Speed Of Regrowth Research Articles

Biophysical controls over fire regime properties in Central Portugal

The concept of fire regime can be used to describe, with different degrees of complexity, the spatial and temporal patterns of fires and their effects within a given area and over a given period. In this work, we explore the relations between fire regime and a set of potential biophysical controls at a local scale, for 972 civil parishes in central Portugal. The fire regime was characterized with reference to a 44-year period (1975–2018) using three properties: cumulative percentage of parish area burned, area-weighted total number of wildfires, and the Gini concentration index of burned area over time. Potential control variables included topography, seasonal temperature and rainfall, and land use/land cover type and patch fragmentation. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the relations between the fire regime properties and the potential control factors. Results show that the fire regime properties have important spatial contrasts within the study area, and that land use/land cover distribution, spring rainfall and summer temperatures are the major controls over their variability. The percentage of each parish occupied by shrubland and spontaneous herbaceous vegetation is the single most important factor influencing cumulative percentage of parish area burned and the Gini concentration index of burned area, whereas spring rainfall is the foremost factor regarding area-weighted total number of wildfires. Along with the role of spring rainfall in promoting fuel availability later in the year, our results highlight the importance of the speed of regrowth of shrubland and spontaneous herbaceous vegetation after burning, pointing out the need of tailoring fuel management strategies to the properties of each parish.

Hoof deformity and its influence on the occurrence of chronic aseptic pododermatitis in cows

It is known that deformity of the hooves is one of the most common lesions, the main cause of which is a violation of the relationship between the speed of regrowth and abrasion of the hoof horn. It develops gradually and initially does not cause changes in the organism of cows, but later leads to various diseases, including orthopedic. It is determined that in alimentary osteodystrophy (results of multifactorial mass-volume analysis and prolonged osteotendinitis of the finger flexors) and irregular corrective cleaning of the hooves and formed triggered deformation of the hooves, which leads to a violation of the support-force interactions contributes to the emergence and development of aseptic subdermatitis of chronic genesis, which is clinically appeared by lameness animals addiction, careful stepping from limb to limb, fatigue, shortening of step, etc. Simultaneously, there are changes from a bone tissue. Thus, in the area of the sole of the hoof bone, single or multiple osteophytes and exostoses are formed, which are formed in the process of ossification and metabolic disorders. According to chronic aseptic pododermatitis in cows there is a deterioration in the quality of the hoof horn, as indicated by the results of biochemical and biophysical searches. In particular, there is a decrease in calcium, sulfur, an increase in the concentration of SH-groups, a decrease in the concentration of copper, zinc, cobalt, which leads to a decrease in the density and hardness of the hoof horn, as well as an increase in abrasion resistance and a decrease in the intensity of abrasion of the horn of the animal sole, which leads to an accruing in the horn of the sole and dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.

Characterization of the potential of native grasses for use as lawns

Abstract Since long lawns have been cultivated worldwide to perform a large variety of functions. Brazilian lawns have been constituted by a reduced number of species and cultivars. This work was developed with the purpose of estimating the potential of use as lawns presented by the members of a collection of accesses of native species of Paspalum and Axonopus (Poaceae). The following characteristics were evaluated: maximum vertical growth height, speed of soil cover, speed of regrowth, dry mass production, ornamental quality, weed encroachment and demand for mowing. Several accessions presented desirable characteristics and can therefore be included in programs aiming the development of cultivars for lawns intended for use in a variety of situations. The results here reported and discussed represent an experimental verification of the potential of the Brazilian flora to offer plants for use as lawns, reinforce the importance of native genetic resources and contribute to the continuity of research aimed at the development of this type of cultivars in Brazil.

Fgf21 knockout mice generated using CRISPR/Cas9 reveal genetic alterations that may affect hair growth

ObjectiveTo investigate fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) alterations that may affect hair growth and the underlying molecular mechanisms by constructing Fgf21 global knockout (KO) mice using microinjection-mediated CRISPR/Cas9. ResultsFollowing genomic DNA sequencing, we identified 18 mice carrying Ffg21 mutations among the total 63 offspring mice obtained by injecting 340 embryos, which yielded a mutation rate of 28.6 percent. Of these 18 mice, three had both alleles knocked out and 15 were monoallelic KO mice. Compared with the wild-type (WT) mice, the phenotypic analysis showed that the litter size of Fgf21 KO mice significantly reduced (p < 0.05), but physiological indexes of the birth weight, gender rate, body weight (0–8 week) and body weight of adult male and female were no significant difference (p > 0.05). Compared to WT mice, physiological anatomy indicated that the morphological characters of vital organs in Fgf21 KO mice were normal. Depilation experiments demonstrated that compared to the WT mice, the hair regrowth speed was reduced in the Fgf21 KO mice. The number of hair shafts in these mice considerably decreased, as indicated by the tissue sample analyses. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Erk and Akt expression in the KO mice was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas western blotting demonstrated that the expression of Erk and Akt proteins and their phosphorylation levels in KO mice decreased at different rates (P < 0.05). ConclusionsFgf21 was shown to affect hair follicle development and growth cycle, which may be associated with Pi3k/Akt and Mapk/Erk signaling pathways.

Predicting brain tumor regrowth in relation to motor areas by functional brain mapping.

Due to frequent recurrences, high-grade gliomas still confer a poor prognosis. Several regrowth prediction models have been developed, but most of these models are based on cellular models or dynamic mathematical calculations, thus limiting direct clinical use. The present study aims to evaluate whether navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be used to predict the direction of tumor regrowth. Sixty consecutive patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled prospectively and analyzed in a case-control design after tumor recurrence. All patients underwent serial MRI after surgery and suffered from recurrent tumors during a mean follow-up of 13.2 ± 14.9 months. Tumor regrowth speed and direction were measured in relation to motor areas defined by nTMS, nTMS-based tractography, and fMRI. Depending on initial resection, patients were separated into three groups (group 1: without residual tumor, group 2: residual tumor away from motor areas, and group 3: residual tumor facing motor areas). Sixty-nine percent of patients in group 1, 64.3% in group 2, and 66.7% in group 3 showed tumor recurrence towards motor eloquence on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences (P = .9527). Average growth towards motor areas on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences was 0.6 ± 1.5 (group 1), 0.6 ± 2.4 (group 2), and 2.3 ± 5.5 (group 3) mm/month (P = .0492). This study suggests a new strategy to predict tumor regrowth patterns in high-grade glioma patients. Our approach could be directly applied in the clinical setting, thus having clinical impact on both surgical treatment and radiotherapy planning. 2793/10.

Estimate of genetic parameters in Brachiaria decumbens hybrids

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic traits and nutritional value in intraspecific hybrids of B. decumbens. For this, a population of 1,415 hybrids was evaluated in field plots at Embrapa Beef Cattle in Campo Grande/MS/Brazil, with seven clippings in order to estimate field green weight (FGW); total dry matter (TDM); speed of regrowth (SR); tiller regrowth density (TRD); regrowth ability (REG); crude protein (CP); in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD); neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin (LIG). The statistical analyses were carried out using the mixed models methods. Genetic variability for all traits assessed was detected, and estimates of individual heritability were of medium to high magnitude, indicating the possibility of gains with selection. Significant genetic correlations were observed between FGW and TDM (0.99), TDM and SR (0.81), TDM and IVD (-0.71), TDM and LIG (0.71), and CP and IVD (0.70).

Optimization of the conditions for production of synthetic seeds by encapsulation of axillary buds derived from minituber sprouts in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Synthetic seed technology is a convenient alternative to conventional multiplication in potato. In this work, we studied and optimized the process of alginate encapsulation of axillary buds derived from potato minituber sprouts (PMSs). We assayed different concentrations of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and matrix culture media, different explant sizes, different concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (EBr) applied at different stages of the encapsulation process, different planting substrates and different cold storage periods in order to determine the best conditions for encapsulation in cvs. Sante and Agria. The conditions that resulted in the greatest regrowth rates and speed in both cultivars involved the choice of 2–3 mm-long buds, a 2 days pre-culture of buds in culture medium supplemented with 10−6 M EBr, encapsulation in 3 % sodium alginate with 1 % CaCl2 and full-strength MS culture medium, regrowth in solid MS culture medium and then transfer to coco peat (coir fiber pith) for conversion into plantlets. We also found that buds encapsulated under these conditions maintained the initial viability rates for up to 120 days in ‘Sante’ and 90 days in ‘Agria’, although regrowth speed decreased after 60 days in both cultivars. We demonstrate the possibility of producing synthetic seeds efficiently using axillary buds derived from PMSs.

대추 및 발효대추의 라디칼 소거능 및 모발 성장 촉진 효과

This study investigated the antioxidative and hair growth-promoting activities of Zizyphus jujuba (Zj) and fermented Zj with Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sac. cerevisiae). Among Zj and fermented Zjs, Sac. cerevisiae-fermented Zj (Zj-Y) exerted stronger scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals than others. In addition, total polyphenol content of Zj-Y was higher than that of non-fermented Zj and other fermented Zj. This result indicates that fermentation of Zj by Sac. cerevisiae elevated antioxidative activity. Furthermore, using an alopecia model in C57B/6N mice, the hair growth activities of Zj and Zj-Y were investigated. The test samples, EtOH, minoxidil (MXD), Zj, and Zj-Y, were topically treated with 0.2 mL/day for 4 weeks. The experiments involved macroscopic observation and measurement of hair length methods. The results show that regrowth speed of hair was in decreasing order of MXD> Zj-Y> Zj> EtOH. The topical application of MXD and Zj-Y in mice promoted hair regrowth and prevented hair loss compared to the control group. The present study indicates that Zj-Y is a promising treatment for alopecia.

Hyperandrogénie féminine

Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism include hirsutism, acne and/or seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, menstrual disorders and at maximum virilization. Hirsutism is defined by the presence of a coarse and pigmented hair in male territory. In the Caucasian populations, a Ferriman Gallwey score ≥ 6 means hirsutism. Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common cause of hyerandrogenism in women (70 % of cases) but must remain a diagnosis of exclusion. A neoplasm origin is suspected in case of recent onset of hyperandrogenism, which is rapidly progressive and with signs of virilization. The serum level of total testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and pelvic ultrasonography are the first line tests in case of clinical hyperandrogenism. Combined oral contraceptive pill can be the first line treatment in case of moderate hyperandrogenia, associated, if needed, with a specific acne treatment. Cyproterone acetate is the best-known and most effective antiandrogenic treatment. It decreases the hair density, speed of regrowth and pigmentation. It is indicated in severe hirsutism and must be combined with cosmetic cares.

Agronomic evaluation of 324 intraspecific hybrids of Brachiaria decumbens in Brazil

plants per plot at a spacing of 1.0 x 0.5 m. The commercial cv. Basilisk was used as a control. This paper reports t he results of 2 cuts during the dry season of 2012 (July 6, mid-season, and October 2, end of dry season). A gronomic evaluations were made for total dry matter (TDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), leaf percentage (%L), leaf:stem ratio (LSR) and regrowth rating (REG). Regrowth rating was a combined score from 0 (poor) to 6 (excellent) of plant density (percentage of tillers shooting) and speed of regrowth. Data were analyzed using the restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction procedure (REML/BLUP), implemented in the software SELEGEN REML/BLUP (Resende 2002). Results and Discussion

Succession and accrual of benthic algae on cobbles of an upland river following scouring

Flow releases from dams can be used to scour benthic algae, simulating the effects of natural spates and maintaining benthic algae in an early successional stage for increased grazer palatability. The timing of releases needs to consider the natural periodicity of flow events and the speed of regrowth and community succession changes. We studied benthic algal regrowth and succession using manipulative field experiments during summer and winter in the upland regulated Severn River, New South Wales, Australia. Benthic algal biomass accrual as chlorophyll a and community changes were determined after artificially scoured cobbles were returned to the river. In summer, algal biomass and diversity on scoured cobbles took 2 weeks to return to levels similar to reference cobbles and 5 weeks in winter. Chlorophyll a during summer was initially 0.24 ± 0.06 mg m−2 on scoured cobbles, but by day 16 had increased to 9.74 ± 1.97 mg m−2 and was no longer significantly different from reference cobbles. In winter, chlorophyll a was initially 0.47 ± 0.13 mg m−2 on scoured cobbles, but by day 37 had increased to 44.7 ± 10.9 mg m−2 and was no longer significantly different from reference cobbles. Peak chlorophyll a accrual during summer and winter was 1.64 and 2.63 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. Early succession in both experiments was dominated by diatoms such as Cocconeis, Synedra, and Fragilaria. A proliferation of the filamentous green alga Stigeoclonium was indicative of a late succession community. The implications for flow management based on resetting of benthic algae by scouring in riffle reaches of rivers are discussed.

Short term effects of fire intensity and fire regime on vegetation dynamic in a tropical humid savanna (Lamto, central C&amp;#244;te d’Ivoire)

We tested the effects of different fire regimes (with different fire date and fuel load) on grass growth, tree debarking and topkill in a Guinea savanna of West Africa. Different fire intensities were simulated on two plots of 3.72 ha each, delimited in two shrubby savanna of the Lamto reserve (C?te d’Ivoire). Two fire regimes were applied, the mid-season fire (January) and the late fire (April). Two fuel levels (single: C1 and double: C2) have been used. For each fire regime, fire intensity was determined. It increases with the fuel quantity (1259 ± 356 kW·m–1 and 3380 ± 1472 kW·m–1 respectively for C1 and C2). The regrowth speed of grasses is also dependent on the fuel quantity (grasses). It increases with it and is higher after the mid-season fire than the late fire. The average intensity of the mid-season fire (2966 ± 2233 kW·m–1) is not significantly different from that of the late fire (1673 ± 1124 kW·m–1). Damages or debarking caused by fire on adult trees were recorded and are linked to fire intensity. Those damages appear to initiate the external cavity observed on trees, known to be detrimental to tree trunk mechanical resistance. They generally affect adult trees of Crossopteryx febrifuga species which is also the most commonly hollowed species. Mid-season fire remains the recommanded fire regime because it insures a faster regrowth of grasses which leads to the maintenance of equilibrium between grasses and trees.

The agronomic variability of a collection of sainfoin accessions

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage legume appreciated for its feed value and rusticity. Two types are characterized via their growth habit and persistence: the common form which does not flower in the sowing year, and the giant form that does. In order to evaluate the degree of belonging to either of these types, thirty-eight Spanish sainfoin accessions and six foreign cultivars (44 accessions) were studied. The study involved three trials of 36 plants per accession in three locations in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula during 2002-2004. Two locations received no irrigation while one was irrigated. The variables analysed were: percentage flowering in the sowing year, autumn regrowth, stem length at the end of winter, and the capacity for summer regrowth after the first cut. A cluster dendrogram showed two large groups encompassing common or giant sainfoins. These could be divided into three subgroups each according to the degree of contamination or crossing between the two major groups. Two easily identified characteristics —percentage flowering in the sowing season, and the speed of regrowth after the spring cut— help in the classification of these plants into one or the other form, and could facilitate cultivar selection.

The choice of lucerne varieties in the Netherlands.

Trials were carried out at 2 stations in the Netherlands in the period 1949-51 to compare the amounts of dry matter and crude protein yielded per ha. by 5 different types of lucerne. The Northern French varieties (Du Puits, Flamande Chartain-villiers and Flamande Flandria) gave considerably higher yields of dry matter and protein than Provence or Italian lucerne. A further trial was carried out in the Netherlands in co-operation with O.E.E.C., in which the performances of varieties from Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, North and South America, New Zealand, India and South Africa were compared. The results are tabulated under the following headings: yield in comparative figures, speed of regrowth after winter, earliness of flowering, degree of infestation by grasses and cold-resistance. The Northern French varieties Du Puits, Flamande Flandria, Flamande Chartainvilliers, Flamande Socheville and Flamande C49, gave higher yields of dry matter and crude protein, regrew more rapidly after winter and were less susceptible to infestation by grasses than the other varieties tested. Their cold-resistance was satisfactory. There were no considerable differences in performance between the Northern French varieties tested.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)