Speech Scripts Research Articles

LEXICAL COHESION ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S SCRIPT SPEECH

Abstract This study has target to find lexical cohesion in the text of a speech delivered by a controversial president, Donald Trump. The researcher also reveals several reasons why the writing problem is on lexical cohesion where cohesive devices play an important role in shaping a speech and the use of language that is organized and easily understood by others in delivering a speech will have an impact on communication that goes well, so as to avoid misunderstandings between speakers and listeners. Therefore, the method used in this research is qualitative and this descriptive qualitative research also used observational method and note taking technique. In supporting data collection techniques, researchers use the theory of Creswell (2018) and also support by Merriam &Tisdell (2016) .The next by Litosseliti (2010). The lexical cohesion proposed by Matthienssen & Halliday, (2014) has several types of lexical cohesion consist of repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and meronymy. For the results of data analysis, there are 50 repetitions then 1 hyponymy then 1 meronym, 2 synonyms, and finally 1 antonym. Keywords: Speech Script, Cohesion, Lexical cohesion, Qualitative

Discourse analysis: A reference approach to investigating a good speech script

The purpose of this study was to investigate a good speech script by examining the types and functions of references in Joe Biden’s victory speech using Hasan and Halliday’s theory. The use of references is crucial for avoiding misunderstandings and effectively conveying information from sentences. This study used content analysis as a descriptive-qualitative method. The data used in this study consisted of Joe Biden’s speech script as president of the United States of America. According to Halliday and Hasan’s theory, there are three types of references: personal, demonstrative and comparative. Anaphora and cataphora are the two types of reference functions. The researchers followed Creswell’s concept in collecting and analyzing the data. Identification of the references used in Joe Biden's victory speech, classification of the references' types, data analysis (marking each reference that appears in the video), classification of terms that contain reference words in the video, assignment of codes to each reference category (personal, demonstrative and reference) and finally an explanation of the purposes of the references used in Joe Biden's victory speech were all aspects of the process. The results revealed that the speech script contained 395 instances of references including 236 instances (60%) of personal pronouns, 152 instances (38.5%) of demonstrative references, 7 instances (1.5%) of comparative references and 198 instances of reference functions with 128 instances (64.5%) being anaphora and 70 instances (35.5%) being cataphora. It is intended that this research will serve as a guide for others to use while speaking in order to reduce misunderstandings and improve the effectiveness of information.

Developing Public Speaking Ability For the Teachers of SMP Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Batee Iliek Samalanga

Teachers are the backbone of an educational institution. The progress or setback of an educational institution is determined by the role of teachers. Through observations and interviews conducted with the Headmaster of SMP Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Batee Iliek, it was found that the majority of teachers lack proficient public speaking skills. Based on this issue, it is necessary to organize activities to enhance public speaking skills, which are crucial for the teachers of SMP Jamiah Al-Aziziyah Batee Iliek. The method of implementing these activities is through lecture-based methods. The stages of the activities include pre-implementation, implementation, and evaluation. Technically, a theoretical explanation related to public speaking skills is provided, and participants then engage in practical exercises. After the lectures, participants are assigned tasks and provided guidance to create speech scripts on themes relevant to the school's needs. The results of the community service activities aimed at enhancing public speaking skills have shown improvement among the participants. According to the participants' questionnaire responses, there was an increase in understanding the criteria for effective speakers, with 20% previously not understanding and 80% having an average level, which improved to 40% understanding and 60% having a high level of understanding. During the practical exercises, all participants successfully overcame confidence issues while speaking. The results of the task to compose speech scripts were quite satisfactory, with an average score of 77.5 out of 100.

PENDAMPINGAN CALON PESERTA ENGLISH SPEECH COMPETITION PORSENI PAC IPNU IPPNU KECAMATAN BUARAN

English is an international language which must be mastered by everyone including the members of IPNU and IPPNU. There were many competitions which were held to support English mastery, one of them is English speech competition. This competition motivated the members of IPNU and IPPNU to develop their English mastery. The purpose of this community service was to give accompaniment to the members of IPPNU Simbang Kulon branch so that they were able to write English speech script and they were able to perform it fluently and confidently in the IPNU IPPNU PORSENI Kecamatan Buaran in2023. The participants of this community service were the members of IPPNU Simbang Kulon branch. This community service was done in some steps. They were planning, implementation, evaluation, and report writing. The result of this community service showed that after joining this agenda, the participants could write English speech script based on the topic, using correct grammar and vocabulary. In addition, the participants were able to perform the speech confidently with the gesture, mimic, and eye contact. The participants were able to pronounce the utterance well and delivered the speech fluently. This community service was done successfully. It was proven that the one of the participants became the winner of the English speech competition in the PORSENI.

The Semantic Analysis of Joko Widodo’s Speech on Youtube

In this research, there are several expressions of words that are grammatically used in semantic meaning in Joko Widodo's speech discourse. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis from 10 data on the title Jokowi speech on YouTube and obtained from the observation method. In its disclosure, five types of semantic meaning have been found, namely conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, effective meaning and thematic meaning. The type of meaning that is often found is conceptual meaning (38.20%). To follow the flow in a speech script, we can analyze the semantic meaning in it. A speech is a formal presentation given to the audience. A speaker can deliver a good speech as long as the speaker focuses on his goal and tries to convey the goal in the minds of the audience. But sometimes the audience cannot understand what the speaker is saying. In this case, semantic meaning and speech are important things to be researched and studied in depth when applied to social linguistics.

Thematic Progression in Jack Ma Speech “We Never Give Up” and as an Alternate Source for Teaching Speaking

This research mostly concentrated upon the thematic progression discovered on Jack Ma’s speech “We Never Give Up”. The current study attempts to identify thematic progression patterns on the speech, to show the most common sort of theme progression pattern found in the speech, to explained the thematic progression observe in the speech. The research design is Qualitative descriptive research. The research objective was Jack Ma’s "We Never Give Up" speech. The data from the speech script formed the study's instruments. The discussions from the study may conclude three kinds of thematic progression. There is a constant pattern with 136 findings, the zig-zag pattern with 14 findings, and a multiple pattern with 4 findings. The dominant type that being used in Jack Ma’s speech is constant theme. The constant patterns can be implemented by using the prior clause's rheme as the theme in the subsequent sentence, whereas the pattern of constant theme is generally applying since it is relatively simple to employ by repeating themes from the previous clause, the split theme pattern may be involved by taking rheme for two themes, and the multiple theme patterns can be employed when developing the following clause using a theme as a topic. As an alternate source for teaching speaking, thematic progression helps the watcher to understand the message from the speech and the result from thematic progression will provide information to the watcher.

A Study of Interactional Metadiscourse Features in Chinese University Students' Prepared English Speech

Speech is an activity in which speakers convey their message to listeners continuously. A coherent, logical argument must be made by the speaker, and audience participation is essential for a successful speech. The majority of prior research on English Public Speaking (hence referred to as EPS) from the Critical Discourse Analysis (hereinafter referred to as CDA) perspective focused on political or academic speech. Although the speech of English language learners (also known as EFLs) has caught the interest of academics. There has not been much study of the interactional metadiscourse characteristics of EFLs' EPS. In this study, we investigate how the usage of metadiscourse influences speakers' performance and the ways presenters engage with their listeners. We do this by drawing on Hyland's stance and engagement framework from 2005. Based on a corpus of 90 prepared speech scripts from high-scoring and low-scoring groups, the results suggest that explicit mentions of oneself and listeners are the most frequent elements, whereas stance markers are employed more frequently than listener engagement markers. Additionally, this study found a positive correlation between the usage of hedges and speech scores and a marginally negative correlation between speech scores and the use of self-mentions. In terms of technique, the interactional metadiscourse analysis on investigating EPS is provided by this study, while in terms of pedagogy, it emphasizes the significance of interactional metadiscourse in EPS instruction.

Speech Acts on Discourse Analysis Used in a Speech “What Really Matters at the End Life” by BJ Miller

This study aims to analyze and identify the contents of the speech "What Really Matters at the End of Life" by BJ Miller. The subject of this research is the script of the speech "What Really Matters at the End of Life" by BJ Miller. We analyze and examine each script of the speech "What really matters at the end of life?" by BJ Miller to make it easier to understand as a sample of speech acts in the speech "What really matters at the end of life?" by BJ Miller. Later, the results of the speech act data in the speech "What Really Matters at the End of Life" by BJ Miller will be reviewed to further identify and categorize the types of speech acts. We used a qualitative method with realistic analysis results in this study. We have analyzed a speech with the title "What Really Matters at the End of Life?" by BJ Miller and found several types of speech acts that often appear in each verse of the speech script, namely declarations, representatives, expressives, directives, and the last one, commissives. The dominant speech act in the script of the speech "What really matters at the end of life?" by BJ Miller is representation

Spoken resilience: Documenting lived experience of neurodiversity and thriving despite disease

This speech details my lived experience and coping strategies of a psychologist and academic diagnosed with a brain tumor. As an educator and researcher studying well-being and resilience, I summarize my experience of living through adversity and draws on the research that helped me do so. I specifically reflect on the literature of gratitude and well-being to take oppose the “fight” narrative presented at the forefront of the diagnosis. This speech script offers insight into this lived experience and calls for written speech to be utilized as a method of inquiry. Insights for healthcare practitioners and providers in navigating patient experience are discussed.

Eliciting a User's Preferences by the Self-Disclosure of Socially Assistive Robots in Local Households of Older Adults to Facilitate Verbal Human-Robot Interaction.

To realize a society in which older adults can live independently in their homes and familiar environments for as long as possible, their lives can be supported by providing appropriate technology. In this case, a new intervention for older people using socially assistive robots (SARs) is proposed; however, previous research has demonstrated that individual differences exist in the use and response to SAR interventions, and it has also been reported that SARs are not used by users in some cases. Therefore, in this study, we developed a self-disclosure function to promote continuous interaction with robots, using a Japanese corpus and self-disclosure items. In this study, we defined the specific requirements and functions of self-disclosure in SARs and developed ten non-arbitrary speech scripts from the field of social psychology using a Japanese corpus and self-disclosure items. To evaluate the effect of self-disclosure in SARs, an SAR was introduced to each household for 20 days, with the consent of seven community-dwelling older adults. Based on the recorded voice interaction data, we analyzed how the number, total time, and quality of verbal interactions changed with the SAR’s self-disclosure. Furthermore, we conducted group interviews with the participants and received positive comments regarding the robot’s self-disclosure. Some participants considered the specific personality of the SAR by accumulating its behavioral characteristics. As a consequence, these results indicate that the robot’s self-disclosure feature is effective in significantly increasing the quantity and quality of verbal interactions with older adults.

An Analysis of Language Styles Used on Aaron Beverly Speech “An Unbelievable Story” in Toastmaster Public Speaking World Champion 2019

This research aims to find out types of using language style on speech by Aaron Beverly, titled “Unbelievable Story and the possible reason why the style use dominantly. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative research. The data were analyzed with using Martin Joos Theory (1976) to find the types of the style. The data were 70 utterances from 1 speech script. The findings showed that there were 4 styles used in the speech, namely frozen style, formal style, casual style and intimate style. The language style of the speech tended to have casual style as the most dominant style. It was possible to the speaker making an interesting light speech with the dominant casual style. The speech might be presented in fun topic and chronology where it became informal situation which was more relaxed in using language. Finally, the researcher suggests to the student to be able implement the style in presentation class or in learning public speaking. Also, the next researcher who interest to conduct research in the same study to connecting research to the next new literary ideas such as in public speaking skills in business.

PELATIHAN PIDATO BAHASA INGGRIS BAGI MAHASISWA AKADEMI KEBIDANAN TAHIRAH AL BAETI BULUKUMBA

For Tahirah Al Baeti Midwifery Academy Bulukumba, competing in an English speech competition is still an obstacle due to the lack of student readiness. This service program tries to provide an initial solution by holding English speech training. Within two days, the training was held using a mentoring method and centered on student training. The assistance was assisted by three students of the DIII Midwifery Study Program at the Tahirah Al Baeti Bulukumba Midwifery Academy to become facilitators. Fourteen students participated in the training and were divided into five groups, each accompanied by one student. Lecturers provide material and feedback on student practice, as well as oversee the course of mentoring. In two days, students learn and practice the pronunciation of speech scripts, articulations, and body language needed in making speeches. They also practice speeches in front of the class at the second meeting. The results achieved were that students seemed more confident and motivated to learn to make speeches which were also seen from the results of the evaluation through the questionnaires they filled out. However, it can be concluded that the two-day training has not been maximal in improving language and speech skills. The implication that can be drawn is the need for more intensive training, in a longer time, and with a more pleasant atmosphere that still needs to be developed.

Increasing Speech Comprehensibility in TETE Through the Incorporation of 10 CEG Features

The prima可P町pose of this paper is to guide Japanese teachers of English (JTEs) to teach English through English (TETE) successfully by demonstrating a specific approach to increase their speech comprehensibility. This project is another a抗empt to illustrate the benefits of the Colloquial English Grammar (CEG) Typology Framework (revised by Kobayashi, 2015). First, the sta旬s quo of English classes in J叩anese junior and senior high schools is explored in order to examine the extent to which TETE is practiced, which is illustrated with data企om previous studies and a new survey involving universr旬 企eshmen which includes an analysis on the possible causes of JTEs’ inaction to speak English. Second, the traits observed in various types of modified speeches are reviewed in tandem with an illus仕組on of a comprehensive way to make speeches more comprehensible by incorporating ten selected CEG features into two speech scripts. Lastly, specific ways for achieving success白l teacher talk and teaching comprehensible speeches through the CEG inco中oration are proposed.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Teks Pidato Dan Berpidato Pada Siswa Kelas XII Smk Semesta Bumiayu

Speech is the expression of ideas from one person to another with oral delivery techniques. Someone who is good at speaking or giving speeches will easily be able to master the masses, and successfully market his ideas so that they can be accepted by others. Community service activities at Semesta Bumiayu Vocational School are aimed at: 1) providing knowledge in writing speech texts according to systematics, 2) providing knowledge about language rules, 3) and training in reading speech texts well. the implementation methods used in this service are: 1) lecture method, intended to deliver speech text training materials, 2) dialogic method, intended for question and answer and discussion about how to make speech texts using good and correct Indonesian, 3 ) training methods, intended to instill the skills and speaking skills using good and correct language. The training in writing speech texts and giving speeches in community service consists of three steps. The first step students get speech text material, the material delivered is the structure of the speech text. The second step students exercise to make the text of the speech, while the steps to compile the speech text: 1) Determine the theme, 2) Determine the purpose and purpose of the contents of the speech, 3) Gather material, 4) Making a framework, then developed into a complete speech script. The third step of the practice of giving speeches, when there are several obstacles encountered, one of them is lack of confidence, and not calm in reading the text of the speech, this is very reasonable because students rarely speak in public. To overcome this, regular training should be needed, so that students' confidence grows and improves properly.

Trends in development of technologies at hospitality business in the conditions of economy digitalization

This article discusses trends in development of technologies at hospitality business in the conditions of economy digitalization. At the current time economy digitalization of the Russian Federation significantly affects hospitality industry, in particular, hotel automation associated with the use of modern technologies that improves the quality of customer service. This research focuses on such technologies as artificial intelligence, blockchain, augmented reality technologies, cloud technologies, analysis of speech scripts, face recognition technologies, voice assistants, and many others.The results of the study show that despite the fact that hotel business is successfully mastering modern digital technologies, only fulfillment of continuous data collection, processing, analysis and aggregation will allow the hospitality industry management to achieve one of their main goals, which is to better understand their customers and interact with them.

Impact of Probing-Prompting Learning Model towards Students’ Writing Speech Script Ability

The aim of the research was to explore whether the probing/prompting learning model influenced Indonesian English as a Foreign Language students’ ability to perform a speech. The method used in this research was an experimental method with random cluster sampling of students from an Indonesian English as a Foreign Language school ­– Medang Gili Senior High. There were two 10th grade classes of 22 and 25 students. The results of the lottery performed on the available classes established X-B class as the experimental group and X-A class as the control group. Results of the script-writing test indicated that the average score was 79 out of 100 (with the lowest score of 65 and the highest score of 90) and the median and mode were 80.2 and 81.5, respectively. The ability to write scripts using expository models for speeches was tested among the control class. Another test prompted the use of probing prompting. The results of the hypothesis testing (t test) showed a significant level of 0.05, indicating the significant influence of using probing-prompting learning model (5.00 is greater than t table 2.026), so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Ultimately, the use of probing/prompting learning models had a demonstrably positive impact on tenth graders’ abilities to write speeches during the 2019-2020 academic year.

Tones of Last Official Speech as First Lady by Michelle Obama

This article is an analysis of the last speech script of Michelle Obama as the first lady. This study aims to find out what the tone contained in Michelle Obama's speech, to know the type of tone that is often used by Michelle Obama in her speech, and to investigate the meaning of the tone used. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and document as the source of the data. In collecting the data, first, the writers searched for a video of Michelle Obama's speech on the internet, then wrote the speech so that it became a transcript of the speech, after that, the writers did an analysis document by looking for the tone (McCarthy, 2006) used in Michelle Obama's speech. The results of the study showed that Michelle Obama uses all kinds of tone in her speech, namely Rise, Rise-fall, Fall, Fall-rise and Level. The dominant tone used by her is the Rise-fall. Tone Fall shows sadness, fall-rise tone show dissapointment, rise tone show happiness, rise-fall tone express hopeness and the last is level tone to show that speaker certain with her statement. It can be concluded that content of her speech is about motivation.

PHONETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION DELIVERED BY JOKO WIDODO AT THE APEC CEO SUMMIT 2014: AN ACOUSTIC PHONETIC STUDY ON SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES

Every speaker is always influenced by home language knowledge in pronunciation activity. Because of that, this research interested to describes Phonetic characteristics of English pronunciation delivered by Joko Widodo through Suprasegmental features such as Pitch, loudness, and Pause and analyzed by PRAAT software. The source of data is speech script from video at the APEC CEO Summit 2014. In the data analysis, there are 10 Pitch, 17 loudness and 9 pause forms. From 10 pitch forms, the use of tone contours often appeared is fall-rise tone. The rest is fall and level tone. The lowest frequency is 80.23 Hz and the highest frequency reaches 190.9 Hz. From 17 loudness forms, there are 11 data that the speaker placed a primary stress differently. Then, there are 6 data that placed primary and secondary stress inappropriately, if these were compared with the oxford dictionary. Moreover, the decibel range of the speaker tended to use around 70 decibel and above which is categorized to normal decibel. In the 9 pause forms, there are eight inter lexical pauses which means the pauses happened among lexical. Thus, by suprasegmental features mean to reveal the phonetic characteristics had by Joko Widodo as a foreign speaker.

The Implementation of Discovery Learning Models in Enhancing Speech Script Writing Skills for Students

This research investigated the use of discovery learning models to enhance students’ speech script writing skills. This research aimed to focus on the study of the effectiveness and difficulties of discovery learning models to improve students’ speech script writing skills. The research applied an experimental method by using test, observation, and questionnaires for collecting data techniques. The population of this research was students of MTs Syarikal Islam 2 Kalapanunggal. The class of IX-B was the experimental class, and a class of IX-A was control class. The use of the discovery learning model is proven to enhance students’ speech script writing skills. The effectiveness of this experimental model is shown that the average score of the pretest of the experimental class is 53,5, and the post-test score is 84,3. By comparing the control class without treatment, it indicates the effectiveness of the intervention in the experimental class. The research shows a meaningful comparison of the experimental class and control class, which gain 2,56 by using the t-test. The data obtains that t-count is higher than t-table or significant is the value of t-table<t-count, namely 1,68 < 2,56 > 2,42. Therefore, it can be concluded that the discovery learning model has shown the improvement for students’ speech script writing skills effectively.

THE ANALYSIS OF NON-LITERAL MEANING IN CHRISTMAS CAROL BY CHARLES DICKENS

This study investigates non-literal meaning in ‘Christmas Carol’ story written by a famous British author, Charles Dickens. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken or collected from words, phrases, and sentences on ‘Christmas Carol’ novella, without reducing, adding, or changing any parts from the original source. The data were analyzed to answer three research questions: (1) What types of non-literal meaning are found in Christmas Carol story? (2) What are the interpretations of those non-literal meanings found in Christmas Carol story? (3) What is the most dominant type of non-literal meaning found in Christmas Carol story? In order to avoid bias, validator triangulation was used. The study found 11 idiom, 14 Simile, 6 Hyperbole, 6 Alliteration, 5 Personification, 3 Anaphora, 3 Onomatopoeia, 2 Irony, 2 Synecdoche, 2 Sarcasm, 1 Metaphor, and 1 Litotes. Simile was the non-literal meaning’s type which was mostly used in the story, although the percentage was still less than 50%. These findings indirectly could help the readers to understand deeper the message or the story that the author wants to convey. It is suggested for future researchers to investigate the non-literal meaning of others literary works such as tale, folklore, fairy tale, short-story, fable, etc. and media such as movie, drama, speech script etc. It is because other type of non-literal meaning and different ways of using them could be found in these literary works and media. This study will improve our understanding about non-literal meaning. 
 
 Keywords: Semantics, Non-Literal meaning, Christmas Carol, Novella, Charles Dickens