Spectrophotometric Determination Of Copper Research Articles

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) in Soil in the Form of a Pyrogallol Red Complex in the Presence of Surfactants

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) in Soil in the Form of a Pyrogallol Red Complex in the Presence of Surfactants

Physico-analytical studies on some heterocyclic azo dyes and their metal complexes with some transition metals

In this investigation, the azo dyes; 2-(3′-phenyl-5′-pyrazolyl azo) schaffer acid (la) and 2-(3′-phenyl-5′-pyrazolyl azo) resorcinol (Ib); were prepared through diazotizing 3-phenyl-5-aminopyrazole (PAP) and coupling the resulting diazonium salt with Schäffer acid and resorcinol respectively. The prepared azo dyes are characterized using both IR spectra and the elemental analysis (C, H, N and S). The prepared azo dyes are used as chromogenic reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of copper (II), nickel (II), cobalt (II) and zinc (II) ions. The conditional acid dissociation constants of these azo dyes (la and Ib) and the stability constants of its metal ion complexes have been determined by spectro-analytical methods. The effect of pH, time, organic solvent and the foreign ions on the spectrophotometric determination of these ions and their complexes with the azo dyes under study were studied. The stoichiometric ratio (M:L) of the formed complexes was also determined. The molar absorptivity, the Sandell's sensitivity values, the obeyance of Beers law and the stability constants of the formed complexes have been also determined and discussed.

Design and optimization of sensitive analytical spectrophotometric method for micro determination of copper(II) from e-waste by using of novel chromogenic extractant

In this article, a novel spectrophotometric reagent 1-(pyrimidine)-4, 4, 6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiol [PTPT] has been synthesized for liquid–liquid extraction and spectrophotometric determination of copper(II). The as-synthesized ligand has been selectively forms stable complex with copper(II) in basic medium (pH 9.0), in presence of mild pyridine the extraction and color stability has found to be synergistically enhanced. The equilibrium time is 10 min for effective extraction of copper(II) from organic phase and absorbance of colored organic complex in carbon tetrachloride is measured spectrophotometrically at λmax 615 nm against reagent blank. The ternary complex of Cu(II)-PTPT-Py having molar ratio 1:2:2 (M:L:Py) showed green colored complex. The main factors influencing the achievement of synergistic extraction; i.e. pH, ligand concentration, type and volume of the dispersive organic solvents, equilibrium time, synergent concentration and foreign ions were investigated.The Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 1–20 μg mL−1 of copper(II) and optimum concentration range is evaluated by Ringbom’s plot and it is found that 2.5–25 μg mL−1. In presence of pyridine, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of copper(II)-PTPT complex is 2.80 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.226 μg cm−2, respectively and in absence of pyridine, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of copper(II)-PTPT complex is 1.35 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.469 μg cm−2, respectively. The stoichiometry of the copper(II)-PTPT-pyridine complex was calculated by slope ratio method, mole ratio method and Job’s method of continuous variation and it has been found as 1:2:2. No significant effects of potentially interfering species i.e. cations and anions were observed. The optimized method was applied for the determination of copper(II) in binary, synthetic mixtures and successfully applied for determination of copper(II) from e-waste samples. The standard deviation (R.S.D.) is 0.11% for n = 5 repetition. The reliability of the developed method is confirmed by comparison of experimental results with atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiocarbohydrazone: a novel reagent for liquid-liquid extractive spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) from environmental and real samples

ABSTRACT 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde thiocarbohydrazone (2-CBTCH) is proved as a novel analytical chelating reagent to developa simple, fast and selective liquid–liquid extractive spectrophotometric method for trace level determination of copper(II). The method was based upon the complexation reaction of copper(II) with 2-CBTCH in ethanol. It instantly forms orange coloured [Cu(II)-2 CBTCH] complex at room temperature, which was quantitatively extracted in 1-butanol and shows maximum absorption at 470 nm. The values of molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of [Cu(II)-2CBTCH] complex are found to be 0.3429 × 104 Lmol−1 cm−1 and 0.01851 µgcm−2, respectively. The system follows Beer’s law up to 17.5 µgmL−1. The stoichiometry of the [Cu(II)-2CBTCH] complex in 1-butanol is determined by Job’s method, mole ratio method is 1:2 and was confirmed by log-log plot method. To intuit the peak extraction conditions several experimental factors such as pH, reagent concentration, selection of solvent, shaking time, interference of cations and anions has been studiedwell. The usage of masking agent lifts the selectivity of the present method. The method has been effectively used for the determination of copper(II) in alloy samples, pharmaceutical samples, fertiliser samples and environmental samples such as leafy vegetables and water samples.

Removal of Copper from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or Acid Rock Drainage (ARD)

Acid mine drainage is wastewater from a mine having a low pH and an elevated level of dissolved heavy metals. These metals are harmful to aquatic, animal and human life. This paper looks at the removal of copper from acid mine drainage using ion exchange to less than 1 mg/l. A weak acidic cation resin was used. Spectrophotometric determination of copper with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was used to determine the copper concentrations in the treated water. Using regression analysis, the experimental results gave a correlation coefficient of 0.977 and a coefficient of determination of 99.5%. Results indicated that the higher the flows rate the shorter the period after which the copper concentration in the treated water reaches 1 mg/l. At pH 3.85 and 5.09, the resin performed better and at pH above 6.62 and between pH 3.0 and below the resin’s does not perform well. The higher the resin height the greater is the resin exchange capacity and the longer it takes for the copper concentration to reach 1 mg/l in the treated water. The higher the wastewater copper concentration the shorter the time it takes the resin to reach 1 mg/l. The results for this experiment indicated that acid mine drainage can be treated well by ion exchange resins, but it is also very important to establish suitable operating conditions.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper and Nickel in Marine Brown Algae after Preconcentration with Surfactant Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

A simple, fast and effective pre-concentration method for the determination of Cu (copper) and Ni (nickel) was developed using a Surfactant Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (SA-DLLME) coupled by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in marine brown algae. The complexing agent was 1- (2- pyridylazo) – 2 - naphthol (PAN).The effects of various experimental parameters in the extraction step including type and volume of extraction solvent, type and amount of surfactant, ionic strength, extraction time, pH, amount of ligand, and centrifugation time and rate were investigated. Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 0.1-100.0 µg/Lfor analytes by limits of detection of 0.031 and 0.033 µg/Lfor Ni and Cu, respectively. The proposed procedure was used for the analysis of Ni and Cu in marine brown algae. Good recoveries for spiked samples in the range of 100-118 % were obtained. Using this technique, metals content in algae from Chabahar Bay (Southeast Iran) were detected in the range of 12.80- 39.46 µg/L

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) in Water based on Fluorescein Diacetate

Two novel methods for spectrophotometric determination of Cu2+ ion using synthesized and characterized furfuraldehyde fluorescein diacetate hydrazone (FFDH) and furfuraldehyde fluorescein hydrazone (FFH) have been proposed. Addition of Cu2+ to FFDH and FFH solutions results in a rapid color change from colorless to dark yellow. Experimental results show that FFH and FFDH both can provide a rapid, selective and sensitive response to Cu2+ within a linear dynamic range of 7–33 µM and the detection limits of 1.1 × 10–7 and 7 × 10–8 M, respectively. Apparently, the detection limit of FFDH is lower than that of FFH, which indicates that FFDH forms a more stable complex with Cu2+. In addition, the detection of Cu2+ in water samples was also studied; as a result, the developed FFDH was found to be more applicable than FFH for spectrophotometric determination of Cu2+ in environmental water samples. Particularly, as a lipid chemical compound, FFDH may be transported across the cell membrane to detect Cu2+ in vivo. It is of great significance in many fields, such as biology, biochemistry, medicine and environment.

Coupling liquid membrane and flow-injection technique as an analytical strategy for copper analysis in saline water

A tandem system based on the coupling of a bulk liquid membrane and a flow injection analysis for the separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of copper in saline water is presented. The ligand pyridine-2-acetaldehyde benzoylhydrazone has been used as a carrier in the liquid membrane as well as a spectrophotometric reagent for UV–VIS detection. Simultaneous and sequential experimental designs were used to optimise the chosen variables of each technique, respectively. The metal was separated and preconcentrated from the sample with an efficiency of 100.5 ± 0.9% and a metal preconcentration factor of 16.1. The on-line FIA determination was accomplished after metal complexation by the reagent at pH 3. A linear response was obtained in a range from 6.9 to 984.5 µg L–1 Cu(II), providing a detection limit of 1.8 µg L–1. Saline matrix and other metal ions were not cause of interferences with relative errors below 4.6% for 50 µg L−1 of Cu(II) determination. The proposed tandem system was successfully tested using a TMDA-62 certified reference material providing a relative error of + 1.9%; it was also applied to the Cu(II) determination in coastal seawater samples with low relative errors ranging from − 3.8% to 0.0% (using DPASV as reference method).

Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper and Nickel in some Medicinal PlantsafterCloud Point Extraction

In this work,Cloud point extraction (CPE) methodology as an one green chemistry method is used for extraction, enrichment and determination ofNi (II) and Cu (II) in the somemedicinal plants,by use organic reagent2-[ (6-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolyl)azo]-4-Chloro Phenol (6-MeBTAClP) for formationthe extracted complexes into micelles of Triton X-114 as a mediated extractant at65,70 C0 respectively. The extracted product in densityhigh (cloud point layer )is separated from the aqueous layer by centrifugation for 15 min and dissolved in 0.5 mLfrom ethanol followed the determination of Ni (II) and Cu (II)by using spectrophotometry at a wavelength maximum of 644 and 598 nm respectively. The optimum conditions established as pH, The linear range of Ni (II) and Cu (II)along with limit of detection,precision expressed as relative standard deviation for seven replication measurements and the recovery range were obtained for Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions,respectively. The complex s identified by UV-Visible and IR spectra. The mole ratio method and continuous variation method (Job’s method)also investigated.

Novel cyclic voltammetry behavior of 3-((benzothiazol-2- diazenylnaphthalene-2,7-diol and use it for spectrophotometric determination of copper (II )in honey sample

The azo reagent 3-((benzothiazol-2-diazenylnaphthalene-2,7-diol] was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR ,1H-NMRand 13CNMR spectral techniques. The electrochemical behavior of the azo reagent and its complex with Cu (II) has beenstudied at glassy carbon disk GCE electrode in different supporting electrolyte at concentration (1M) and scan rate(100mv.s-1). Spectrophotometric determination of copper (II ) is based on the formation of a 2:1 complex with abovereagent. The complex has λmax at(588) nm and Ԑmax of( 1.436x104)L.mol-1.cm-1 .A linear correlation (0.1 – 3.0 μg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration . The effect of diverseions on the determination of copper (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied . The stabilityconstant of the product was (1.1x108 ) . The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of honey sample .

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) in Sugarcane Spirit Using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and a Homogeneous Ternary Mixture of the Solvents Water, Ethanol and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Uma nova tecnica analitica rapida, barata e sensivel e descrita para a determinacao espectrofotometrica de ions cobre(II) em aguardente de cana-de-acucar, empregando o agente complexante 1-(2-piridilazo)-2-naftol (PAN). Sistemas ternarios homogeneos de solventes, comumente denominados de solucao fase unica, podem ser utilizados como alternativa para pre-concentracao de amostras. Por tal razao, empregou-se uma mistura dos solventes agua-etanol-metilisobutilcetona (MIC), na proporcao 5,0:5,0:2,5 v/v respectivamente. A maxima formacao do complexo bis[1-(2-piridilazo)-2-naftalato]cobre(II) ( Cu(PAN) 2 ) ocorreu com 0,01% m/v de PAN em MIC, pH de 4,50 da fracao aquosa, 15 minutos de tempo de reacao e 20 °C de temperatura. Foi verificado que os ions ferro(III) e niquel(II) interferiram na reacao. Acido malonico a uma concentracao de 0,10% m/v foi, portanto utilizado como agente mascarante, na qual reduziu a magnitude dos efeitos de interfrencia de 10,4% para aproximadamente 2,6%. Nas condicoes otimizadas de determinacao de cobre(II), a curva analitica obtida pode ser descrita por: ?Abs = 0,152 C Cu(II) + 0,011 (r 2 = 0,9997). A linearidade foi obtida ate uma concentracao de 8,00 mg L -1 de cobre(II), e limite de deteccao e de quantificacao (calculados usando o desvio padrao do branco) foram 0,02 mg L -1 e 0,13 mg L -1 de cobre(II), respectivamente, na fracao aquosa da solucao fase unica. O metodo foi aplicado para determinar ions cobre(II) em amostras comerciais de aguardente de cana-de-acucar. Os resultados obtidos pelo metodo proposto foram estatisticamente iguais com os obtidos pelo metodo padrao. DOI: 10.5935/1984-6835.20160052

Spectrophotometric determination of copper(I) with molybdenum(VI) as a chromogen by molybdenum blue method

Spectrophotometric determination of copper(I) with molybdenum(VI) as a chromogen by molybdenum blue method

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) in blood serum sample using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as the complexing agent

 A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) process based on the complexation reaction of Cu(II) with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of various experimental parameters in the extraction such as, dispersive solvent, extracting solvent, the volume of extraction and disperser solvent, pH of the aqueous solution, ionic strength and extraction time were optimized using one variable at a time method, and the analytical charactristics of the method were obtained. Under the optimum conditions the calibration graph was linear over the range 0.01 to 0.1 μg mL-1 of Cu(II) ion with a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 8.6 × 10-3 μg mL-1. Relative standard deviation (RSD) for 7 replicate determinations of 0.08 μg mL-1 Cu(II) was 3.3%. In this work, the concentration factor of 20 and also the improvement factor of 33 were reached. The interference effect of some anions and cations was also tested. The extraction method has been successfully applied to the determination of copper in human blood serum sample.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) Using 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol in Micellar Solution of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II) Using 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol in Micellar Solution of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide

Synthesis of the New 2-[6-Nitro 2-Benzothiazolylazo]-4-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid Organic Reagent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper(II)

A new 2-[6-Nitro-2-benzothiazolylazo]-4-hydroxy benzoic acid (NO2BTAHB) organic reagent was synthesized. A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was proposed for the rapid determination of Cu(II) using (NO2BTAHB) reagent. The reaction between Cu(II) and (NO2BTAHB) reagent is instantaneous at pH=6.0 and the absorbance remains stable for over 24 hrs. The Method allows for the determination of Cu(II) over the range (0.1-6.0) μg.ml-1, with molar absorptivity of (7.45 × 10+3)l.mol-1.cm-1 and a detection limit of 0.0245 μg.ml-1. Recovery and relative error values of precision and accuracy of method were found to be R.S.D=1.7%, Re=98.6%, and Erel=-1.4%. The properties of complex was studied and show; (M:R) ratio was 1:2 at pH=6.0, and the stability constant of 7.796 × 10+9 L2.mol-2. The interferences of ions (Ni2+, CrO2-, Ca2+, pb2+, Cu+2, WO4 -2, MO4 -2, Co2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Bi3+) and masking agents effect on absorbance were studied.

Optimization of an analytical method for the spectrophotometric determination of copper in tea and water samples after ultrasonic assisted cloud point extraction using a benzothiazole fluorescein derivative complexing agent

BTF is exists with spirolactone species with adding Cu2+, which leads to the absorbance intensity is decreased gradually and the decrease of the absorbance value is linear for Cu2+.

With Solvent Extraction Method, and via new Organic Reagent 2-(Benzo thiazolyl azo)-4,5- Diphenyl Imidazole for Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper (II) in different Samples

The new organic reagent 2-[Benzo thiazolyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole was prepared and used as complexing agent for separation and spectrophotometric determination of Cu2+ ion in some samples include plants, soil, water and human blood serum. Initially determined all factors effect on extraction method and the results show optimum pH was (pHex=9), optimum concentration was 40?g/5mLCu2+ and optimum shaking time was (15min.), as well stoichiometry study appears the complex structure was 1:1 Cu2+: BTADPI. Interferences effect of cations were studied. Synergism effect shows MIBK gave increasing in distribution ratio (D). Organic solvent effect appears there is no any linear relation between dielectric constant for organic solvent used and distribution ration (D). Thermodynamically found the reaction was Endothermic reaction, with ?Hex= 0.0131 KJ.mole-1,?Gex=-54.20 KJ.mole-1 ,?Sex= 167.84 J.mole-1.Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration 1-30?g/5mL, and ?=922.90 Lmol-1.cm-1,with detection limit 1.7×10-5and Sandell’s sensitivity 6.8× 10-7 gcm-2.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as Copper Piperazine

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Cu(II) in the trace quantities was developed by using piperazine as ligand in ammonium acetate medium. The Procedure developed was applied for the estimation Cu(II) in microgram quantities in the samples of alloys and the method was found to be simple, rapid and comparable to routine analytical methods for trace level analysis of metal ions in environmental samples in any laboratory where sophisticated and expensive instruments are not available. UV visible spectrophotometer is cost effective and available in almost all laboratories. The complexes of piperazine in aqueous solutions are not reported so far and this is the first attempt in this area of spectrophotometric analysis.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as Copper Piperazine

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Cu(II) in the trace quantities was developed by using piperazine as ligand in ammonium acetate medium. The Procedure developed was applied for the estimation Cu(II) in microgram quantities in the samples of alloys and the method was found to be simple, rapid and comparable to routine analytical methods for trace level analysis of metal ions in environmental samples in any laboratory where sophisticated and expensive instruments are not available. UV visible spectrophotometer is cost effective and available in almost all laboratories. The complexes of piperazine in aqueous solutions are not reported so far and this is the first attempt in this area of spectrophotometric analysis.

Spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) in pharmaceutical, biological and water samples by 4-(2′-benzothiazolylazo)-salicylic acid

A highly sensitive method is proposed to determine copper(II) ions by forming a stable complex through their interaction with 4-(2′-benzothiazolylazo)-salicylic acid (BTAS) at room temperature and pH of about 5.0. The complex gave a maximum absorption at λ = 485 nm with a molar absorptivity coefficient of 2.35·104 l/(mol·cm). The linear range for the copper determination is 0.63–5.04 mg/l. The method can be applied to determine copper ions in different biological specimens like some drugs and water samples.