Spectrophotometric Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide Research Articles

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in water with peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of potassium iodide and its applications to hydroxylamine-involved Fenton and Fenton-like systems

A spectrophotometric method for the rapid measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solutions was developed in this study. This method is based on a reaction catalyzed by peroxidase (POD) in which potassium iodide (KI) is oxidized to generate the stable yellow-colored I3− within 15 s. The absorbance of the generated I3− at both 350 nm and 400 nm had good linear relationships with H2O2 concentration in the range of 0–70 μM (R2 > 0.999) with sensitivities of 2.34 × 104 M−1 cm−1 and 5.30 × 103 M−1 cm−1 respectively. Meanwhile, through calculation, the detection limits of the proposed POD-KI method at 350 nm and 400 nm were 0.09 μM and 0.33 μM, respectively. Even when the concentration of H2O2 was up to 350 μM, the absorbance of the generated I3− at 350 nm did not decrease observably. The generated I3− was found to be stable enough in ultrapure water, underground water, reservoir water and samples containing the strong reducing agent hydroxylamine. Moreover, the proposed POD-KI method was successfully used to analyze trace H2O2 in rainwater, and to monitor the change of H2O2 concentration in the Fenton, hydroxylamine/Fenton and hydroxylamine/Cu(II)/H2O2 systems. Overall, the POD-KI method could be adopted as a candidate method to determine H2O2 in Fenton and Fenton-like systems, and especially in those involving hydroxylamine.

Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in water by oxidative coloration of ABTS via Fenton reaction.

In this study, a sensitive and low-cost multi-wavelength spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water was established. The method was based on the oxidative coloration of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) via Fenton reaction, which resulted in the formation of green radical (ABTS•+) with absorbance at four different wavelengths (i.e., 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm, and 820 nm). Under the optimized conditions (CABTS = 2.0 mM, CFe2+ = 1.0 mM, pH = 2.60 ± 0.02, and reaction time (t) = 1 min), the absorbance of the generated ABTS•+ at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm, and 820 nm were well linear with H2O2 concentrations in the range of 0-40 μM (R2 > 0.999) and the sensitivities of the proposed Fenton-ABTS method were calculated as 4.19 × 104 M-1 cm-1,1.73 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 2.18 × 104 M-1 cm-1, and 1.96 × 104 M-1 cm-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection limits of the Fenton-ABTS method at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm, and 820 nm were respectively calculated to be 0.18 μM, 0.12 μM, 0.10 μM, and 0.11 μM. The absorbance of the generated ABTS•+ in ultrapure water, underground water, and reservoir water was quite stable within 30 min. Moreover, the proposed Fenton-ABTS method could be used for monitoring the variations of H2O2 concentration during the oxidative decolorization of RhB in alkali-activated H2O2 system.

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in water by oxidative decolorization of azo dyes using Fenton system.

In this study, based on the oxidative decolorization of three azo dyes (Orange G (OG), Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5)) with hydroxyl radicals generated in Fenton system, we have successfully established three types of azo dyes spectrophotometric methods for measuring aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. The decolorization extent of OG, AO7 and RB5 at the corresponding characteristic wavelengths of 478 nm, 484 nm and 597 nm are proportion to the concentration of H2O2 in aqueous solutions. Under the selected reaction conditions, three well linear correlations between the depletion of azo dyes and the H2O2 concentration are established in the range of 0.45-175 μmol L-1 of OG, 0.36-120 μmol L-1 of AO7 and 0.44-175 μmol L-1 of RB5, respectively. These proposed spectrophotometric methods are enough accurate to measure low concentrations of H2O2 in practical water samples and monitor the variations of H2O2 concentration during the phenol degradation in the Cu(II)/HCO3-/H2O2 process.

Potentialities of differently-stabilized silver nanoparticles for spectrophotometric determination of peroxides

One of the possible ways for using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in spectrophotometry is their application for the determination of oxidizing agents, based on oxidative destruction of these nanoobjects. This process depends on the structure of AgNPs surface layer, which is essentially affected by the chosen stabilizer. To assess influence of the nanoparticle stabilizer and the nature of the analyte, possibilities of AgNPs covered with stabilizers of three types (citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyhexamethylene guanidinium) for the spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide and differently substituted organic peroxides were studied. The approach is based on AgNPs oxidation leading to discoloration of the solution monitored spectrophotometrically. Different selectivity of the oxidation depending on the stabilizer was shown. Effects of various factors (time of interaction, pH, concentration of AgNPs) on the oxidation and analytical performance of the procedure were investigated. The method allows for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, and t-butylhydroperoxide in the range of 0.3–1.5, 0.1–0.8, 1.0–7.5, and 1–7 μg mL−1 and with the limits of detection of 0.1, 0.04, 0.3, and 0.3 μg mL−1, respectively. The analysis can be performed using either spectrophotometry or naked-eye detection.

Solid-phase spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide

Solid-phase spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide

Silica–Titania Sol–Gel Materials: Synthesis and Analytical Applications

Data on the synthesis of silica–titania sol–gel materials and their analytical applications as new sensor materials obtained by the author are generalized. The methods of the synthesis of silica–titania xerogels with specified textural characteristics are considered. Data on heterogeneous complexation and redox reactions with the participation of silica–titania xerogels are reported. The new sensor materials based on silica–titania xerogels were used for the development of procedures for the solid-phase spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, salicylic acid derivatives, and fluoride and oxalate ions and for the test determination of hydrogen peroxide and propyl gallate. The results of the application of the developed procedures to the analysis of food, pharmaceutical preparations, hygienic products, and biological liquids are given.

Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in water with peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of ABTS

In this study, a new spectrophotometric method was proposed for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solutions. The method was based on the peroxidase (POD)-catalyzed reaction in which 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was oxidized to form the stable green radical (ABTS+). The generated ABTS+ could be determined spectrophotometrically. The absorbance of the generated ABTS+ at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were linear with H2O2 concentrations in the range of 0–40 μM. The sensitivities of the proposed ABTS method for H2O2 determination at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were 6.29 × 104 M−1 cm−1, 2.00 × 104 M−1 cm−1, 2.54 × 104 M−1 cm−1 and 1.89 × 104 M−1 cm−1, respectively. The oxidation of ABTS to generate ABTS+ in POD-catalyzed H2O2 system at pH 6.0 was so fast that the determination time of the ABTS method was as short as 0.5 min. The stoichiometry of the reaction of H2O2 and ABTS in the presence of POD was calculated as nearly 1:2 (1:1.92). The residual absorbance of the generated ABTS+ was also found to be stable within 30 min in natural waters. Low H2O2 concentration in rainwater could be both measured by the ABTS method and the DPD method with high accuracy, however, H2O2 concentration in wastewater contained rhodamine B could only be accurately measured with the ABTS method at 732 nm. Moreover, waste solutions after H2O2 analysis with the proposed ABTS method were non-hazardous towards E. coli.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide, Glucose, Uric Acid, and Cholesterol Using Peroxidase-like Activity of an Fe(III) Complex of Thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate Attached to an Anion-exchanger

An iron(III) complex of thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate attached to an anion-exchanger (Fe(3+)-TCASA-500) showed high peroxidase-like catalytic activity at pH 5 - 8 for the formation of quinoid dye, following the color reaction between 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and N-ethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)aniline (ALPS) in the presence of H2O2. This catalytic activity of Fe(3+)-TCASA-500 for the MBTH-ALPS system was applied for the spectrophotometric determination of H2O2, glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range from 1.0 to 15 μg of H2O2 in a 1.0-mL sample solution, and from 5.0 to 60 μg of glucose, 2.0 to 30 μg of uric acid, and 11.6 to 116 μg of cholesterol in a 0.5-mL sample solution. The apparent molar absorptivity of H2O2 was determined as 2.31 × 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1), which was about 70% of that by peroxidase under the same conditions. The determination method using Fe(3+)-TCASA-500 was applied for the determination of glucose and uric acid in both control sera I and II.

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide with osmium(VIII) and m-carboxyphenylfluorone

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide was accomplished with osmium(VIII) and m-carboxyphenylfluorone (MCPF) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). In the determination of hydrogen peroxide based on the fading of the color of osmium(VIII)-MCPF complex, Beer’s law was obeyed in the range 20–406ngmL−1, with an effective molar absorption coefficient (at 580nm) of 5.21×104Lmol−1cm−1 and a relative standard deviation of 0.33% (n=6). Further, we performed the characterization of MCPF and obtained the crystal structure.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Fading of Tribromoarsenazo Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Hemoglobin

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Fading of Tribromoarsenazo Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Hemoglobin

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Leucocrystal Violet in Micellar Medium

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, based on the increase in color intensity of dye on addition of surfactant, is described. Hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with potassium iodide in acidic medium, in presence of ammonium molybdate to liberate iodine. The liberated iodine oxidizes leucocrystal violet to crystal violet having maximum absorbance at 593 nm. The color of the dye intensifies with the addition of the surfactant, cetyl pyridinium chloride though the absorption maximum remains the same. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.05–0.45 µg of hydrogen peroxide per 25 mL of final solution (0.002–0.018 µg mL−1) with an excellent correlation coefficient (r = 0.9977). The proposed method has been successfully applied for the analysis of hydrogen peroxide in various food products and rainwater.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Water and Cream Samples

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of hydrogen peroxide using toluidine blue as a reagent. The proposed method is based on the liberation of iodine in acidic medium equivalent to the amount of hydrogen peroxide present. The liberated iodine bleaches the blue color of toluidine blue and is measured at 628 nm. The decrease in absorbance is directly proportional to hydrogen peroxide concentration and obeys Beer's law in the range 0.2 x 10(-6) -14 x 10(-6) mol L(-1). The molar absorptivity, sandel's sensitivity, detection limit and quantitation limit of the method were found to be 1.82 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1), 2.01 x 10(-9) mol L(-1), 1.41 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) and 4.28 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) respectively. The results of analysis of the proposed method are compared favorably with those from a reference method.

Prooxidant action of rosmarinic acid: Transition metal-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species

Rosmarinic acid and its constituent caffeic acid produced reactive oxygen species in the presence of transition metals. Complex of rosmarinic acid or caffeic acid with iron inactivated aconitase the most sensitive enzyme to oxidative stress. The inactivation of aconitase was iron-dependent, and prevented by TEMPOL, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that the rosmarinic acid/iron-mediated generation of superoxide anion is responsible for the inactivation of aconitase. Direct spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion confirmed the rosmarinic acid/iron-dependent production of reactive oxygen species. Treatment of DNA from plasmid pBR322 and calf thymus with rosmarinic acid plus copper caused strand scission and formed 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in DNA. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid showed a potent activity that reduces transition metals. These results suggest that transition metals reduced by rosmarinic acid can form superoxide radical by one electron reduction of oxygen molecule: superoxide radical in turn converts to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical causing the formation of DNA base adduct. Cytotoxicity of rosmarinic acid may be related to the prooxidant action resulting from metal-reducing activity.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide by a Hydroquinone-Aniline System Catalyzed by Molybdate

to give solutions with pH 6.7, 7.0, 7.6. Buffersolutions in the pH 3-6 range were prepared using varyingratios of solutions of 0.2 mol/L NaOH and 0.2 mol/L aceticacid. Standard buffer solutions of pH 4.0 and 9.2 weresupplied by BDH chemicals.Apparatus. Absorption spectra were measured using UV-VIS spectrophotometer (PYE Unican, U K) on a 10 mm cell.A digital pH meter equipped with a combined glass-calomelelectrode was used fo r pH measurements.Procedure: Determination of H

Determination of hydrogen peroxide by iron(III) complex of thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate on a modified ion-exchanger with peroxidase-like catalytic activity.

An iron(III) complex of thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate on a modified anion-exchanger (Fe3+-TCAS(A-500)) has shown high peroxidase-like activity at pH 5 - 6 for the reaction of quinoid-dye formation between 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone and N-(3-sulfopropyl)aniline in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Utilizing the peroxidase-like activity of Fe3+-TCAS(A-500) for this reaction, a method using Fe3+-TCAS(A-500) was applied for the spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. The calibration curve by the method using Fe3+-TCAS(A-500) was linear over the range from 1 to 10 microg of hydrogen peroxide in a 1 ml sample solution. The apparent molar absorptivity for hydrogen peroxide was 2.4 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1). which was about 80% of that by peroxidase under the same conditions. This determination method of hydrogen peroxide using Fe3+-TCAS(A-500) was applied for the determination of glucose in diluted normal and abnormal control serum I and II.

Stopped-flow spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide with hemoglobin as catalyst

A rapid and sensitive method was proposed for the determination of hydrogen peroxide based on the catalytic effect of hemoglobin using o-phenylenediamine as the substrate. Stopped-flow spectrophotometric method was used to study the kinetic behavior of the oxidation reaction. The catalytic effectiveness of hemoglobin was compared with other four kinds of catalysts. The initial rate of the formation of the reaction product 2,3-diaminophenazine at the wavelength of 425 nm was monitored, permitting a detection limit of 9.2×10 −9 mol/l H 2O 2. A linear calibration graph was obtained over the H 2O 2 concentration range 5.0×10 −8–3.5×10 −6 mol/l, and the relative standard deviation at a H 2O 2 concentration of 5.0×10 −7 mol/l was 2.08%. Satisfied results were obtained in the determination of H 2O 2 in real samples by this method.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using β-CD-Hemin as a Mimetic Enzyme of Peroxidase

Various mimetic enzymes have been systematically studied concerning the color reaction for hydrogen peroxide oxidizing 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) to yield a dye. The results have shown that β-CD-hemin is the best mimetic enzyme for peroxidase among those tested, and that DEA is a quite good substrate for β-CD-hemin. Meanwhile, the chromogenic reaction rate and sensitivity of 4-AAP-DEA-β-CD-hemin system for determination of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. Zero to 8.4×10-5 M hydrogen peroxide was determined with good accuracy and reproducibility. The molar-absorption coefficient of the chromogenic compound for hydrogen peroxide determined was found to be 1.65×104 mol l-1 cm-1.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Based on Hemin Peroxidase-Like Catalyzed Oxidation of Bromopyrogallol Red

In an ammonium buffer medium at pH 8.9-9.5, hemin exhibits mimetic peroxidase activity, and has a catalytic effect on the oxidative decoloration of bromopyrogallol red (BPR) with hydrogen perox- ide. On this basis and in presence of ethanol as an effect-enhancing agent, a spectrophotometric determi- nation of hydrogen peroxide is described with an apparent molar absorptivity of 4.0010 4 lm ol ˇ1 cm ˇ1 and a linear range from 3.210 ˇ7 to 3.210 ˇ5 mol l ˇ1 . BPR has advantages over some of widely used chro- mogenic substrates in aspects of sensitivity, simplicity and detection wavelength, while hemin has better stability than peroxidase. The system can be easily coupled with a glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction, and glucose in the concentration range of 6.010 ˇ7 ˇ 3.210 ˇ5 mol l ˇ1 is spectrophotometrically deter- mined. The method has been applied to the analyses of synthetic water and human serum samples. The Michaelis parameters and the mechanism of the mimetic peroxidase reaction are also investigated.

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in rainwater

Hydrogen peroxide in rainwater has been determined from the measurement of absorption at 432 nm after the formation of the stable oxo-peroxo-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylatovanadate(V) complex (OPDV) in acid media. Determinations were in good agreement with those using a modified p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA) emission method. The linear range for the OPDV method is from 0.05 to 50 ppm H 2O 2, and the limit of detection under the analytical conditions employed was 5.8 nmol H 2O 2 for a 20 cm 3 rainwater sample. The volume weighted mean H 2O 2 concentration in rainwater collected at roof-top level in central Kowloon was 15.9 μM ( N=10), and the ratio of non-sea salt sulphate and H 2O 2 concentrations was significantly correlated with pH. The OPDV absorption method was also employed for the determination of ambient gaseous H 2O 2, and liquid-nitrogen cold-trap collection gave results about 30% lower than impinger sampling, where artifact H 2O 2 formation occurred.

Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide using a crude extract of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) as a source of peroxidase

A flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric procedure is presented for determining hydrogen peroxide for pharmaceutical use and in swimming pool water samples. Crude extracts of several vegetables such as peach, yam, manioc, artichoke, sweet potato, turnip, horseradish and zucchini were investigated as the source of peroxidase (donor: hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, POD; EC 1.11.1.7). Of these, a zucchini crude extract was found to give highest specific activity and was used directly as the carrier solution. This enzyme catalyses the oxidation of guaiacol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to tetraguaiacol, which shows strong absorbance at 470 nm. For the optimum extraction conditions found, the peroxidase activity in the crude extract did not vary for at least 5 months when stored at 4 °C and decreased by only 2–3% during an 8 h working period at 25 °C. The recovery of hydrogen peroxide from two samples ranged from 97.8 to 103.0% and a rectilinear calibration curve for hydrogen peroxide concentration from 1.6 × 10–5 to 6.6 × 10–4 mol l–1 was obtained. A detection limit of 2.1 × 10–6 mol l–1 and a sample throughput of 32 h–1 were attained. The relative standard deviations were <0.2% for hydrogen peroxide solutions containing 2.0 × 10–4 and 4.0 × 10–4 mol l–1 (n = 10) and a paired t-test showed that all results obtained for water samples using this FI procedure and permanganate titration agreed at the 95% confidence level.