Speed Communication Research Articles

The Analysis of the Phenomenon of Pan-Entertainment in the Era of New Media

Abstract: Digital media, such as computers and cellular phones, have undergone a period of accelerated development since the second half of the 19th century, with the general public becoming increasingly immersed in the new media age. In the digital age, there has been a significant increase in the variety, scope and speed of mass communication, facilitated by a wider variety of technologies. The accessibility of information has also increased, especially compared to the era of traditional media. Entertainment as a component of communication has proliferated in many ways and has become a ubiquitous aspect of public life. However, in the context of contemporary society, the prevalence of pan-entertainment has given rise to the phenomenon of pan-entertainment, whereby almost every aspect of life is regarded as forms of entertainment, deserving social attention. This paper discusses the phenomenon of pan-entertainment in the context of the new media era, combining theory and case study. Using the example of comedian Li Haoshi (HOUSE) and his fans, the paper explores the role of media and capital, technological development, and social demand in the emergence of this phenomenon. Finally, the paper argues that while entertainment is positive, the public must be alert to its potential harm to aesthetics, spirituality and values. To this end, the paper suggests measures at the educational, law and platform levels.

Modeling of network public opinion communication based on social combustion theory under sudden social hot events.

Sudden social hot events spread rapidly in the Internet era, which can easily cause group behaviors. Therefore, studying the law of public opinion communication has important theoretical and practical significance for controlling public opinion. This paper constructs the DBUS (Divorced-Burning-Unburning-Stable) model according to the social combustion theory deduced from the analogy of natural combustion phenomena. This paper comprehensively considers the influence of individual characteristics and external environment on the dissemination of online public opinion, introduces indicators such as individuals' self-awareness ability, authority to reflect individual differences, and takes the surrounding individual influence as an external environment factor. Through simulations, we find that (1) the speed of public opinion communication and the dissipation speed are related to cognitive ability, conformity and the network structure; (2) the credibility of the government and the media and the transparency of the information released are the most important factors affecting the scale of public opinion communication; In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of the model established in this paper are verified by an example.

Evaluation of inner product-based demultiplexing of vortex-based underwater acoustic communications signals in realistic environments.

Acoustic vortex beams have garnered recent interest as an avenue to improve underwater acoustic communication bandwidth and speed. Design and deployment of these systems in ocean environments and at operational ranges has yet to be demonstrated due to the challenging and dynamic nature of the underwater acoustic environment. This manuscript presents methods to model the time series of vortex-based communication signals in ocean environments using ray tracing algorithms. The methods are used to assess the effects of Doppler, ocean turbulence, positional error, and range-dependent environmental parameters on the inner product demultiplexing of the communication signals encoded in the acoustic orbital angular momentum.

Machine learning for predictive AAC: Improving speech and gesture-based communication systems

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems play a crucial role in supporting individuals with severe communication disabilities by providing accessible means of expression and engagement. However, many conventional AAC devices rely on manual input or basic predictive functions, which can limit communication efficiency and responsiveness. The application of machine learning (ML) to AAC offers new opportunities to enhance these systems, enabling them to provide faster, more accurate, and contextually relevant communication assistance. Advances in ML, particularly in predictive text, speech recognition, and gesture interpretation, allow AAC systems to adapt more intuitively to user needs, predicting intent based on usage patterns and multimodal data, such as voice and gestures. Current research highlights the potential of ML to address key gaps in AAC technology by creating more responsive, personalized systems that align with individual user behaviours. This study proposes a novel ML framework designed to integrate these capabilities, promising improvements in communication speed, user autonomy, and accuracy. By addressing the challenges and limitations of traditional AAC devices, this research aims to advance accessible communication solutions that empower users and improve quality of life.

Compact high isolation MIMO antenna array for 6G application (0.1–10 THZ)

ABSTRACT In wireless communication, channel capacity and reliability can be increased using a Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna. For several future applications, the sixth generation terahertz frequency spectrum (0.1–10 THz) will be used to increase the communication speed in wireless networks. To minimise coupling and reconfiguration, the decoupling structure and pin diodes are used in the MIMO antenna. This research presents a four-port electromagnetic band gap-based MIMO antenna array for 6 G applications. The entire MIMO system is influenced by the electromagnetic coupling between the four or eight MIMO parts. In the ground plane, antenna size reduction, insulation improvement, and defective ground are used. Here, the antenna is designed and compared using the two substrates Flame Retardant and polyimide. The performance of the suggested design is 288 GHz Polyimide and 301.6 GHz FR4. The suggested design showed better performance of the antenna as well as diversity measures.

Enhancement of photoresponse for InGaAs infrared photodetectors using plasmonic WO3-x/CsyWO3-xnanocrystals.

Fast and accurate detection of light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range plays a crucial role in modern society, from alleviating speed and capacity bottlenecks in optical communications to enhancing the control and safety of autonomous vehicles through NIR imaging systems. Several technological platforms are currently under investigation to improve NIR photodetection, aiming to surpass the performance of established III-V semiconductor p-i-n (PIN) junction technology. These platforms include in situ-grown inorganic nanocrystals and nanowire arrays, as well as hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as graphene-perovskite heterostructures. However, challenges remain in nanocrystal and nanowire growth, large-area fabrication of high-quality 2D materials, and the fabrication of devices for practical applications. Here, we explore the potential for tailored semiconductor nanocrystals to enhance the responsivity of planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors. MSM technology offers ease of fabrication and fast response times compared to PIN detectors. We observe enhancement of the optical-to-electric conversion efficiency by up to a factor of ~2.5 through the application of plasmonically-active semiconductor nanorods and nanocrystals. We present a protocol for synthesizing and rapidly testing the performance of non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanorods and cesium-doped tungsten oxide (CsyWO3-x) hexagonal nanoprisms prepared in colloidal suspensions and drop-cast onto photodetector surfaces. The results demonstrate the potential for a cost-effective and scalable method exploiting tailored nanocrystals to improve the performance of NIR optoelectronic devices.

Authenticity and high performance: Nonmarket social, public and media strategies of foreign SMEs during a black swan event

AbstractNonmarket (NM) strategy is an emerging concept, similar to the notion of NM social, public and media strategy (SPMS). Previous literature has predominantly focused on larger corporations, often overlooking smaller enterprises. Additionally, much of the existing research has been centred on developed markets, leaving a gap in qualitative research. The current analysis seeks to elucidate how foreign small and medium‐sized enterprises (FSMEs) in transitional markets, such as Shanghai, adopt specific NM SPMS to mitigate the liability of foreignness (LOF) during a pandemic. The study utilizes a CGT approach, employing semi‐structured interviews with 27 participants, including foreign entrepreneurs and digital marketing specialists. Additionally, qualitative data was analysed comprehensively using Atlas.ti 9 software. The qualitative methodology implementation resulted in the creation of the authenticity and high performance framework from where specific strategies and general implications are presented. The study highlights two principal themes: (1) The need for increased flexibility and speed in social media message communication and (2) Customized FSME strategies through digital marketing—a never‐going‐back market digitalization. The second theme is subdivided into (a) Tailored public relations for FSMEs. (b) An increased need for internal cohesion—fostering a stable mindset and positive rapport among staff. (c) An increased need for trialling new target customers. (d) Creating a relatable story—showing a particular vulnerability can be viral and (e) Maintaining a strong reputation for operational performance.

“Conversations with Friends”: A review of communication between two services

Abstract Background EDITH (Emergency Department in the home) is a rapid response team consisting of a doctor/ANP and OT who assess patients in their home to avoid an ED attendance. The Integrated Care Team for Older People (ICPOP) is a community-based specialist multidisciplinary team that provides assessment and intervention for frail older adults in order to facilitate them to remain living at home. These two teams work collaboratively to keep older adults out of hospital and refer a high volume of patients between the two services. It is imperative to reflect on current communication practices in order to future proof these services and ensure optimum patient care. Methods An electronic survey was designed to evaluate the service and was circulated to members of both teams. Quantitative data was captured via likert scales and qualitative feedback was analysed via thematic analysis. There was a total of 13 respondents. Results One hundred percentage of participants rated confidentiality of communication “average” and “above average”. 92% rated accuracy and accessibility of communication as “average” and “above average” while 15% rated speed of communication as “below average”. Key themes such as “prompt communication”, “friendly working relationships” and “using therapy specific language” emerged as areas that are working well. Area for improvement include “close loop communication/referral process” and “lack of a shared electronic healthcare record”. Conclusion Overall, the feedback from both teams appears to be positive and it is beneficial to reflect on communication processes. It is important to build on good working relations between acute and community teams as it likely results in better patient outcomes. Key areas for improvement have been highlighted and an action plan to address same can be formulated.

Aspects of effective communication (european experience): digital, informational, and sociolinguistic dimensions

Introduction: The modern era of digital technologies and globalization has brought about significant transformations in communication methods. This article explores how digital, informational, and sociolinguistic dimensions influence the processes of effective communication, focusing particularly on European experiences.Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of digital transformation, information transparency, linguistic diversity, and cultural adaptation on effective communication in modern European society. The research aims to uncover both the benefits and challenges posed by these factors in the context of communication processes.Methods: This research employed a theoretical approach, synthesizing a wide range of literature and conducting psychological and sociolinguistic analyses. Comparative methods were used to assess different strategies of communication in European contexts, while particular attention was paid to understanding how digitalization and sociolinguistic factors interact.Results: The findings suggest that digitalization enhances accessibility and the speed of communication but introduces challenges, such as the digital divide and data protection issues. Information transparency and accessibility have been identified as crucial in building trust and ensuring the effective exchange of information. Moreover, sociolinguistic factors, especially cultural and language adaptation, have proven essential for effective intercultural communication in Europe.Conclusions: The study concludes that successful communication strategies must incorporate digital, informational, and sociolinguistic aspects, particularly in multilingual and culturally diverse contexts. Awareness and adaptation to cultural norms and linguistic nuances are vital for creating more effective communication practices in both international and local interactions. Practical recommendations include focusing on cultural sensitivity and data transparency to further enhance communication processes

A Machine Vision Method for Identifying Blade Tip Clearance in Wind Turbines.

This paper introduces a machine vision method for measuring the blade tip clearance in a wind turbine. An industrial personal computer (IPC) is installed in the nacelle of the wind turbine to continuously receive video data from a digital camera mounted at the bottom of the nacelle. Using the open-source computer vision (OpenCV) digital image processing library data base, the real-time trajectory of the turbine blades is determined from the video data. Furthermore, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is performed for determining the operating frequency of the blades in the images. The amplitude analysis performed at this operating frequency reveals the pixel-based blade tip clearance, which is then used to calculate the actual clearance of the wind turbine. This value is subsequently transmitted to the main controller of the wind turbine. The main controller can enhance the operational safety of the wind turbine by implementing appropriate pitch control strategies to restrict and safeguard the blade tip clearance. The results obtained by conducting experiments on a 2.0 MW wind turbine unit validate the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. In this method, the blade tip clearance can be calculated effectively in real time, and both the video sampling rate and communication speed meet the requirements for controlling the blade pitch.

Tbps wide-field parallel optical wireless communications based on a metasurface beam splitter

Optical wireless communication (OWC) stands out as one of the most promising technologies in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks. The establishment of high-quality optical links between transmitters and receivers plays a crucial role in OWC performances. Here, by a compact beam splitter composed of a metasurface and a fiber array, we proposed a wide-angle (~120°) OWC optical link scheme that can parallelly support up to 144 communication users. Utilizing high-speed optical module sources and wavelength division multiplexing technique, we demonstrated each user can achieve a communication speed of 200 Gbps which enables the entire system to support ultra-high communication capacity exceeding 28 Tbps. Furthermore, utilizing the metasurface polarization multiplexing, we implemented a full range wide-angle OWC without blind area nor crosstalk among users. Our OWC scheme simultaneously possesses the advantages of high-speed, wide communication area and multi-user parallel communications, paving the way for revolutionary high-performance OWC in the future.

Average Time Consumption Per Character - a Practical Performance Metric for Generic Synchronous BCI Spellers.

The information transfer rate (ITR) is widely accepted as a performance metric for generic brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers, while it is noticeable that the communication speed given by ITR is actually an upper bound which however can never be reached in real systems. A new performance metric is therefore needed. In this paper, a new metric named average time consumption per character (ATCPC) is proposed. It quantifies how long it takes on average to type one character using a typical synchronous BCI speller. To analytically derive ATCPC, the real typing process is modelled with a random walk on a graph. Misclassification and backspace are carefully characterized. A close-form formula of ATCPC is obtained through computing the hitting time of the random walk. The new metric is validated through simulated typing experiments and compared with ITR. Firstly, the formula and simulation show a good consistency. Secondly, ITR always tends to overestimate the communication speed, while ATCPC is more realistic. The proposed ATCPC metric is valid. ATCPC is a qualified substitute for ITR. ATCPC also reveals the great potential of keyboard optimization to further enhance the performance of BCI spellers, which was hardly investigated before.

Development and evaluation of an interactive information system in technical assistance and rural extension

The state of Espírito Santo has a wide diversification of rural activities, such as family agribusinesses and activities related to rural tourism. However, diagnosing the rural zone presents some challenges, such as the difficulty of access and location, long distances, and excessive costs, combined with the scarcity of human and financial resources inherent to public services. In this sense, it is necessary to restructure the communication and technical assistance and rural extension model established by public institutions to reinforce the trend towards the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and the implementation of concepts such as e-government (e-Gov). In this context, we propose an interactive computational tool, focusing on diagnosing, planning, and addressing the different current demands the rural sector presents. To achieve this, we have developed a consulting and data analysis system that also employs artificial intelligence concepts, aiming to increase the efficiency and quality of public services in rural areas. The proposed system is called Agrolegal Ater Digital and includes functionalities such as registration, diagnosis, virtual library, event registration, news, and funding opportunities. The objective is to facilitate access to information for rural entrepreneurs regarding the public services offered and to increase the speed of communication with public agents. The results obtained through the conducted diagnoses are promising, with good acceptance from the test group regarding the proposed tool and the use of information technology in addressing requests in rural areas.

Smart Predict: adding partner-suggested vocabulary to increase efficiency in a dual tablet AAC typing application

Smart Predict is a novel two-tablet application developed to improve conversational efficiency for people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. The Smart Predict system consists of two distinct applications that were built for use with two Android tablets and/or phones with Bluetooth® capability. One application is referred to as the AAC User app and the second application is called the Partner app. Smart Predict integrates vocabulary supplementation from communication partners in real-time while persons who rely on AAC generate text and maintain full control to choose words within a word prediction line. Using single-case research designs with adapted alternating treatments under two counterbalanced treatment conditions (AAC User app alone versus AAC User app + Partner app), we examined message efficiency with persons who rely on switch scanning for on-screen keyboards. User experience questionnaires were administered to determine satisfaction and workload, and to provide feedback for future development efforts. Three adults with complex communication needs and motor impairments conversed with research staff about fourteen movie trailers. Characters per minute and switch selections per character produced by the person with complex communication needs and motor impairments were measured during 15-minute interviews to represent communication speed and effort. Results indicate that message efficiency increased with the dual-tablet Smart Predict, indicating faster message generation with the vocabulary supplementation system. User satisfaction increased and perceived effort decreased under the Smart Predict conditions. Given these results within a research and development framework, the Smart Predict concept is a viable feature that could be considered within smart AAC technologies.

FPGA-based SPI serial communication

With advances in computer and IoT technology, the realization of the Internet of Everything is just around the corner. Synchronous serial bus communication with simple, high-speed interfaces and easy implementation will become a key player in the electronics industry. However, due to factors such as I/O resources, timing constraints, and register resources, general microcontrollers have various problems. The serial bus communication of I/O simulation has a low transmission rate and cannot achieve true full duplex communication. SPI is a standard for serial transmission introduced by Motorola in the United States. It is a high-speed, full-duplex, synchronous communication bus. Peripheral chips with SPI interface are abundant and widely used. This design uses Verilog HDL language to describe the function, based on the FPGA platform, verifies the SPI serial communication protocol, and realizes the serial communication between the sender and the receiver. SPI has important research significance for enhancing the stability of inter-device communication, improving communication speed and transmission security in the future.

Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications

Abstract The explosive growth of worldwide mobile data traffic seeks innovations in communication technology to cater to the mounting need for rapid connectivity, high-capacity connections. The mainstreaming of 5G technologies for communication is a dramatic step towards meeting the aforementioned goals, with the ability for reshaping IoT (Internet of things), D2D (device-to-Device) communications, and the smart grids. This work conveys an in-depth study of the fundamental innovations that underlie 5G, including full-duplex distribution, huge multiple-input-multiple-output, ultra-dense connections, the phenomenon of beamforming and millimeter-wave approaches. A special emphasis is focused on the integration of photonic technologies, or microwave photonics, which serves as a critical multidisciplinary study topic. Optical fibers, with their tremendous bandwidth and capacity, have been determined as the best medium for backhaul and fronthaul amenities, outpacing conventional copper cables to accommodate tiny cells and next-generation networks. The synergy between optical and wireless access technologies is analyzed with the emphasis on the central role of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) for improving network efficiency and speed. The investigation additionally explores the possibility of intelligent signal processing methods combined with WDM to optimize photonic network communications. The mingling of these technologies anticipates producing unrivaled levels of performance, rupturing the path for an additional intelligent, interconnected era.

Assessment of loss of life owing to dam-failure flooding considering population distribution and evacuation

Dam failures pose a serious threat to the safety of downstream populations. Scientifically assessing loss of life (LOL) from dam-failure flooding contributes to the emergency response. Population distribution varies spatially and temporally even within a day, and has different information dissemination and response speeds, which impacts the chances of safe evacuation. This study established an LOL assessment model that considers the initial population distribution and population evacuation process. Shared bike big data and other multi-source data were used to identify daily population activity. The evacuation process includes receiving warnings, responses, and horizontal or vertical evacuation choices, and the evacuation results were then evaluated. This model was applied to a dam in China. During nighttime, commuting, and working hours, the issuance of warnings 214 min, 137 min, and 0 min prior to dam failure, respectively, significantly mitigated LOL. Under the same communication and response speeds, the commuting period poses the highest risk of LOL. Assessments of LOL due to dam failure flooding need to consider the impact of the timing of dam failure and population distribution. The model used in this study proposes varying effective early warning times based on the time of dam failure occurrence, which can contribute to effective dam risk management, helping prevent personnel loss.

Operational Tests for Delay-Tolerant Network between the Moon and Earth Using the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter in Lunar Orbit

The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) was launched on 5 August 2022, equipped on the SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle. At present, the KPLO is effectively carrying out its scientific mission in lunar orbit. The KPLO serves as a cornerstone for the development and validation of Korean space science and deep space technology. Among its payloads is the DTNPL, enabling the first-ever test of delay-tolerant network (DTN) technology for satellites in lunar orbit. DTN technology represents a significant advancement in space communication, offering stable communication capabilities characterized by high delay tolerance, reliability, and asymmetric communication speeds—a necessity for existing satellite and space communication systems to evolve. In this paper, we briefly give an overview of the Korea Lunar Exploration Program (KLEP) and present scientific data gathered through the KPLO mission. Specifically, we focus on the operational tests for DTN-ION conducted for message and file transfer, as well as real-time video streaming, during the initial operations of the KPLO. Lastly, this study offers insights and lessons learned from KPLO DTNPL operations, with the goal of providing valuable guidance for future advancements in space communication.

A review of federated learning algorithms in image classification

Image classification is one of the most popular applications of machine learning. It has shown its potential in fields like healthcare, auto-driving and face recognition. Federated learning (FL) emerged in 2017, creating a major innovation to the field. The new structure brings new possibilities, but create new challenges such as data heterogeneity, privacy leakage and communication burdens in parameter updating. The paper solves the problem that there are relatively few papers providing a complete analysis relating to the application of FL in image classification. The paper contributes to describe the new challenges of FL in image classification and show the related reasons behind respectively, then analyze the current state-of-the-art algorithms designed for solving the challenges and improving image model performance by discussing the basic ideas and steps of algorithms and showing their pros and cons. The paper further more contributes to compare the performance of each model in accuracy and communication speed, and outline several possible directions for future advancement.

HydraulicBridge: Covert Signaling Channel between Air-Gapped Systems Using Hydraulic-Pressure Fluctuations

To protect critical computing systems from network attacks, modern enterprises typically employ physical isolation measures to disconnect them from open networks such as the Internet. However, attackers can still infiltrate these closed networks through internal employees or supply chain vulnerabilities. This presents the primary challenge that attackers face: how to effectively manage and manipulate infected devices that are isolated from the external network. In this paper, we propose a new covert communication technology called HydraulicBridge, which demonstrates how air gap networks can communicate through covert water pressure-fluctuation channels. Specifically, we demonstrate how water pressure from water pipes can be used to communicate with infected hosts within an air gap network. Additionally, we provide experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of covert channels and test the communication speed in the experimental environment. Finally, we offer a forensic analysis and propose various methods for detecting and blocking this channel. We believe that this study provides a comprehensive introduction to previously unseen attack vectors that security experts should be aware of.