Specific Solutions Research Articles

Overview of the Balanced Suspension Patents

Background: The suspension has the role of transmitting and carrying the forces and moments between the wheels and the frame and controlling the wheel runout, thus providing the car with good comfort and operational stability. Objective: Through the analysis of the current situation of suspension research, we summarize the research line and specific technical solutions of suspension, and finally, we provide an outlook on the future development direction of suspension, which in turn can provide some reference value for readers. Methods: The existing suspensions are classified into passive suspensions, semi-active suspensions, and active suspensions, and their improvement methods are described to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different improvement methods. Results: By comparing the results of suspension studies, semi-active suspension can effectively improve the smoothness and handling stability of the vehicle. Semi-active suspension has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple control, lower cost, easy implementation, and high reliability, while the effect of vibration control can be close to active suspension to some extent and far better than passive suspension. Conclusion: This paper introduces passive suspension, semi-active suspension, and active suspension in three categories and describes the working principle, functions, problem-solving advantages, and shortcomings of the three suspensions, respectively. Semi-active suspension is more suitable for the future development trend of suspension.

Newcard telemonitoring system improves survival in comparison both with traditional approaches and other French telemonitoring systems in chronic heart failure

Abstract Background in the NEWTS3 Study, the French National Health Data System (SNDS) was used to comprehensively collect medico economic data for patients between 2017 and 2020. We have shown a decrease in all-cause mortality with the Newcard telemonitoring system (NewTM) in comparison with traditional approaches in Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). This effect seemed to be greater in the group of patients included in the specific year 2020 Purpose The aim of the NEWTS3EXT study is on one hand to confirm those results by adding 2021 and 2022 data to the follow up of the 2020 population. On the other hand, a new evaluation was performed for NewTM patients matched with patients followed by other telemonitoring French systems (TLM). Methods All NewTM patients monitored at least 3 months between 2017 and 2020 were included. For each patient, anonymised data was retrieved from the SNDS. Control Group (CG) was randomly selected from an exhaustive extraction of SNDS of patients with CHF without telemonitoring. This CG was matched in a 1:3 ratio to NewTM patients using a propensity score including baseline characteristics, presence of comorbidities and presence of significative treatments. TLM group was randomly selected from an extraction of SNDS of patients with CHF including a reimbursement of telemonitoring but not followed by Newcard. This TLM group was matched in a 1:1 ratio to NewTM patients using the same propensity score. Binomial negative GEE models were used on matched data sets to assess differences. Results 53.97 % of the patients were included during the 2020 year (571 patients). During 2020, the COVID first year, the prognosis of patients with HF is known as more positive. Despite that, we show a consistent gain in survival rates for the NewTM group (OR 0.707 p=0.0025) (fig 1) For the second arm of the study, 919 NewTM patients were matched to 919 TLM patients. We show also an increase statically significative in survival rates in the NewTM group versus TLM group at 48 months (OR 0.832 p=0.0394) (fig 2) Conclusion In this part of the NEWTS3 program, we confirm the effect on all-cause mortality of the Newcard telemonitoring system in comparison with a control group even on the specific 2020 population which is known to have a better prognostic. On the other hand, it is one of the first comparison between one specific solution and a group of others. Explaining the positive result on all-cause mortality for the NewTM must be a mix of plenty of specificities especially in a complex process like telemonitoring of HF. To help to find the best place for telemonitoring in the care pathway of HF, we can emphasize on the high level of adherence of the NewTM patients (data collected every 1.4 days) and on the precise process to ensure that every alert is followed by a medical response.

Solving the problem of automating the learning process through experimental search for an individual educational trajectory

The automation of the educational process and the introduction of adaptive learning are becoming the most effective ways to solve the problem of the shortage of highly qualified personnel under digitalization of education.The article proposes an approach to the formation of individual educational trajectories as a composition of pedagogical experiments, which is characterized by good interpretability in comparison with methods based on machine learning. This approach, unlike most modern parametric solutions, involves an experimental search for an individual educational trajectory for each student of the group, and not just a part of the students of the group in which the application of a specific parametric solution is effective. It is proposed that the procedure of selecting educational technologies be automated similarly to how it is done by teachers in small groups, for example, by applying the automated trial and error method and its optimized versions. The possibility of transferring educational technologies to other courses is considered, without which technology reuse and scaling are impossible. A new function of the learning system is described, i. e. the formation of an individual educational trajectory, which is used throughout the study in higher education.The obtained results can be used in the construction of modern systems of individualization of learning and conducting distributed pedagogical experiments, which, in turn, reduces the threshold of teachers’ entry into the study of new learning technologies and accelerates the widespread dissemination of promising educational technologies.

Counting the costs: understanding the extra costs of living with disability in Indonesia to advance inclusive policies within the SDG framework

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a multidimensional framework for monitoring progress on disability inclusion over time and among countries where reliable, disability disaggregated data is available. However, the SDGs alone do not provide insights into the causes of the social and economic disparities that people with disabilities face or offer specific policy solutions to alleviate them. This paper highlights the extra costs of living with disability in Indonesia to advance the country's commitment to further the rights of people with disabilities. It utilizes three primary estimation methods, combining an analyses of national survey data with primary data from interviews and focus group discussions. Findings reveal significant and varying costs based on disability type, severity and life cycle stages. It also highlights the unaffordability of these costs for most individuals with disabilities and their families. Leveraging these estimates, the paper proposes ‘disability concessions’ aligned with Indonesia's legal framework on disability inclusion, aiming to alleviate financial burdens through discounts across health, education, utilities and transportation. By contributing to methodological approaches in understanding extra costs of living with disability inclusion in emerging country context and promoting discussions on leveraging the results for disability inclusive policymaking, this paper supplements the SDG framework to foster disability inclusion.

The model of the local Universe in the framework of the second-order perturbation theory

Abstract Recently, we constructed the specific solution to the second-order cosmological perturbation theory, around any Friedmann–Lema\^itre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) background filled with dust matter and a positive cosmological constant. In this paper, we use the {\it Cosmicflows-4} (CF4) sample of galaxies from the Extragalactic Distance Database to constrain this metric tensor. We obtain an approximation to the local matter distribution and geometry. We numerically solve for null geodesics for randomly distributed mock sources and compare this model with the Lema\^itre-Hubble constant inferred from the observations under the assumption of perfect isotropy and homogeneity. We conclude on effects of realistic inhomogeneities on the luminosity distance in the context of the Hubble tension and discuss limitations of our approach.

Tri-objective and multi-parameter geometric optimization of two-stage radioisotope thermoelectric generator based on NSGA-II

Radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is one of ideal power sources for deep space exploration due to the long service life and high stability. To further extend service life and improve electrical output, this study is first to simultaneously optimize electrical output and mechanical stability induced by thermal stress of the two-stage RTG using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Skutterudite and bismuth telluride are used as the thermoelectric materials in hot-stage and cold-stage thermoelectric generators, respectively. The maximum von Mises stress of the skutterudite-stage (VonSKD) and bismuth telluride-stage (VonBT) thermoelectric generator and the conversion efficiency of the two-stage RTG (ηtwo) are set to the three objectives, and twelve geometrical parameters of two-stage RTG are used as variables. Electrical output and mechanical stability are simulated with COMSOL 6.0 Multiphysics software based on the finite element method. Results show that the ranges of ηtwo, VonSKD, and VonBT in the Pareto front are 4.81–7.57 %, 112.2–228.46 and 19.24–87.33 MPa, respectively, when the temperature difference is 300 K. TOPSIS decision-making method is used to select the specific optimal solution on the Pareto front according to the weight of the different objectives. Comparisons between tri- and bi-objective as well as single-stage optimization are also carried. Results show that there are strong influences among these three objectives. The performance of one objective would improve at the expense of the performance of the remaining objectives decrease if a larger weight was given. The VonSKD has the greatest importance among the three objectives, followed by ηtwo, and the smallest is VonBT. Skutterudite-stage thermoelectric generator should be particularly considered in the design of two-stage RTGs. The two-stage RTGs with different weight factors exhibit different electrical performances due to different geometrical parameters. This research can provide references for two-stage thermoelectric generators in more scenarios to improve electrical performances and extend service life.

Numerical Solution of External Boundary Conditions Inverse Multilayer Diffusion Problems

The present study is concerned with the numerical solution of external boundary conditions in inverse problems for one-dimensional multilayer diffusion, using the difference method. First, we formulate multispecies parabolic problems with three types of Dirichlet–Neumann–Robin internal boundary conditions that apply at the interfaces between adjacent layers. Then, using the symmetry of the diffusion operator, we prove the well-posedness of the direct (forward) problem in which the coefficients, the right-hand side, and the initial and boundary conditions are given. In inverse problems, instead of external boundary conditions of the first and the last layers, point observations of the solution within the entire domain are posed. Rothe’s semi-discretization of differential problems combined with a symmetric exponential finite difference solution for elliptic problems on each time layer is proposed to develop an efficient semi-analytical approach. Next, using special solution decomposition techniques, we numerically solve the inverse problems for the identification of external boundary conditions. Numerical test examples are discussed.

Time scale analysis of enzymatic reduction of uric acid in a microfluidic biomedical device

Time Scale Analysis (TSA) is an investigative tool used in engineering design to identify locations in processes that should be a focus of Process Intensification (PI). Furthermore, TSA points to process variables and parameters that could be used to advance and measure PI improvement. However, TSA cannot suggest any specific design solution to intensify process performance. Instead, design engineers should use their fundamental knowledge and creative intelligence to specify detailed design transformations. TSA will then provide a specific quantitative measure of the improvement. TSA implementation improves an explicitly defined process performance, thus helping achieve process intensification goals. TSA is based on first principles, and it utilizes Characteristic Times (CT) such as diffusion, mean residence, and reaction times to improve an existing process. In this study, we specifically consider microfluidic biomedical devices. To illustrate the genesis of CT and TSA, we start by developing a mathematical model of an enzymatic degradation process in a biomedical device called iCore based on mass, momentum, and kinetic equations. After introducing user-defined scaling parameters, we extract CTs pertinent to the enzymatic degradation of uric acid in this microfluidic biomedical device. Diffusion coefficients, microchannel architectural characteristics, enzyme loading, hydrogel thickness, and characteristic parameters of enzyme kinetics are the parameters and process variables incorporated in this analysis. Finally, we compared the extracted CTs with a COMSOL Multiphysics parametric study to demonstrate how time scale analysis as a design tool and adjusting design parameters, such as diffusion coefficient, hydrogel layer thickness, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration, can enhance the enzymatic reaction process without a need for complex computational modeling. It is crucial to recognize that pertinent CTs can be determined by understanding the type and nature of the observed process, previous experience, published data, and other foundational engineering design work. There is no need for mathematical modeling and numerical simulations to identify and acknowledge the CTs relevant and essential to the observed process; in this work, we only illustrate the principal origin of CTs via a detailed mathematical model of the process, as previously reported by Jovanovic et al. Therefore, in a routine application of TSA, it is important to remember that mathematical modeling and detailed numerical simulations are not necessary. This is a very comforting fact when TSA is deployed as a tool in higher-level process design functions. The investigations on how best to apply TSA in these higher level design functions such as Process Intensification, scale-up/numbering-up, change of device architecture, change of operating conditions, change of process feed characteristics, change of material physical and chemical properties, parametric optimization of the system for various objective functions, and techno-economic analysis, are yet to be studied and reported.

The configurational impact of e-commerce live streaming interactivity on consumer engagement behavior

PurposeThis study aimed to verify the impact of e-commerce live streaming interactivity on consumer engagement behavior. Specifically, the multiple dimensions of interactivity and tie strength together form a high-level consumer engagement behavior.Design/methodology/approachData collection was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Data from 416 respondents were analyzed by structural, followed by further test by fsQCA method.FindingsPerceived controllability, perceived responsiveness and perceived mutuality positively influence tie strength, and tie strength promotes consumer engagement behavior. Moreover, we found a configuration effect between interactivity and tie strength and revealed four configurations that can affect high-level engagement behavior.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the SEM results show that the three dimensions of perceived interactivity positively impact tie strength: perceived controllability, perceived responsiveness, and perceived mutuality. And perceived personalization has no positive impact on tie strength. Second, the relevant results show that tie strength positively impacts consumer engagement behavior. Third, we find that the relationship between perceived interactivity and consumer engagement behavior may not be asymmetric, so the alternative combination of causal conditions may produce the same results. The fsQCA results revealed four configurations that can affect the level of consumer engagement behavior. And tie strength is the core condition.Practical implicationsThis study provides specific solutions for e-retailers and live streaming platforms to promote consumers' participation in engagement behavior in e-commerce live streaming.Originality/valueThis study transforms the linear impact of interactivity on consumer engagement behavior into a configuration effect for the first time, and enriches the live streaming commerce and consumer engagement behavior literature.

Possibilities of the electronic educational environment in increasing the efficiency of the military education system

The presented article examines innovative ways to develop military education in the context of digitalization and digital transformation. Specific technical solutions have been proposed to increase the efficiency of future officers' mastery of military-technical specialties. The pedagogical experience of using the designed library of 3D-models of military hand-held small arms in the officer training system is summarized and presented. This library is described in detail and its place in the structure of the electronic educational environment of a military educational organization of higher education of a law enforcement agency is highlighted. The logical sequence of studying a sample of military hand-held small arms in the system technical description – 3D-model – real sample is revealed. The positive aspects of using the developed library in the preparation system are highlighted. Directions for further development of the structural component of the electronic educational environment of a military educational organization are proposed.

Posiedzenia zdalne w sprawach cywilnych jako odpowiedź na sytuację kryzysową wywołaną przez COVID-19

Crisis situation induced by the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has influenced the way of organization of hearings in civil cases. Undoubtedly, the possibility of remote meetings that was introduced by the Act on special solutions related to the prevention, counteracting and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them, was a novelty in Polish civil procedure. The main research intention of the article was to assess the impact of the regulation caused by the crisis situation on the current wording of the provisions of civil procedure. Following the amendment of the Civil Procedure Code of 7 July 2023, the provisions of the Covid Act were implemented in this area into the Civil Procedure Code. The article focused on assessing the impact of civil proceedings with the use of remote hearings on the implementation of the principles of fair trial, in particular the principle of open proceedings. Risks associated with the use of sentencing that have arisen in practice and ways of avoiding them have also been identified.

Exploring stacking fault energy with the axial Ising model: A renewed approach

In this work we revisit the axial Ising model for computing intrinsic stacking fault energies (γISF), which are important in alloy design. We find that the supercell approach, which directly compares the energies of fcc stacking with and without a fault, is a specific solution of the Ising model and is the most elegant and efficient among the solutions of the same order of accuracy. Contrary to the traditional belief that only the supercell approach can capture the effect of local chemistry, we demonstrate that local chemistry also influences γISF in the axial Ising model. We also propose a new formula γISF=5EABABC−5EABC, which is similarly efficient, simpler, and more accurate compared to the widely used γISF=EAB+2EABAC−3EABC. We tested the new formula on pure Ni, Ni-Co alloys, and Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high entropy alloys and found satisfactory results.

Supporting the infrastructure operators with customer specific AE-monitoring solutions

Cost-effective and efficient monitoring of infrastructure is crucial for planning maintenance and repairs while ensuring the safety of the structure. Acoustic emission is a method particularly suitable for long-term monitoring. However, the necessary extended monitoring period incurs high costs for the operator, primarily due to the exceptionally high costs of measuring equipment. The need for a tailored monitoring system for infrastructure applications is evident. TÜV AUSTRIA is developing a monitoring system called RISE, which represents a customized solution for steel bridge monitoring. The innovative online monitoring solution RISE assists experts with structural monitoring. Due to its compact design, low power consumption, and easy installation, the measuring system is specifically designed for continuous monitoring. Specifically, RISE is introduced for the hotspot monitoring of railway steel bridges. The passage of trains triggers a material response that can be recorded by the measuring system. This is used to perform crack monitoring on bridges and to have a tool for assessing crack activity and the degree of damage. This enables targeted planning of repairs and maintenance activities. Reducing the operating costs of the structure and ensures it save operation. The system is being developed to function robustly and provide a high level of automation. A demonstration of AE-monitoring of active cracks on a main bridge girder was done during a fatigue test in cooperation with the TU Graz. The girder was removed from a deconstructed bridge.

Machine learning ellipsometry as a sensitive diagnostic tool to study reproductive biology in Zika virus infected murine models

Machine-learning spectroscopy is a recent scientific and fast-growing area where specific machine-learning solutions are used to process spectroscopic data beyond traditional physical modeling. Here, several machine learning models are optimized and trained for processing highly sensitive broadband variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements as a new tool in reproductive biology. This new method is applied to classify semen samples obtained from male offspring from ZIKV-infected and uninfected murine models. The method is label-free, cost-effective, simple, and reaches excellent performance. The combination of spectroscopic depolarization degree data with a well-optimized and trained SVM model resulted in the excellent performance of AUROC = 0.99, accuracy = 92%, specificity = 87% and sensibility = 97%. Optical modeling of ellipsometry spectra with Kramers–Kronigconsistent B-splines that takes care of incoherent reflections in the samples allowed for the extraction of the average semen sample refraction index for each class, revealing small differences that were attributed to the observed semen head defects, protamination failure, and DNA fragmentation.

Unveiling the microservices testing methods, challenges, solutions, and solutions gaps: A systematic mapping study

Microservices architecture (MSA) is widely used by enterprises and related practitioners. Due to the importance of MSA in the industry, failure to identify its potential faults and errors will cause serious consequences. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct testing on the MSA to guarantee its quality and reliability. As a key task in the software development lifecycle, microservices testing can effectively identify defects and errors caused by incorrect or unexpected behavior of microservices software, ensuring the quality of microservices software. Currently, related reviews lack a comprehensive summary of the challenges and solutions faced by microservices testing. To fill this gap, this study provides a comprehensive review of the microservices testing. It analyzes 93 primary studies from 19595 pieces of research, eventually identifying nine categories of microservices testing methods, four types of challenges, and 5 specific solutions to challenges. The conclusion shows that the current part of microservices testing methods is significantly different from other architectural testing methods, lacking exploration of testing methods under different communication mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper discusses the above conclusions, providing directions to further narrow the gap in solutions to challenges and future development directions for microservices testing.

Generation of nonlinear gravity waves based on the harmonic polynomial cell method incorporated with a mass source

A nonlinear numerical wave tank is established using the Harmonic Polynomial Cell (HPC) method, which is incorporated with a mass source. The numerical wave tank consists of the mass source wave generation region and the working region, with sponge layers at both ends for wave absorption. In the mass source region, a generalized HPC method is applied to solve the inhomogeneous elliptic boundary value problems. The Poisson equation's special solution is represented by a bi-quadratic function. In the remaining domains, the HPC method is employed with harmonic polynomials to solve the problems governed by the Laplace equation in each grid cell. The free surface is tackled by the immersed boundary method (IB-HPC), and the kinematic and dynamic conditions of the free surface are described using a semi-Lagrangian approach. A variety of waves propagation are simulated, including Second-order Stokes wave, fifth-order Stokes wave, solitary wave, fifth-order Fenton stream function wave, random wave and the interaction with a straight vertical wall. The numerical solutions are compared with theoretical solutions. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the present method can generate arbitrary two-dimensional wave fields by specifying an appropriate source function. Additionally, the reflected waves can propagate through the wave generation region, ensuring that the process of wave generation is not affected by the reflections.

SLNs and NLCs for Skin Applications: Enhancing the Bioavailability of Natural Bioactives.

Natural bioactives are mixtures of compounds extracted from plants with physicochemical properties that are usually not favorable for penetrating the skin's complex barrier. Nanoparticles have important advantages both in dermatology and cosmetology: improved solubility and stability of encapsulated phytocompounds, controlled and sustained skin delivery, and enhanced skin permeation, leading to an improved bioavailability. This review focuses on two generations of lipid-based nanoparticles: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). An extensive overview on the recent studies on SLNs and NLCs entrapping essential oils, oils, herbal extracts, and phytocompounds for topical applications is presented, emphasizing their composition, physicochemical characterization, efficacy, and methodologies used to evaluate them. This review also summarizes topical systems containing natural bioactives incorporated into SLNs and NLCs, commercially available products and registered patents in the field. SLNs and NLCs turn out to be effective nanocarriers for skin applications, offering significantly improved encapsulation efficiency, stability, and bioactives delivery. However, their full potential is underexplored. Future applications should study the encapsulation potential of new natural bioactives and show more specialized solutions that address specific requirements; an improved product performance and a pleasant sensory profile could lead to increased customer compliance with the product use.

Clinical and Market Analysis of NanoBEO: A Public-Worth, Innovative Therapy for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)-Emerging Evidence and Its Implications for a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Decision-Making in National Health Systems.

According to scientific literature, some 99% of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer from behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), also known as neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs). In particular, agitation is one of the most difficult disorders to treat. States of agitation represent a very serious problem as they make these subjects dangerous for themselves and others and worsen as the disease advances. To date, there are no specific solutions for treating agitation. The only authorized drug is risperidone (as well as brexpiprazole, approved by the FDA on 11 May 2023), which can be used for no longer than 6-12 weeks because it increases the risk of death-owing to cardiocerebrovascular accidents-by 1.6-1.7 times. In order to address the latter noteworthy unmet medical need, NanoBEO was produced. The aim of the present work is to generate the health technology assessment (HTA) of this nanotechnological device. The latter consists of a controlled release system, based on solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with bergamot essential oil (BEO). The results of the present research assessed the current evidence in the field of non-pharmacological treatments for this condition, including relevant primary preclinical and clinical data studies supporting the use of this device and the production of the operative plan for its launch on the market. The findings offer recommendations for decision-making on its implementation in dementia. NanoBEO represents a public-worth innovation in this neglected area, marking a significant advancement in the history of dementia, moving from academic research to product development.

Basalt fibers corrosion in concrete: New perspectives originating from computational modelling techniques employment

Most of engineering disciplines or research areas have recently witnessed strategic changes leading to formulation of new challenges and revision of existing activities. Promoting the environmental aspects to the highest priority level was mostly in common. Seeking for energy efficient solutions, concrete society has mentioned basalt as a promising candidate having a potential to replace steel in the future. The chemical disharmony between basalt and alkaline environment of concrete, however, represents the most challenging tasks that obstructs the replacement procedure due to durability issues. Since only 3.3 % of the research priorities in this area deals with the corrosion and degradation problems, while the mainstream (57.0 %) prefers determination of various material properties, this problem seems to be undervalued. Additionally, computational modelling approaches are surprisingly not applied as frequently (6.1 %) as in other disciplines, although they could provide the essential long-term research. Simplified methods therefore still dominate these estimations approaches. This paper therefore brings an overview on basalt fiber corrosion in concrete, while summarizing the most topical gaps slowing down the basalt application progress. Since these gaps originate mostly from the simplifications adopted, specific solutions are proposed respectively, exploiting the unique advantages and possibilities of computational modelling approaches that are omitted. The topicality as well as the potential of the advanced approach is demonstrated on a critical example dealing with corrosion analysis evaluation in a specific wall segment. Highlighting the differences between simplified- and advanced techniques outputs, the main findings are concluded, and the most topical gaps are identified.

Water Resources Management for Multi-Source Ecological Restoration Goals in an Oasis: A Case Study of Bohu County Irrigation Area in Xinjiang, China

Oases in arid regions consist of river–lake–groundwater systems characterized by complex hydrological cycles and fragile ecosystems. Sustainable water resource management, aimed at multi-source ecological restoration, is crucial for oasis ecological protection and represents a current research challenge. This study focuses on the Bohu irrigation area, using ecological water levels, the MIKE-SHE hydrological model, and the water balance equation to propose a multi-objective groundwater and surface water regulation scheme that meets both the ecological safety requirements of the irrigation area and the ecological water demands of the Small Lake. Key findings include the following: (1) The regional ecological water level ranges from 1.69 m to 4 m, with about 74% of the area exceeding this range, threatening local ecology. (2) The proposed regulation method adjusts 91.25% of areas exceeding the ecological water level to within the acceptable range. (3) Under various planting scenarios, the minimum water distribution from the west branch of the BLSM water diversion hub should be 824.632 × 106 m3/a to meet Small Lake ecological demands. When this volume exceeds 831.902 × 106 m3/a, both groundwater regulation and Small Lake ecological demands are satisfied. This paper quantifies the water cycle mechanisms in complex hydrological interaction areas, providing specific solutions to regional ecological problems, which holds significant practical relevance.