Specific Techniques Research Articles

Collective expansion of provenance research and institutional capacity to promote and sustain peace

Strong institutions contribute greatly to peace and its promotion, as the U.N. Sustainable Development Goal 16 vividly recognizes. Institutional capacity for supporting peace initiatives from the local to the global levels is built by promoting a culture of accountability and transparency, especially through effective recordkeeping about heritage objects under their care. Such capacity can also be tested during a crisis response, involving urgent and collaborative work alongside judiciary and law enforcement agencies, to address any displacement of artifacts from their country of origin. UNESCO marked the European Year of Cultural Heritage and the early 50th anniversary of its 1970 Convention by publishing a toolkit that relays core concepts of provenance alongside practical tools available for tracking stolen art, special investigative techniques, and essential knowledge of deterioration agents and preservation. We see the 2018 toolkit and its active usage in a well-attended 2023 workshop as a form of peace work. Archivists can continue to train soldiers on the rescue and recovery of perilous artworks, monuments, historic sites, and informational archives – in non-traditional settings prioritizing rapid recognition and communication of all of the assembled available evidence. We integrate data gathered both from asking professional archivists how they research and communicate provenance information and from job ads mentioning provenance and how archivists are expected to research it today, to encourage new provenance research efforts that promote peace by protecting heritage for community enjoyment.

Freeman Scholar Lecture (2021) - Sharp-Interface Immersed Boundary Methods in Fluid Dynamics

Abstract Immersed boundary methods have evolved over the past 50 years from a specialized technique in biofluid dynamics and applied mathematics to a cornerstone of computational fluid dynamics. Many recent advancements in immersed boundary methods have centered on sharp-interface immersed boundary methods, which offer enhanced accuracy and fidelity for flow simulations. This paper outlines the key principles that have driven our own efforts in the development of sharp-interface immersed boundary methods over the past twenty-five years. We also highlight the power and versatility of these methods by showcasing a range of applications, spanning biolocomotion (i.e. swimming and flying), physiological flows, compressible aerodynamics, fluid-structure interaction, and flow-induced noise.

THE ROLE OF ORGANIC COMPLEXES OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN THE METABOLISM OF RUMINANT RUMEN

Introduction. Trace elements are elements necessary for the body in negligible amounts, in particular for ruminants from 0.10 to 50.0 mg per kg of dry matter in the diet. All these trace elements are necessary for the biochemical processes of the body, which maintain the normal state of metabolism in the body, contribute to maintaining health and increasing productivity. Ensuring sufficient minerals is a particularly difficult task, since the needs for most minerals are not constant, but depend on physiological factors, including genetics, age, gender, type of production and level of production, and also depends on the composition and quality of the diet. The aim – this article examines the effect of organic forms of mineral additives on metabolism and the degree of digestibility of the dry matter of the feed substrate in the rumen. Material and methods. To implement the tasks set, 4 samples were formed – a control and 3 experimental (I, II, III). All samples were presented with wheat bran, however, before incubation, mineral complexes were introduced into the working tanks where the experimental samples were located: I – Co + Fe; II – Se+Zn; III – Cu. As mineral preparations, the following were used: copper bioplex – 10 mg/kg CB  (manufacturer: Alltech, Serbia), zinc bioplex – 140 mg/kg CB (manufacturer: Alltech, 54 Ltd, Ireland); selenium-plex – 0.1 mg/kg CB (manufacturer: Alltech flanders BVBA, Belgium); cobalt chloride – 0.1 mg/kg CB (manufacturer: NPK Ascont+ LLC, Moscow region, Russia); iron chelate – 50 mg/kg SV (manufacturer GLS PHARMACEUTICALS, Moscow, Russia). Studies of the digestibility of the studied feed substrate were carried out by the in vitro method according to a specialized technique. The level of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the contents of the scar was determined by gas chromatography on a gas chromatograph "Crystallux-4000M", determination of nitrogen forms according to GOST 26180-84. Results. The use of Cu, Co+Fe, Se+Zn contributes to an increase in the digestibility of the CB feed substrate by 1.0–2.4% (p < 0.05), an increase in the concentration of nitrogen in the scar fluid and maintenance of pH at the level of 6.7–6.8. Conclusion. The use of various mineral complexes in the feeding of ruminants contributes to a change in the course of metabolic processes in the rumen.

Galaxy Spectroscopy without Spectra: Galaxy Properties from Photometric Images with Conditional Diffusion Models

Modern spectroscopic surveys can only target a small fraction of the vast amount of photometrically cataloged sources in wide-field surveys. Here, we report the development of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) method capable of predicting optical galaxy spectra from photometric broadband images alone. This method draws from the latest advances in diffusion models in combination with contrastive networks. We pass multiband galaxy images into the architecture to obtain optical spectra. From these, robust values for galaxy properties can be derived with any methods in the spectroscopic toolbox, such as standard population synthesis techniques and Lick indices. When trained and tested on 64 × 64 pixel images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the global bimodality of star-forming and quiescent galaxies in photometric space is recovered, as well as a mass–metallicity relation of star-forming galaxies. The comparison between the observed and the artificially created spectra shows good agreement in overall metallicity, age, Dn4000, stellar velocity dispersion, and E(B − V) values. Photometric redshift estimates of our generative algorithm can compete with other current, specialized deep learning techniques. Moreover, this work is the first attempt in the literature to infer velocity dispersion from photometric images. Additionally, we can predict the presence of an active galactic nucleus up to an accuracy of 82%. With our method, scientifically interesting galaxy properties, normally requiring spectroscopic inputs, can be obtained in future data sets from large-scale photometric surveys alone. The spectra prediction via AI can further assist in creating realistic mock catalogs.

Intramural Ventricular Arrhythmias: How to Crack a Hard Nut.

Successful catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias depends on identifying the critical tissues that sustain the arrhythmia. Increasingly, the intramural space is being recognized as an important source of idiopathic and reentrant ventricular arrhythmias, representing a common cause of ablation failure. A systematic approach to mapping and ablating these arrhythmias is key to optimize outcomes. Intramural ventricular arrhythmias are common in certain anatomical locations such as the left ventricular ostium or the interventricular septum. In these cases, mapping of the septal coronary veins provides an opportunity to explore the intramural compartment of the septum to perform activation mapping, entrainment and/or pace mapping. When an intramural arrhythmia is identified, ablation may require radiofrequency application from multiple sites, prolonged lesions, or special ablation techniques such as bipolar ablation or transvenous ethanol injection. Identification of intramural ventricular arrhythmias depends on comprehensive mapping that should include the coronary venous system, and ablation often requires advanced techniques. This paper provides a guide on when to suspect an intramural ventricular arrhythmia in the electrophysiology laboratory and how to approach mapping and ablation in these challenging cases.

Prehistoric Cultural Migration in the Middle–Lower Lishui Catchment of Central China in Response to Environmental Changes

Climate change and geological shifts were pivotal in the survival and development of ancient human societies, especially in densely populated regions like the middle and lower Lishui River Basin. This study explored the dynamic interactions between ancient human cultures and the region’s natural environment, using field research alongside geological, geomorphological, and archaeological data spanning from the late Paleolithic to the Neolithic periods. Our findings showed that prehistoric sites in the middle and lower Lishui River Basin were primarily located in the low hilly areas surrounding the lower basin during the Paleolithic era, a pattern shaped by the region’s geomorphology. Early human settlements were strategically positioned near the Lishui River, offering access to vital resources while minimizing flood risk. These locations provided flat terrain, abundant vegetation, and materials for tool-making, factors that supported a hunting and gathering lifestyle. As the coldest phase of the last glacial period approached, the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic eras marked a period of significant behavioral adaptation. In response to the harsher environment, humans began settling on lower terraces and miniaturizing their stone tools, signaling a shift to more specialized hunting techniques. This adaptability and resilience marked the refinement of hunting economies during this period. With the onset of the Holocene epoch and a warmer climate, conditions for human habitation became more favorable. Societies began migrating from the hills to the fertile lower Lishui River Basin, heralding the Neolithic period. This era saw the emergence of settlements and the onset of early rice cultivation, marking the transition from a hunting–gathering economy to one centered on agriculture. By the Daxi period, these settlements had expanded, extending their influence throughout the region. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical roles of climate change and geological features in shaping human settlement patterns, economic activities, and cultural evolution in the middle and lower Lishui River Basin. Our findings offer valuable insights into the evolutionary processes of ancient human cultures in the region and provide a foundation to understand future challenges in sustainable development.

Accounting and analytical support of internal control of receivables at construction organizations

Subject. This article deals with the issues of improving the internal control of accounts receivable of economic entities of the construction industry. Objectives. The article aims to develop a detailed methodology for internal control of accounts receivable, including systematized procedures structured by control stage, based on the automation of accounting processes. Methods. For the study, we used the case, statistical, and analytical research methods, as well as special methodological techniques used in control and audit practice. Results. The article finds that with the ineffective activities of the internal control service, there is a delay in the receipt of funds from buyers, as a result of which the pace of construction and installation work slows down, and the probability of the risk of untimely commissioning of the facility increases. The article identifies the main reasons hindering the development of the construction industry, and offers the author-developed methodology for controlling settlements with counterparties, which provides for the step-by-step implementation of the formulated procedures based on the automation of accounting functions. Conclusions and Relevance. The introduction of escrow accounts and the transformation of accounting for settlements with participants in shared-equity construction are the main steps towards improving transparency and reliability in the field of shared-equity construction and necessitate the formation of an effective internal control system, taking into account the industry aspect, which makes it possible to minimize the risk of late repayment of receivables. The results of the study can be used by economic entities of the construction industry as a method of internal control of accounts receivable.

Microsurgical vascular suture

Anastomosis of two vessels by end-to-end or end-to-side suturing to create an uninterrupted blood flow between the two vessels. Transplantations; replantations; vascular trauma. Active infections in the area to be vascularized or surgical site; large differences in caliber between the vessels; hypercoagulability; extensive tissue damage. First, clamping, cleaning and flushing of the vessel ends; adaptation of the vessel ends using end-to-end or end-to-side anastomosis, using an end-to-side anastomosis if an existing vessel axis should not be interrupted; creation of the anastomosis using asingle button suture or continuous suture technique; careful avoidance of puncturing the posterior wall and exact adaptation of the vessel ends without leaks; release of the blood flow and examination of the anastomosis. Postoperative avoidance of traction, tension, pressure and shear forces on the anastomosis; regular blood flow checks of the revascularized tissue or flap; sufficient anticoagulation. An atraumatic and gentle suturing technique is abasic requirement for asuccessful anastomosis. Special suturing techniques can improve the anastomosis of fragile vessels.

Cost Optimization in Sintering Process on the Basis of Bulk Queueing System with Diverse Services Modes and Vacation

This research investigated a single bulk server queuing model where service modes and server vacations are dependent on the number of clients. The server operates in three different service modes: single service, fixed batch service, and variable batch service. Modes will be determined by queue length. The service starts only when the minimum number of customers, say ‘a’, has accumulated in the queue. At this point, the server selects one of three service modes. Transitions between duty modes are permitted only at the beginning of a duty period. At the end of the service, the server can go on vacation if the queue length drops below ‘a’. When returning from vacation, if threshold ‘a’ is not reached, the server will remain inactive until it is reached. A special technique called the Supplementary Variables Technique (SVT) was used to determine the probability-generating function when estimating the queue size at a given time. Appropriate numerical examples exemplify the method developed in the paper. An optimal cost analysis was performed to set the threshold values for different server modes with the intention of minimizing the aggregate average cost.

Metal implants in children.

Metal implants are increasingly used in children for trauma and deformity correction. This review outlines the current knowledge on the types of metals used and explores reasons for removal and the potential for long-term health issues of metal implants. The literature pertaining to these aspects was studied and summarised in this review. Types of metals used have evolved as well as the development of children-specific implants. Improvements in deformity correction are measurable with likely improved outcomes and reduced health costs. Indications for metal implant removal following successful treatment remain ill-defined; however, the risks of removal are known with a minimum 6% complication rate. Health costs could be reduced by around 6% by judicious decisions to leave metal in place. Implant removal should only be encouraged in the presence of infection, mechanical failure or symptoms that are truly attributable to the implant. In the domain of spinal implants, there is evidence of significant metal ion release, most notably titanium which remains elevated to many times baseline levels beyond 2 years. The detection of titanium at low levels requires special techniques. The long-term health effects on patients and/or their offspring are not well defined, although well described in animal models. The risks of metal removal are significant. Clinicians need to be aware of potential health risks in the use of metal implants and the potential for covert toxicity effects in children especially with their long life ahead. There is a need for greater awareness of metal alloy composition and implant design to minimise risks. Level V.

Analytical Mini-Review of Different Sheet Pile Configuration Utilization for Dam Seepage Reduction and Applications on Iraqi Dams

Abstract Seepage is one of the main causes of dams and some other hydraulic structures' failure. Water movement beneath the dam’s base creates piping and uplift pressure under the structure, potentially leading to improper dam operation. This current study focuses on the utilization of a special technique to restrict the transfer of movement water via soil which includes sheet piles under the dam foundation. Sheet pile walls are interlocking pile segments that are embedded in soil to resist horizontal pressure, classified as a flexible retaining system, and capable of tolerating relatively large deformations. Sheet piles are made of various materials, such as wood, concrete, steel, and aluminum, which are suitable for different applications. The role of seepage can be affected by the cutoff utilization. In this study, some Iraqi dam issues due to seepage are explained, also the geological stratum beneath the dam is briefly discussed. the potential use of sheet piles with different configurations has been reviewed to detect the optimum situation for seepage parameters reduction based on their numbers, interval distances, inclinations, and places. Keywords: Seepage, sheet piles, impermeable foundation, Iraqi dams’ issues, and geological stratum.

Assessing the Influence of Illumination on Ion Conductivity in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Whether illumination influences the ion conductivity in lead-halide perovskite solar cells containing iodide halides has been an ongoing debate. Experiments to elucidate the presence of a photoconductive effect require special devices or measurement techniques and neglect possible influences of the enhanced electronic charge concentrations. Here, we assess the electronic-ionic charge transport using drift-diffusion simulations and show that the well-known increase in capacitance at low frequencies under illumination is caused by electronic currents that are amplified due to the screening of the alternating electric field by the ions. We propose a novel characterization technique to detect a potential photoinduced increase in ionic conductivity based on capacitance measurements on fully integrated devices. The method is applied to a range of perovskite solar cells with different active layer materials. Remarkably, all measured samples show a clear signature of photoenhanced ion conductivity, posing fundamental questions on the underlying nature of the photosensitive mechanism.

Activating the resources of families raising children with autism spectrum disorders

Introduction. Modern family resources in terms of supporting children with autism spectrum disorders are increasingly becoming a subject of discourse at the level of interdepartmental and intersectoral cooperation. At the same time, a large-scale investigation of parental expertise and inclusiveness as basic family resources is required. Metaprofessional qualities of parents’ personality, being a backbone characteristic, are considered as a component of their expertise and inclusiveness. The aim of the article is the analysis of deficiencies and potentialities of families raising children with autism spectrum disorders in terms of personal metaprofessional competence. Materials and methods. The study covered 160 families raising children with autism spectrum disorders and 164 assisting experts. The diagnostic material was grounded on the basic data obtained through the results of parents’ completion of a special document “Personal Card” and following the survey of families and specialists entrusted with upbringing, education, psychological and pedagogical support of children with autism spectrum disorders (the section for assessing the educative competencies group in the structure of the author’s questionnaires: “Self-assessment of parental inclusiveness” and “Expert assessment of inclusive potential”). The significance of the obtained results was evaluated through the analysis of contingency tables based on Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results. The quantitative/qualitative characterisation of resources of families raising children with autism spectrum disorders was derived, demonstrating parental expertise and inclusiveness. The relationship between the category of children and the level of education was established, which level is higher in parents bringing up children with autism spectrum disorders (χ2 = 14.655; p=0.006); in addition, significant differences in professional employment of parents bringing up children with autism spectrum disorders, mental retardation and visual impairment were established. Some differences in the extent of satisfaction with the quality and nature of assistance received by the parents were identified (χ2 = 8.433; p<0.05). The parents of children with autism spectrum disorders, unlike control groups, preferred private educational centres as the main sources of help, support and assistance. The survey established a pronounced deficit of active and effective participation of the second parent, grandparents and people from the immediate environment in the upbringing of a child (more than 26% of the respondents). The shortcomings in the mastery of special methods and techniques of interaction with a child with autism spectrum disorders were highlighted, as well as the lack of a unified, effective and sustainable system of stimulating and encouraging a child within the family. Conclusion. The obtained results are significant for further comprehensive elaboration and comprehension of the inclusive potential of families raising children with autism spectrum disorders. The most important guideline is the adoption of metaprofessional solutions designed to significantly complement the existing applied methods within the framework of realising the strategy for comprehensive support of persons with autism spectrum disorders, their parents and the immediate environment.

Vision language models in ophthalmology.

Vision Language Models are an emerging paradigm in artificial intelligence that offers the potential to natively analyze both image and textual data simultaneously, within a single model. The fusion of these two modalities is of particular relevance to ophthalmology, which has historically involved specialized imaging techniques such as angiography, optical coherence tomography, and fundus photography, while also interfacing with electronic health records that include free text descriptions. This review then surveys the fast-evolving field of Vision Language Models as they apply to current ophthalmologic research and practice. Although models incorporating both image and text data have a long provenance in ophthalmology, effective multimodal Vision Language Models are a recent development exploiting advances in technologies such as transformer and autoencoder models. Vision Language Models offer the potential to assist and streamline the existing clinical workflow in ophthalmology, whether previsit, during, or post-visit. There are, however, also important challenges to be overcome, particularly regarding patient privacy and explainability of model recommendations.

Novels by A.A. Zinoviev as works of a new genre

The article analyzes the novels of A.A. Zinoviev from the perspective of genre specificity and artistic techniques that the author inherits from previous literature. Proximity to the artistic traditions of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and J. Swift’s texts allow us to consider Zinoviev’s texts in the context of world artistic culture, but the peculiarities of the organization of the novel space and the angle of the writer's point of view on social reality indicate that his novels do not fit into the usual genre canons and should be considered as sociological novels. The results obtained expand the traditional understanding of the genre of the novel, describe interesting author’s intentions of the world order, reveal the relationship between the artistic word and sociological statistical data, and give impetus to further research of the creative work of an extraordinary writer.

Modifying 3D composite textiles as functional panels

Honeycomb fabric-reinforced composites have been widely used recently, due to their prominent properties, when compared to other materials. This is because they are lighter in weight and stronger than other materials. Thus, they can absorb different types of energies, such as mechanical and thermal energies. A multi-layer fabric is developed by creating a unique fabric structure, to enable the presence of air voids within the panels produced, which diminishes the heat transfer rate through the material. The structure applied in samples used in this manuscript is novel, as it consists of a 3D fabric produced using a traditional loom with a special technique, by dividing the warp yarns into four layers. A skin of textile, produced from textile wastes, is applied, along with the technique of hardening the 3D fabrics to keep the open areas in the structure with the aid of pre-designed pins and a resin. The composite panel was produced with the pins used to open the fabric’s structure, and the resin was applied as a matrix holding the structure and keeping its dimensions. Panels of the 3D fabric-reinforced composite obtained from cotton and polyester yarns were produced, to achieve thermal insulation and good mechanical properties, which enable the use of the fabric in various applications. The fabric has two panels of each material, one with skin and the other without skin. This skin consists of low-quality fabric, mainly made from textile wastes. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed panels were measured. Functional performance, such as thermal and sound properties, were also measured. Testing thermal conductivity, it was found that panels made of cotton had higher conductivity than panels made of polyester. In addition, the presence of the skin improved the thermal insulation and mechanical strength of the panels compared to those without skin. In mechanical testing, polyester-based panels showed better mechanical properties than panels based on cotton. In sound absorption testing, all samples reached the limits for sound absorption. The number of layers affected the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and the noise reduction coefficient (NRC). Also, the presence of the skin improved NRC. Finally, all samples had an aesthetic appearance, due to the presence of surface waves, but the sample containing the polyester material, with double layers, and the laminated skin made of waste fabric had the highest functional panel performance, in terms of radar chart areas. This means that it can be used in the field of architecture as a façade panel or as an indoor wall used for isolation, which do not require paint.

Spinal cord evaluation in multiple sclerosis: clinical and radiological associations, present and future.

Spinal cord disease is important in most people with multiple sclerosis, but assessment remains less emphasized in patient care, basic and clinical research and therapeutic trials. The North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord Interest Group was formed to determine and present the contemporary landscape of multiple sclerosis spinal cord evaluation, further existing and advanced spinal cord imaging techniques, and foster collaborative work. Important themes arose: (i) multiple sclerosis spinal cord lesions (differential diagnosis, association with clinical course); (ii) spinal cord radiological-pathological associations; (iii) 'critical' spinal cord lesions; (iv) multiple sclerosis topographical model; (v) spinal cord atrophy; and (vi) automated and special imaging techniques. Distinguishing multiple sclerosis from other myelopathic aetiology is increasingly refined by imaging and serological studies. Post-mortem spinal cord findings and MRI pathological correlative studies demonstrate MRI's high sensitivity in detecting microstructural demyelination and axonal loss. Spinal leptomeninges include immune inflammatory infiltrates, some in B-cell lymphoid-like structures. 'Critical' demyelinating lesions along spinal cord corticospinal tracts are anatomically consistent with and may be disproportionately associated with motor progression. Multiple sclerosis topographical model implicates the spinal cord as an area where threshold impairment associates with multiple sclerosis disability. Progressive spinal cord atrophy and 'silent' multiple sclerosis progression may be emerging as an important multiple sclerosis prognostic biomarker. Manual atrophy assessment is complicated by rater bias, while automation (e.g. Spinal Cord Toolbox), and artificial intelligence may reduce this. Collaborative research by the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and similar groups with experts combining distinct strengths is key to advancing assessment and treatment of people with multiple sclerosis spinal cord disease.

An Algorithm for the Solution of Integro-Fractional Differential Equations with a Generalized Symmetric Singular Kernel

This work studies an integro-fractional differential equation (I-FrDE) with a generalized symmetric singular kernel. The scientific approach in this study was to transform the integro-differential equation (I-DE) into a mixed integral equation (MIE) with an Able kernel in fractional time and a generalized symmetric singular kernel in position. Additionally, the authors first set conditions on the singular kernels, whether related to time or position, and then transform the integral equation into an integral operator. Secondly, the solution is unique, which is proven by means of fixed-point theorems. In combination with the solution rules, the convergence of the solution is studied, and the error equation resulting from the solution is a stable error-integral influencer equation. Next, to solve this MIE, the authors apply a special technique to separate the variables and produce an integral equation in position with coefficients, in the form of an integral operator in time. As the most effective technique for resolving singular integral equations, the Toeplitz matrix method (TMM) is utilized to convert the integral equation into an algebraic system for the purpose of solving the position problem. The existence of a solution to the linear algebraic system in Banach space is then demonstrated. Lastly, certain applications where the functions of the generalized symmetric kernel are cubic or exponential and it assumes the logarithmic, Cauchy, or Carleman form are discussed. In each case, Maple 18 is also used to compute the error estimate.

StructmRNA a BERT based model with dual level and conditional masking for mRNA representation

In this study, we introduce StructmRNA, a new BERT-based model that was designed for the detailed analysis of mRNA sequences and structures. The success of DNABERT in understanding the intricate language of non-coding DNA with bidirectional encoder representations is extended to mRNA with StructmRNA. This new model uses a special dual-level masking technique that covers both sequence and structure, along with conditional masking. This enables StructmRNA to adeptly generate meaningful embeddings for mRNA sequences, even in the absence of explicit structural data, by capitalizing on the intricate sequence-structure correlations learned during extensive pre-training on vast datasets. Compared to well-known models like those in the Stanford OpenVaccine project, StructmRNA performs better in important tasks such as predicting RNA degradation. Thus, StructmRNA can inform better RNA-based treatments by predicting the secondary structures and biological functions of unseen mRNA sequences. The proficiency of this model is further confirmed by rigorous evaluations, revealing its unprecedented ability to generalize across various organisms and conditions, thereby marking a significant advance in the predictive analysis of mRNA for therapeutic design. With this work, we aim to set a new standard for mRNA analysis, contributing to the broader field of genomics and therapeutic development.

Scalable electrospinning using a desktop, high throughput, self-contained system

Electrospinning is a specialized processing technique for the formation of submicron diameter fibers of polymeric and ceramic materials using an electrostatic field. The process has multiple advantages over other nano- and micro- fiber synthesis methods; however, generally suffers from very low fabrication speeds, making it undesirable for scalability. This work assesses the performance of a needle-less, self-contained, high throughput electrospinning system. It further compares the fiber fabrication rates obtained versus two single needle setups with different collectors: (i) a conventional single needle and flat plate geometry, and (ii) a single needle with a rotating collector geometry. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in ethanol was used as the model material. The fabrication rate of the high throughput system “HTES” was measured at about 2.6 g/h and was about 15 times that collected of the flat plate. Comparing it to other systems reported in the literature also proved it to be a viable option for high throughput, lab scale electrospinning.