor. To effectively improve the influence of the SRM rotor position and speed signal delay on the system performance, a sliding mode position tracking method based on output delay observation was proposed in this study. First, the model was discretized according to the structure and characteristics of SRM and the mathematical parameters of the system were identified using a multi-innovation stochastic gradient (MISG) algorithm. Second, a delay state observer was constructed on the basis of an SRM system model with output delay. Then, the sliding mode tracking control method based on the delay state observation compensation was proposed and combined with sliding mode control theory. Lastly, the effectiveness of the designed model parameter identification, delay state observation, and output delay control methods were compared through numerical simulation. Results show that when uncertain factors, such as noise, are present in the system, the MISG identification method can rapidly and accurately identify the parameters of the SRM model compared with the stochastic gradient identification method; the identification accuracy of the former is four times higher than that of the latter. Similarly, the sliding mode position tracking control method based on output delay observer can rapidly and accurately track the position and speed within 0.5 s. However, its position (0.2 rad) and velocity (0.233 rad/s) tracking exhibit large steady-state errors when no delay observation compensation is present. The proposed method not only demonstrates high position tracking accuracy, but also possesses strong robustness to output delay.

Two-level current reference method for speed control of switched reluctance motors

ABSTRACTSwitched reluctance motors operate at very high-speed ranges. At high speed, the switched reluctance motor drives are losing the capability of high torque production. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for controlling high speed switched reluctance motor using both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The proposed method controls the machine torque in continuous-conduction mode using four control parameters. Simulation test-beds are constructed using three-dimensional finite element, and co-simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Methods of Torque Ripple Minimization Techniques on Switched Reluctance Motor

In recent decades, Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive has proved to be an attractive alternate for the conventional industrial drives. Many published research works have proved that SRM drives finds significant application in almost all industrial sectors. This paper presents a comprehensive review on various control strategies of SRM drive implemented in literatures. The objective of this review is to identify the accurate control strategies for controlling the SRM speed and torque. This paper also reviews the various strategies for minimization of the torque ripples, acoustic noise and vibration in SRM