AC Motor Speed Research Articles

Monitoring and speed control of AC motor using PWM technique

This study focuses on how to monitor and regulate the speed of an AC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) technology. PWM signals regulate motor voltage and enable continuous monitoring of voltage, current, and speed in addition to speed control. Comparing this technology to conventional techniques yields considerable advantages like enhanced power and speed control. PWM-based speed control can be implemented using circuits specifically designed for motor control or microcontrollers. It has been confirmed that PWM-based control can regulate the target motor under a variety of operating conditions and that it is reliable and efficient. To boost production and efficiency, this change management technique can be applied in a variety of industries, including robots, HVAC systems, and industrial automation. The study results show the significance of PWM technology for monitoring and controlling the speed of AC motors, providing productive and affordable solutions to a range of enterprises and sectors.

Comparison and analysis of various machine learning algorithms in predicting the excitation current of constant speed AC motor

With the wide application of motor in industry, transportation, home appliances and other fields, the performance requirements of motor are getting higher and higher, in which the excitation current of constant speed AC motor is one of its important performance indicators. Although the traditional method based on physical model can calculate the motor excitation current accurately, it needs a lot of physical parameters and experimental data, which is expensive and difficult to popularize. Therefore, the research of predicting the excitation current of constant speed AC motor based on machine learning algorithm has important practical significance. Divide the data set into the training set and the test set in a 7:3 ratio. Decision tree regression model, Random forest regression model, adaboost regression model, Gradient lifting tree regression model, ExtraTrees regression model, CatBoost regression model and K nearest are used respectively neighbor regression model was trained and the evaluation indexes MSE, RMSE, MAE, MAPE and R2of the model were calculated. According to the results of model evaluation parameters, the Gradient lifting tree model had the best prediction effect, and its MSE reached 0.002. The adaboost model has the second best performance, and its MSE reaches 0.055. The performance of CatBoost, Decision tree and CatBoost is average, while the performance of K nearest neighbor is the worst, with an MSE of 33.205. This paper compares five different models and analyzes the reasons why they perform well. In practical application, it is necessary to select the appropriate model according to the specific problem, and adjust and optimize it to achieve better performance.

AC Motor Speed Control Method and Its Application in Automation System

AC Motor Speed Control Method and Its Application in Automation System

Model predictive direct torque control of a three‐phase four‐switch inverter induction motor driving system

AbstractWith the development of power electronics and motor driving system, AC motor speed control or the servo system has been widely explored. Among them, the Induction Motor (IM) driving based on a three‐phase six‐switch inverter has become a mature technology for a wide range of applications. However, in some scenarios, a certain fault‐tolerant ability and further cost savings are required. Under this circumstance, the motor driving system based on the three‐phase four‐switch inverter is proposed. However, it has fewer voltage vectors, with unequal amplitudes, spatial asymmetry, and no zero vector, which will inevitably lead to the deterioration of the control performance. In this study, the operation of the four‐switch inverter IM driving is analysed in detail. The model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) is proposed to obtain better static and dynamic characteristics. Through the simulation and experimental studies, the control algorithm is verified to drive a 2.2 kW IM. Compared with the conventional DTC, the proposed MPDTC has a rapid dynamic response and greatly reduces the torque and flux ripple in a steady state.

Retracted: Research on Intelligent Algorithm of the AC Motor Speed Regulation System Based on the Neural Network

Retracted: Research on Intelligent Algorithm of the AC Motor Speed Regulation System Based on the Neural Network

Model predictive direct torque control of a three-phase four-switch inverter induction motor driving system

With the development of power electronics and motor control, AC motor speed control system or servo system has been widely explored. Among them, the induction motor driving based on three-phase six-switch inverter has become one of the hottest topics. However, in certain applications, people want to further strengthen the cost savings. At the same time, the driving system is desired to have the fault-tolerant ability. Under the circumstance, the motor operation mode based on the three-phase four-switch inverter came into being. However, it has fewer voltage vectors, with unequal amplitudes, spatial asymmetry, and no zero vector, which will inevitably lead to the deterioration of the dynamic and static performance. In this paper, the theory of four-switch motor operation mode and its control performance is deeply analyzed. The model predictive direct torque control algorithm is proposed in order to obtain better static and dynamic characteristics.

Use of Modbus RTU, Profibus DP and HTTP Protocol for AC Motor Control

This work is part of a project to develop a test stand using a network simulator of ship traffic control and physical models of ship propulsion system components. The lab station is designed to allow control of the engine by three methods. Web-based control, slave-level control as well as master-level control. The components of the lab bench and the various blocks used in the TIA Portal program are described. The article deals with the application of Internet 4.0 to AC motor control. In order to be able to synthesize a laboratory workstation to enable the control capabilities of Internet 4.0, an idea diagram is described. The Profibus DP protocol was used to connect the I/O module to the PLC, which made it possible to control the operation of the motor directly from the module through the PLC connected to the inverter by the Modbus RTU protocol. In order to implement an experimental Internet 4.0 workstation, it was also necessary to add remote control using the HTTP protocol and design a website. All the above-mentioned protocols were briefly discussed and implemented in the TIA Portal environment. Also described is the idea and operation of a program written in the LAD language, which is designed to control an AC motor from three different devices: PLC, I/O module and PC via a web page. In the construction of the program, the MB_COMM_LOAD and MB_MASTER blocks dealing with communication and control with the inverter were used, as well as the WWW block used to communicate the controller with the website. The operation of the software was verified from the level of two devices, the I/O module and the website, including its optimization for the correct operation of the entire system as shown in the graph of the change in the value of the AC motor speed control word. In the final part of the work, an analysis of the suitability and validity of using such a system in industry was carried out.

RANCANGBANGUN RANGKAIAN INVERTER SPWM UNIPOLAR 1 FASA DENGAN PENGATURAN FREKUENSI OUTPUT


 
 
 Changing the dc sgnal to ac signal is done for te purpose of load regulations, such as the ac motor speed, heater and lamp. Inverter work is done by ac rectification first and then converted again to a 1 phase ac signal. The ac output signal is a sinosoidal PWM (SPWM) type of unipolar 220 volts from the input 24 volt dc voltage. Unipolar SPWM signal generation is done by a microcontroller with programming. The number of counts (resolutions) of the SPWM signal and the period are set from the amount in the register, can be set to 8 bits or other constants. The power part of the SPWM inverter is the N channel MOSFET bridge circuit H with IR2110 solid state driver. Step transformer as a load while step-up the inverter output voltage. Determination of the output frequency is set through a rotary encoder that can be adjusted up (increment) or down (decrement). There are 5 frequency variations, namely 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Hz. To get the inverter efficiency, the type of MOSFET used is chosen to have the type that has a low RDS (on) value and the right driving pulse, according to the switch configuration. Measurement of the output frequency is done by reading the image on the osciloscope. The observations show a frequency value that is almost the same as the constant. The test results show the difference in output voltage which is reduced at a 30 watt load.
 
 

Experimental analysis of PQ parameter estimation of VFD drives

Controlling the AC motor speed and torque changing voltage and frequency for electrical and mechanical system the adjustable speed drive system is required which is known as Variable Frequency Drive. The usage of VFD is gradually increasing every day. The 25% of the world’s energy is consumed by the motor load for which the usage of VFD is responsible. The cost of VFD can be reduced and size also reduced to help the system more compatible within a very short span of space. It is based on semiconductor topologies, driver circuit, control circuit and both software and hardware devices are also used. Now power quality is the important role plays for the energy efficiency of the system. The researchers are working on various issues of power quality like voltage sag, swell, system unbalance etc. which are required to be analysed for the improvement of the efficiency of the system. In this research the VFD based induction motor faces various power quality issues which are described. The paper is concentrating on various power quality issues which affects the performance of VFD drives through various parameters. The various power quality parameters are predicted for the change in loadings with the help of MATLAB curve fitting tool. With different load variations voltage and current unbalance have been measured. The process has been done though experimental setup with the help of power quality analyser Fluke 302 and both the controller technique like VVC+ and V/F methods have been used.

Analytical and Simulation Fair Comparison of Three Level Si IGBT Based NPC Topologies and Two Level SiC MOSFET Based Topology for High Speed Drives

Wide bandgap (WBG) power devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) can viably supply high speed electrical drives, due to their capability to increase efficiency and reduce the size of the power converters. On the other hand, high frequency operation of the SiC devices emphasizes the effect of parasitics, which generates reflected wave transient overvoltage on motor terminals, reducing the life time and the reliability of electric drives. In this paper, a SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) based two level (2L) inverter is systematically studied and compared to the performance of Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based three level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topologies, for high speed AC motor loads, in terms of efficiency, overvoltages, heat sink design, and cost. A fair comparison was introduced for the first time, having the same output voltage capabilities, output current total harmonic distortion (THD), and overvoltages for the three systems. The analysis indicated the convenience of using the SiC MOSFET based 2L inverter for lower output power. In the case of the maximum output power, the heat sink volume was found to be 20% higher for the 2L SiC based inverter when compared to 3L NPC topologies. Simulations were carried out by realistic dynamic models of power switch modules obtained from the manufacturer’s experimental tests and verified both in the LTspice and PLECS simulation packages.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR AC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL BY USING PLC

PLC is widely used in industrial control application. For this reason, PLC education has an important place in the content of universities and it is explained in different engineering department. 
 In this paper, AC motor speed control by using PLC experimental setup is designed and implemented. Through this experimental setup, students can experience and use of the encoder, 3-phase AC motor and PID control algorithm. Besides, this experimental setup helps students to develop their real time engineering skill and experience in departments of universities such as electrical-electronics, mechatronics, control and automation engineering.

Repairing and commissioning of an AC motor speed controller for a centrifugal pump

A centrifugal pump was installed in 1984 in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department of Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology. The motor of the centrifugal pump was dc motor and was not working. It could not be commissioned for a long time because of the damaged speed controller. The main shaft (rotor) was also jammed. In this project work, the dc motor was tried to repair. But it could not be run because the specification of the motor and the operating manual was not available. To complete the project successfully, the dc motor was replaced by an ac induction motor. After replacing the motor, the speed of the new motor was controlled by a variable frequency drive (VFD). Using this device, the speed was controlled from 600 rpm to 3000 rpm smoothly. After the replacement, the testing of the centrifugal pump was successfully performed and the motor was controlled in various speeds. Experiment on the performance test of the centrifugal pump was carried out satisfactorily running the pump in various speeds operated by the VFD.

Method for controlling the hydraulic pump flow following an imposed frequency law for AC motors

The efficiency improvements of the hydraulic systems could be accomplish by integrating the electronics and computer engineering. The hydraulic power is the most suitable for control techniques implying real-time correlation between the pressure and flow. The paper presents the way we have controlled the hydraulic power by varying the pump flow as direct proportion to its AC motor frequencies. We have written the specialized software for controlling the frequency following an imposed law. By using the Texas Instrument and Arduino devices, we have controlled the AC motor speed with an inverter, so that the experimental set up for the entire electro-hydraulic system approved the useful and expected results for the external gear pump.

New technical trends on adjustable speed AC motor drives

Adjustable speed AC Motor drives have been used extensively in modern industry and transportation which calls for electrical and mechanical energy conversion with wide output power range applications. Because of its modularity and scalability, the drive system can be extended to many different application areas. More recently, adjustable speed AC motor drive applications are spreading not only in industry applications, but also sky and the marine. In this paper, after summarizing the history of adjustable speed AC motor drives and applications, the main issues of AC drive technologies are reviewed and investigated in the paper. Technical issues of adjustable speed AC motor drives including its standardization are surveyed and analyzed for more advancement. Finally, the paper provides the latest technical trends on adjustable speed AC motor drives technologies, and discusses the development of high speed high power PM motor.

The impact of sampling frequency and amplitude modulation index on low order harmonics in a 3-phase SV-PVM voltage source inverter

Nowadays, variable speed AC motors are widely used in industry and there are many speed adjustment techniques available. In the last decade there has been a trend towards the use of space vector PWM--IGBT inverters, due to easier digital realization and better utilization of the DC bus. Every power inverter produces a total harmonic distortion (THD) on its output that causes extra losses in stator of induction motors. By eliminating a number of low order voltage/current harmonics it is possible to reduce harmonic losses (stator losses) and mechanical oscillations in general. This could be achieved by implementing filters in the output of inverters or by applying a modern modulation technique such as space vector pulse width modulation (SV-PWM). The objective of this paper is focused on using general techniques of SV-PWM in 2-level 3-phase voltage source inverters for inductive load tempting to eliminate the low order voltage/current harmonics, by varying sampling frequency and amplitude modulation index, without using filters.

An optimized fractional order PID controller for suppressing vibration of AC motor

Fractional order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is composed of a number of integer order PID controllers. It is more accurate to control the complex system than the traditional integer order PID controller. The values of parameters of the fractional order PID controller play a decisive role for the control effect. Because the fractional order PID controller added two adjustable parameters than the traditional PID controller, it is very difficult to tune parameters. So the Back Propagation (BP) neural network is selected to optimize the parameters of the fractional order PID controller in order to obtain the high performance. Then the optimized fractional order PID controller and the traditional PID controller are used to control AC motor speed governing system. And the vibration spectrum and stator current spectrum under different rotating speeds are compared and analyzed in detail. The results show that the optimized fractional order PID controller has better vibration suppression performance than the traditional PID controller. The reason is that the optimized fractional order PID controller changed the stator current component, and further changed the frequency components and the amplitude of the vibration signal of the motor.

Harmonic suppression modulation strategy for ultra‐sparse matrix converter

This study presents two improved modulation strategies for ultra-sparse matrix converter to solve the problem of high total harmonic distortion (THD) under the circumstance of low-voltage transfer ratio. When the load power is low, the first strategy reselects the medium and the lowest positive line-to-line voltages to synthesise a lower dc-link voltage. Thus, the same output performances with the increased voltage transfer ratio will be achieved, and the THD of output voltage is decreased effectively. The second strategy is realised by rearranging the sequences of active vectors in rectifier stage and by adding suitable zero space vectors in inverter stage to widen pulses. Thus, the number of narrow pulses is decreased and the THD of output voltage then will be further reduced. Under the condition of normal operation of the load, both proposed strategies can improve the input and load currents without increasing the switching losses. The improved strategies are proposed for the application of AC motor speed regulation, and can be easily implemented in software with no need of any additional hardware modifications. Experimental results are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategies.

An ANN-based Speed and Flux Controller of Three-Phase AC Motors with Uncertain Parameters

An ANN-based Speed and Flux Controller of Three-Phase AC Motors with Uncertain Parameters

Power Frequency Converter Based on Integral-cycle Triggering Mode of Thyristors with Multi-control Periods

Conventional integral-cycle control was abandoned as an AC motor speed controller many years ago because the unbalanced sets of sub-harmonic and higher-order harmonic voltages generated by this type of control create severe problems for AC machines, causing excessive heat, mechanical vibrations, and noise. On the other hand, integral-cycle control has many advantages over phase-angle control as it generates fewer harmonics, reduces the electromagnetic interference, and possesses all the advantages of zero-voltage switching techniques. In the present work, an attempt is made to develop an integral-cycle control based power frequency changer using multi-conduction and multi-control periods that can compete with the conventional power frequency changers used to drive AC machines, such as inverters and cycloconverters. A comprehensive mathematical analysis for the generated voltage waveforms is carried out as well as a prototype experimental model of the frequency changer has been designed and built in the laboratory to investigate its performance with several types of load. The problem of phase unbalance associated with integral-cycle control when it is used with three-phase system is also studied, and an attempt is made to solve this problem by using different phase-angle triggering and phase-shifting techniques.

Single-Phase Sine Inverter Power Supply Based on PIC18F2431

According to the principle of equivalent surface area and Nyquist sampling theorem, this paper introduces the method which takes PIC18F2431 SCM as the control center in details, and it forms Single-phase sine inverter power supply by adopting the principle of equivalent surface area directly. This method that can be widely used in controlling Single-phase AC motor speed is simple and cost-effective.