Spectrum Of CT Findings Research Articles

Spectrum of CT findings in COVID 19 pneumonia– revisiting known and exploring Not-So- known findings

Spectrum of CT findings in COVID 19 pneumonia– revisiting known and exploring Not-So- known findings

Computed tomographic findings and clinical features in dogs with canine cutaneous lymphoma: 10 cases (2007-2018).

To report clinical features, CT findings, treatment protocols, and outcomes for dogs in which canine cutaneous lymphoma (CCL) was diagnosed. 10 client-owned dogs with CCL. Medical records of dogs in which a diagnosis of CCL had been made between September 2007 and July 2018 and in which CT had been performed prior to treatment were reviewed. All available CT studies were reviewed, and an anatomical reference system was developed to map observed lesions. Treatment protocols and patient outcomes were summarized. 14 CT examinations were performed on the 10 dogs, and 9 dogs had lesions consistent with CCL on CT images. Nodular lesions were present in 8 dogs, and cutaneous or subcutaneous mass lesions were seen in 3. Well-defined, diffusely distributed, contrast-enhancing, cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules were most common; mass lesions were more variable in appearance. Nine dogs had lymphadenopathy, with the mandibular and axillary lymph nodes most commonly affected. Four dogs had confirmed nodal involvement, and 4 had confirmed visceral involvement. Nine dogs received treatment with chemotherapy, and 5 had a complete response. Results indicated that dogs with CCL may have a wide spectrum of CT findings. Many of these lesions, including affected lymph nodes, would be unlikely to be detected clinically, suggesting that CT may be a useful modality to assess the severity of disease and for guiding selection of local versus systemic treatment.

Spectrum of CT findings in amebic colitis.

Entamoeba histolytica is distributed throughout the world. Invasive amebiasis affects millions of people globally, and the associated complications cause 40,000-100,000 deaths per year. In countries where fecal-oral transmission is unusual, amebic colitis is not common, and the infection may be seen in travelers to and emigrants from endemic areas. Without adequate treatment, amebic colitis may develop into fulminant and become rapidly fatal. With the current increase in global mobility, amebic colitis should be suspected even in patients not in the endemic areas. CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of amebic colitis by demonstrating the presence of colitis with the typical involvement of the cecum and rectum. Pathological features of atypical involvement are also demonstrated. Since preoperative diagnosis can reduce the mortality associated with necrotizing colitis, radiologists need to recognize the typical as well as atypical CT findings of amebic colitis. Considering this requirement, this paper aims to describe the histopathologic features of amebic colitis and to illustrate the spectrum of corresponding CT findings.

THE ULTIMATE DECEIVER: A CASE OF RAPIDLY FATAL RETROPERITONEAL FASCIITIS

SESSION TITLE: Tuesday Fellows Case Report Posters SESSION TYPE: Fellow Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/22/2019 01:00 PM - 02:00 PM INTRODUCTION: Retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and rapidly fatal condition. Diabetic patients may be more susceptible to necrotizing fasciitis due to immunodeficiency associated with poor glycemic control and tissue hypoxia. Emergency Computerized Tomography scan (CT) may assist with early diagnosis. We report a case of rapidly fatal retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis in a young diabetic patient with non-specific CT findings. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old female with uncontrolled Diabetes presented to the Emergency Department (ED) complaining of right sided low back and extremity pain, fever and chills for 2 days. Physical exam exhibited sinus tachycardia, right medial thigh tenderness and multiple excoriations on extremities. Labs revealed a leukocytosis of 19.8, negative rapid group A streptococcus screen and creatine kinase (CK) of 86. Patient was discharged home after intravenous hydration. Two days later, patient returned to the ED with increased right thigh and back pain with difficulty in walking, diarrhea and global weakness. She was tachycardic and hypotensive. Physical exam revealed mild erythema and edema of the anterior thigh below the anterior inguinal ligament. Labs revealed lactic acid of 4.8, creatinine of 1.9 and CK of 20000. Throat culture grew group A streptococcus. Abdominal and pelvis CT revealed nonspecific retroperitoneal edema/fat stranding which extended to pelvis and presacral spaces. Psoas musculature was mildly prominent. Patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to shock and concern for myositis. Patient continued to have increased vasopressor requirements with bulla formation on the skin and surgery was consulted. She underwent emergency surgery with extensive intraoperative findings of necrosis involving the anterior thigh and retroperitoneum. It was determined that this was not a survivable event and surgery was aborted. She subsequently died. DISCUSSION: The incidence of retroperitoneal fasciitis remains unknown with only a few case reports/series published. Group A Streptococcal retroperitoneal fasciitis is even more limited. Diabetes is a known risk factor for necrotizing infection. This condition is often under recognized since cutaneous signs are absent initially with a resultant high mortality rate. Emergency CT can assist in the early recognition and extent of disease but surgical exploration is crucial for diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition and urgent surgical intervention with broad spectrum antibiotics remain the cornerstone in the management of retroperitoneal fasciitis. It is important to have a high index of suspicion in critically ill patients even in the absence of physical and radiographic findings. To the best of our knowledge, only a few similar cases have been reported. Reference #1: Woodburn KR, Ramsay G, Gillespie G, Miller DF. Retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis. Br J Surg 1992;79(4):342–344. Reference #2: Goh T, Goh LG, Ang CH, Wong CH. Early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Br J Surg2014;101(1):e119–e125. Reference #3: Chingkoe CM, Jahed A, Loreto MP, et al. Retroperitoneal fasciitis: Spectrum of CT findings in the abdomen and pelvis. Radiographics 2015;35:1095–1107. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Craig Brown, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Heloise Labuschagne, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Jessica Mullins, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Mitra Sahebazamani, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Adeyemi Taiwo, source=Web Response

Spectrum of CT findings in gall bladder carcinoma patients in north Indian population

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and ranks fifth amongst gastrointestinal cancers. In Asia, increased frequency of gall bladder carcinoma is seen in north Indian Females. Method: A prospective study was carried out on 60 patients of gall bladder(GB) mass who were selected from OPD and wards of the hospital. CT scan of these patients was done using Siemens Somatom Emotion 6 slice machine. Results: Among the 60 patients of GB mass included in this study, 46 patients were diagnosed as gall bladder carcinoma based on the multidetector computed tomographic findings and its correlation with histopathology. Out of 46 patients 30 were females and 16 were males. Infiltrating masses were detected in 28 patients, intraluminal polypoidal masses were detected in 10 patients while eight patients presented with mural thickening of the gall bladder wall. Conclusion: We conclude that multidetector CT is the diagnostic tool of choice in the detection of gall bladder carcinoma and extension of tumour to distant sites.

Spectrum of CT Findings in Thoracic Extranodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) frequently manifests in extranodal structures in the chest, often in the form of secondary involvement but occasionally as primary disease. Because staging and treatment are affected by the presence of extranodal disease at imaging, radiologists' interpretation and management of suspicious findings are critical to patient care. Unfortunately, owing to considerable imaging overlap with other diseases, primary extranodal lymphoma is difficult to diagnose with imaging alone. Radiologists should have a heightened degree of suspicion in patients at risk (including patients with immune compromise, autoimmune diseases, or a history of stem cell or solid organ transplant) or with particular imaging appearances (including the vertebral wraparound sign, nonresolving consolidation, an infiltrative soft-tissue mass, and lesions demonstrating vascular encasement without invasion). For patients with known NHL, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using fluorine 18 (18F)-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is now preferred for routine staging in most cases. CT remains heavily used, and identification of subtle extranodal involvement with CT can be improved with use of intravenous contrast material and careful review of multiplanar images. Pericardial effusion, pleural soft tissue (even when mild), mass-like consolidation, perilymphatic nodularity, and new lytic bone lesions are particularly suggestive of secondary involvement in a patient with known NHL. Magnetic resonance imaging is a helpful problem-solving tool when equivocal findings would change staging and treatment. This comprehensive review illustrates the spectrum of CT manifestations of extranodal NHL in the chest, including the pleura, lung, airways, heart, pericardium, esophagus, chest wall, and breast. ©RSNA, 2017.

Multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of acute aortic syndromes.

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a spectrum of conditions, which may ultimately progress to potentially life-threatening aortic rupture. This syndrome encompasses aortic dissection (AD), intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer and unstable thoracic aortic aneurysms. Multi-detector CT (MDCT) is crucial for the diagnosis of AAS, especially in the emergency setting due to its speed, accuracy and ready availability. This review attends to the value of appropriate imaging protocols in obtaining good quality images that can permit a confident diagnosis of AAS. AD is the most commonly encountered AAS and also the one with maximum potential to cause catastrophic outcome if not diagnosed and managed promptly. Hence, this review briefly addresses certain relevant clinical perspectives on this condition. Differentiating the false from the true lumen in AD is often essential; a spectrum of CT findings, e.g., "beak sign", aortic "cobwebs" that allows such differentiation have been described with explicit illustrations. The value of non enhanced CT scans, especially useful in the diagnosis of an intramural hematoma has also been illustrated. Overlap in the clinical and imaging features of the various conditions presenting as AAS is not unusual. However, on most instances MDCT enables the right diagnosis. On select occasions MRI or trans-esophageal echocardiography may be required as a problem solving tool.

Lung CT: Part 1, Mimickers of Lung Cancer???Spectrum of CT Findings With Pathologic Correlation

The purpose of this article is to describe CT findings of miscellaneous pulmonary conditions that mimic lung cancers, especially primary cancers, to improve diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. Brief descriptions of patient clinical information and pathologic findings will be included and correlated with imaging findings in actual cases. A wide variety of pulmonary conditions present imaging features that mimic those of primary lung cancers and are difficult to differentiate from cancer. Awareness of these conditions with an understanding of their pathologic background and careful attention to the clinical information will help achieve correct diagnoses.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: spectrum of CT findings with multiplanar reconstructions and 3-D imaging

This article reviews the causes, clinical presentation, and CT diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome. In conjunction with an appropriate clinical history, several CT findings can suggest the diagnosis of SMA syndrome. These findings include narrowing of the aortomesenteric angle and distance, distension of the stomach and duodenum, and dilatation of the left renal vein with left-sided venous collaterals.

Drug-induced liver injury: spectrum of multi-detector spiral CT findings

Objective To demonstrate the spectrum of multi-detector spiral CT (MSCT) findings of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Methods From May 2008 to January 2010, DILI was identified in 10 cases based on their clinical and pathological results. The spectrum of CT findings was analyzed retrospectively. Results According to the CT features, DILI were divided into three types. ( 1 ) Two cases presented diffuse hepatic injury, which appeared as homogeneous hypo-attenuation in precontrast CT scan and mild enhancement after contrast injection. The histopathological findings of the involved 1ivers include hepatocellular steatosis, neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration, punctiform necrosis and canalicular cholestasis. (2) Six cases presented focal hepatic injury, including massive wedge-shaped necrosis in 4,multiple small necroses in 1 and multiple regenerated nodules in 1. In precontrast CT scan, hepatic necroses were seen as inhomogeneous hypo-attenuation areas, which turned to hyper-attenuation after contrast injection and presented flip-flop sign between precontrast CT scan and portal venous phase scan. In the case with regenerated nodules, slight hyper-attenuation lesions were detected with diffuse distribution in liver in precontrast CT scan, which showed enhancement in hepatic arterial phase and turned to iso-attenuation in portal venous phase and equilibrium phase. The histopathological changes included massive necrosis or bridging necrosis with abundant neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in 5 cases, nodular regeneration with cholestasis and feathery degeneratin in 1 case. (3) Two cases presented liver cirrhosis. CT displayed obvious nodularity of liver, which complicated with splenomegaly, ascites and collateral veins. The histopathological changes of these two cases included punctiform necrosis, canalicular cholestasis and pseudolobular formation. Conclusion CT signs of DILl have certain characteristics, which may help in detecting and determining the severity of liver damage. Key words: Hepatic insufficiency; Drug toxicity; Tomography,X-ray computed

Spectrum of CT Findings in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Nontraumatic Acute Abdomen

The purpose of our study was to review the wide spectrum of pertinent CT findings in patients with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain in the setting of atrial fibrillation. Underlying embolic or hemorrhagic complications are common in patients with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain in the setting of atrial fibrillation and can be accurately seen on CT.

Peritoneal manifestations of parasitic infection

The purpose of this study was to describe of peritoneal manifestations of parasitic infection at CT. A broad spectrum of CT findings can be seen in the peritoneal cavity, including a varying degree of omental or mesenteric infiltration, single or multiple peritoneal mass or nodule, and peritoneal thickening or stranding. Recognition of these findings are crucial for establish an early diagnosis and helps avoid unnecessary surgery.

Metastatic angiosarcoma of the lung: spectrum of CT findings.

The purpose of our study was to summarize the CT features of pulmonary metastases in angiosarcoma in 24 patients. A variety of CT features were associated with metastatic angiosarcoma of the lung. The common CT manifestations of metastatic angiosarcoma were multiple solid nodular lesions and multiple thin-walled cysts that were often accompanied by hemorrhagic change.

Spectrum of CT findings in pediatric patients after partial liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for patients with severe liver diseases. In pediatric liver transplantation, the application of reduced-size and split-liver transplantation has expanded the donor pool. The development of living related donor partial liver transplantation has further increased the availability of donors. Complications in patients after living related transplantation include hepatic arterial thrombosis, portal venous stenosis and thrombosis, hepatic venous stenosis, biliary stenosis or leak, biloma formation, fatty liver, extrahepatic fluid collection, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, and organ rejection. Ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality for evaluation of the vascular system of patients after liver transplantation, and computed tomography is useful to help diagnose hepatic parenchymal abnormalities including infarction, congestion, and fatty change; intrahepatic biliary damage; and extrahepatic disorders, including abnormal fluid collections, varicose veins, and lymphadenopathy.

Blunt Cardiac Rupture: Value of Contrast-Enhanced Spiral CT: Case Report

Sliker, C. W. (2000). Clinical Radiology55, 805–808.

Wegener's Granulomatosis: Spectrum of CT Findings in Diagnosis, Disease Progression, and Response to Therapy

Wegener's Granulomatosis: Spectrum of CT Findings in Diagnosis, Disease Progression, and Response to Therapy

CT features of gastric lymphoma.

The gastrointestinal tract is the most frequent site of extranodal involvement by lymphoma and stomach is the most frequently involved. The incidence of gastric lymphoma appears to be rising as that of adenocarcinoma is declining. It produces a spectrum of radiologic appearances and its distinction from adenocarcinoma is difficult since their findings frequently overlap. The aim of this article is to present pictorially a spectrum of CT findings of the gastric lymphoma.

Wegener's Granulomatosis: Spectrum of CT Findings in Diagnosis, Disease Progression, and Response to Therapy

(2000). Wegener's Granulomatosis: Spectrum of CT Findings in Diagnosis, Disease Progression, and Response to Therapy. Critical Reviews in Diagnostic Imaging: Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 279-313.

Mesenteric, omental, and retroperitoneal edema in cirrhosis: frequency and spectrum of CT findings.

To determine the frequency and CT imaging spectrum of mesenteric, omental, and retroperitoneal edema in patients with cirrhosis. Eighty patients were identified with liver cirrhosis and no other cause of edema. Five radiologists jointly reviewed the abdominal CT scans of these patients to assess, by majority decision, the presence, severity, distribution, and configuration of mesenteric edema and the presence of omental and retroperitoneal edema. Subcutaneous edema, ascites, pleural effusion, splenomegaly, varices, portal venous thrombosis, and serum albumin levels were also documented. Mesenteric edema was present in 69 (86%) patients. Mesenteric edema occurred alone in 26 (38%) and with omental or retroperitoneal edema in 40 (58%) of the 69 patients with edema. No patient had omental or retroperitoneal edema alone. Mesenteric edema was mild in 51 (74%) and moderate to severe in 18 (26%), patchy in 47 (68%) and diffuse in 22 (32%), purely infiltrative in 60 (87%) and infiltrative with superimposed masslike nodules in nine (13%) patients. These parameters had significant associations among themselves and with ascites, pleural effusions, subcutaneous edema, and low mean serum albumin levels but not with splenomegaly or varices. Mesenteric, omental, and retroperitoneal edema occur commonly in patients with cirrhosis. The appearance of mesenteric edema varies from a mild infiltrative haze to a severe masslike sheath that engulfs the mesenteric vessels.

Complications of acute pancreatitis: helical CT evaluation

Acute pancreatitis represents one of the more commonly encountered etiologies of acute abdominal pain. Many complications can present emergently, including pancreatic abscess, necrosis, and hemorrhage. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to educate the reader about the spectrum of CT findings in patients with complications from pancreatitis. Emphasis is placed on evaluation with helical CT, stressing optimal technique and the imaging parameters essential for accurate diagnosis.