Specific Phenomena Research Articles

상태학업착수지연척도 개발 및 타당화

Objectives This study aimed to develop and validate a scale for intervening in academic procrastination. First, to easily capture improvement pre- and post-intervention, the scale was developed at the state level rather than the chronic level. Second, focusing on the specific phenomenon of academic procrastination as “delaying the initiation of studying” - a core characteristic in the definition of academic procrastination- an operational definition was es-tablished in developing this scale. Methods To this end, we developed a SAIPS and conducted reliability analysis and EFA with 417 college students randomly extracted from the first-round data) and extracted the main factor from it. Subsequently, we performed CFA on three validation samples and evaluated the model fit. In addition, we verified the convergent and discrim-inant validity. Results From this sample, the final 1-factor 10-item scale was derived, and a high reliability of .90 or higher was confirmed. In the first validation sample (417 college students not included in the estimation sample from the first-round data), CFA showed adequate fit, with CFI .954, TLI .941, RMSEA .077, and SRMR .040. In the second validation sample, comprising 249 college students from the second-round data, CFA showed relatively low fit (CFI=.862, TLI=.822, RMSEA=.158, SRMR=.067). However, the third validation sample (627 middle and high school students from the first-round data) showed considerably good model fit (CFI=.983, TLI=.978, RMSEA= .062, SRMR=.021). Correlation analysis revealed discriminant validity, demonstrating significant negative correla-tions with “regular and consistent practices”, “self-confidence”, “self-regulation efficacy”, “academic efficacy”, and “academic enthusiasm efficacy”. Additionally, significant positive correlations were found with “chronic pro-crastination”, “chronic academic procrastination”, “academic procrastination state inventory: academic pro-crastination”, and “academic procrastination state inventory: fear of failure”, ensuring convergent validity. Conclusions The findings suggested the clinical implications of the scale developed in this study for future educa-tional and counseling interventions. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.

Two 33-Year-Old Women: Minka Stoeva and Kim Jiyoung Across Space and Time

Abstract: Comparative analysis is conducted between the Bulgarian film “A 33-Year-Old Woman” (1982) and the Korean film “Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982” (2019), as well as the Korean novel (2016) on which it was based. The focus is on the parallels and the differences between the artistic realizations of the protagonists which share the same age, the same gender, the same parent status (mothers of daughters). I explore how images were constructed which claim common validity for certain social and historical conditions. The aim is to identify the common and the specific phenomena and processes depicted in two different and distant cul¬tures in two different historical periods in two completely different socio¬po¬litical systems (Bulgaria in 1981/1982 and South Korea in 2015/2016) through works of narrative art that have provoked exceptionally broad social response and debate. Intercultural issues are seen through the prism of feminist discourse in two dif¬ferent periods. The tumultuous public reactions to the three works of art prove their artistic relevance and their high historical value as documents of their own time. Keywords: comparative analysis, contemporary Korean literature, Bulgarian cine¬ma, Korean cine

Jewish Art Studies in the Lithuanian Yiddish Press of the Interwar Period (1918–1940)

Summary Lithuanian art studies as an independent branch of science began to take shape in the First Republic of Lithuania between year 1918 and 1940. During 22 years in a multinational free state, it followed a winding path of mastery, professionalism, and the formation of a critic’s thought. However, if the origins, development, and forms of interwar Lithuanian art studies already are being explored, the Jewish art studies are still waiting for its first investigations. The purpose of this article is to broaden the scope of Lithuanian art research by incorporating the layers of interwar Jewish art studies conducted in the Yiddish language. Using the combined methodology of research as method of source studies, the aspects of social history of art and the comparative method, the Jewish art studies were analysed as a specific phenomenon which functioned alongside Lithuanian art studies. Throughout this research, over 1,000 Yiddish publications were reviewed to find the answers to the never previously discussed questions – how many Jewish art historians and critics contributed articles to the Yiddish press, what kind and quality of publications about Jewish art were featured, what aspects of Jewish art, artists, and society did Jewish art critics emphasise, and what kind of relationship existed among art critics, artists and public. The article also encompasses the short biographies of the most prominent Jewish authors in the field of art criticism.

Psychological basis of emotional and moral development of the personality. Part 1. Research problem of emotional and moral development of personality

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem lies in the fact that in psychological science some theorists involved in the study of emotions believe that the states of emotional experience are unchanged. Since the principles of immutability and constancy of emotional experience are crucial for understanding consciousness, an important type of which in humans are emotions, since they influence their perceptual and cognitive processes and behavior.Purpose setting. There are unique classes of emotional phenomena, such as mood, feelings, which manifest themselves in the general background of events and persist after their completion. It is precisely such background experiences that are the basis of the emotional assessments studied in this work. Moral and aesthetic experiences associated with art, human cognition through art, ensure his development as a subject of moral relations to other people and to himself, contribute to changes in his moral experience and personal (including emotional) characteristics.Methodology and methods of the study was carried out on the basis of the study of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical scientific and methodological literature, which made it possible to develop the concept of psychological foundations. Results. Our research is educational in the management of emotions and feelings. The dynamic development of the results of our study of the emotional states of a personality, its experiences according to the author’s methods in the form of keeping an emotional diary since 1997, contributing to the self-development of a personality as a component of personal maturity, is presented.Conclusion. The practical value of the research within the framework of general psychology lies not only in the fact that the main directions for optimizing the process of emotional and moral development of a personality are identified, recommendations are substantiated for improving the specialization of people working with children, improving their professional skills, but also in developing a program for the psychological study of emotional and moral personality development (EMPD), diagnostics of specific and nonspecific emotional phenomena, which ensures timely correction of the EMPD process. The data obtained can be taken into account in schools and universities in the process of forecasting the moral atmosphere among adolescents and students, as well as the moral atmosphere of society in general.

Experimental and numerical study of shear strength on the slide zone soil by the coupling of seepage and shear test

The stability of reservoir landslides is determined by the strength of the slide zone. Using both experimental and numerical techniques to analyze the strength of the slide zone has been widely used in the research of reservoir landslides. However, few models consider the strength of the coupling between seepage and shear. This paper aims to analyze the shear strength of slide zone soil combined with different stresses by using the directed shear test and particle flow code PFC2D. The results indicated that slide zone soil clearly experienced the strain-hardening without seepage. While a specific strain-softening phenomenon was observed because the introduction of seepage reduced the shear strength significantly, the internal friction angle demonstrated a higher sensitivity to seepage stress compared to cohesion as the seepage stress increased. The direction and amount of flow velocity dynamically alter during the shear process, as revealed by numerical simulation results, suggesting that the shear strength was nonlinear with increasing seepage stress and changed structure. It can be assumed that seepage deterioration in the Huangtupo landslide is a dynamic process that influences the structure, strength and permeability characteristics.

ChatGPT in Higher Education: A Comprehensive Study of the Literature. Friend or Foe?

This paper presents a qualitative, high-quality State-of-the-Art (SotA) extended literature review on integrating ChatGPT, an advanced and contemporary natural language processing model, a sophisticated AI-powered chatbot that OpenAI developed in higher education. Snyder (2019, p.1) emphasised that "a literature review as a research method is more relevant than ever”. According to Barry et al (2022, p. 663), "the fundamental purpose of SotA literature review is to create a 3-part argument about the state of knowledge for a specific phenomenon: This is where we are now. This is how we got here. This is where we could go next”. This 3-part argument will underpin this study. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential to transform various sectors, including education, integrating AI-powered tools like ChatGPT to enhance teaching and learning has become a topic of significant interest. This study explores the diverse applications of ChatGPT in higher education, including pedagogical practices, student engagement, intelligent tutoring systems, personalised learning, language learning support, academic research, feedback, grading, and administrative support. Additionally, it identifies the challenges and ethical concerns this technology poses, focusing on bias, privacy, data security, reliability, accountability, accuracy and the balance between human interaction and artificial intelligence. Analysing the literature on ChatGPT’s role in higher education presents future directions for implementing it in higher education settings, ushering in an era of exciting possibilities. The research concludes that higher education institutions should provide clear and transparent guidelines for their staff and students on using ChatGPT responsibly for academic purposes to mitigate any ethical concerns.

“Going beyond the margin” work ecology model: A Filipino representation of gay instructional leaders in basic education

There has been an abundance of foreign studies on queer leadership in schools, but significantly fewer in the country. This study was initiated for this very purpose: to have a vivid description of who the Filipino gay instructional leader is as embodied in his/her work ecology model. Through the use of grounded theory, the inclusion criteria were employed to ensure a thorough exploration of the experiences of seven (7) gay instructional leaders in leading their units. The leaders were selected using theoretical sampling to develop categories that explain the specific phenomenon and form a rich and nuanced theory. Throughout the process, the researcher considered theoretical sensitivity, purposeful sampling techniques, constant comparison, theoretical saturation, and flexibility in data collection and analysis. Queer leadership, as was grounded in the data collected, meant being challenged by the culture of heteronormative leadership in the country, which includes (but is not limited to) encountering pressure to conform to traditional gender roles, navigating toxic work environments, and facing gender stereotyping and biased treatment. Further, Filipino gay instructional leaders are distinguished in their PRIDE qualities-- Passion, Resilience, Inclusivity, Diversified Role as a Leader, and Empowering Others. These qualities help them to serve and lead schools effectively. The "Going Beyond the Margin" work ecology model, created using these same grounded qualities of a Filipino gay leader, is centered on inclusivity and symbolizes the progress made by these leaders toward achieving complete acceptance and acknowledgment of what they can contribute. However, there remain some individual and systemic issues in leadership that the Filipino gay leader continues to traverse.

A retrospective file audit of concomitant disorders reported from a student-led pediatric stuttering clinic

ABSTRACT Stuttering in early childhood can co-occur with other disorders at variable rates. Retrospective file audits allow readily accessible data collection, on larger numbers, over longer periods of time. Files from dedicated stuttering clinics allow insights into specific phenomenon potentially not easily captured in prospective studies. This study aimed to present rates of reported concomitance in childhood stuttering from a student-led stuttering clinic and explore related case variable factors for children with and without reported concomitance. A retrospective file audit was conducted for children aged up to six years who attended a student-led stuttering clinic across a 13-year period. One hundred and eighty-one files were reviewed, 45.9% reported one or more concomitant disorders. The disorders most often concomitant with stuttering were SSD and DLD respectively. Nil differences between reported concomitant vs. non-concomitant cases were found in relation to stuttering severity or frequency. Reported concomitance rates are consistent with those previously reported in clinical populations. Concomitance may impact on timing of referral/commencement of treatment.

Strain-Induced Frequency Splitting in PT Symmetric Coupled Silicon Resonators.

When two resonators of coupled silicon resonators are identical and the gain on one side is equal to the loss on the other side, a parity-time (PT) symmetric-coupled silicon resonator is formed. As non-Hermitian systems, the PT-symmetric systems have exhibited many special properties and interesting phenomena. This paper proposes the strain-induced frequency splitting in PT symmetry-coupled silicon resonators. The frequency splitting of the PT system caused by strain perturbations is derived and simulated. Theory and simulation both indicate that the PT system is more sensitive to strain perturbation near the exceptional point (EP) point. Then, a feedback circuit is designed to achieve the negative damping required for PT symmetry. Based on a simple silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process, the silicon resonator chip is successfully fabricated. After that, the PT-symmetric-coupled silicon resonators are successfully constructed, and the frequency splitting phenomenon caused by strain is observed experimentally.

Using the Conditional Maximum Likelihood function with the genetic algorithm to estimate STARIMA models (pλ, d, qm)

Strategic planning for a specific phenomenon depends mainly on accurate prediction by developing a model to represent that phenomenon. Therefore, this research dealt with spatiotemporal series models such as the STARIMA model (pλ, d, qm) model when there is a spatial correlation for neighbouring sites and a spatial correlation for the same geographical location. The methods for estimating the parameters are the Conditional Maximum Likelihood method and the method of estimating the parameters using the genetic algorithm (MLEGA). These models were compared using the statistical comparison metrics (RMSE). The data represents the daily infections with the COVID-19 epidemic for (10) sectors on the Rusafa side of the city of Baghdad from 29/2/2020 until 25/4/2023; it was found that spatiotemporal series data consider the analysis of spatial relationships between geographic points, which allows for a better understanding of the development of phenomena across time and space. The applied results reached the superiority of the spatiotemporal model STARIMA (11,1,31) with the presence of spatial correlation of neighbouring sites using the genetic algorithm because it has a lower (RMSE), so it was used to predict the daily infections of the Covid-19 epidemic for (10) sectors on the Rusafa side of the city of Baghdad For the period from 26/2/2020 until 5/5/2023. Paper type :Research paper.

«Confrontation of fonts: Gothic vs Antiqua» in the language politics of the Third Reich

The article is devoted to the consideration of the script in the modern history of the German literary language, associated with the design of its normative graphics (graphemics), in particular the «font dispute: antiqua vs gothic» in the first half of the 20th century. For a significant period of historical development, the German literary language is marked by «cognitive dissonance» caused in the linguistic consciousness of its speakers by the collision of «conflicting» variants of Latin characters. The parallel use of various graphic variants of writing (diglyph), especially at the stage of the modern history of the German language, is marked by the influence of various extra-linguistic factors (ideology, confessional, cultural differences, national and state policies, etc.). A pressing issue is the consideration of the radical and controversial language policy in the totalitarian Third Reich in 1933–1945. Declaring Fraktur as a «national script», a symbol of identity and the embodiment of basic doctrines (unity of the nation and German-speaking ethnic groups, anti-Semitism, «struggle for culture», the idea of superiority), the National Socialists in 1941, at the stage of reorienting their policy towards «Eurocentrism», declared it replacement of the previously rejected antiqua as «normative German writing». The article provides a critical stage-by-stage analysis of the scenarios of the language policy of National Socialism in the «dispute about graphics», attempts to use a «compromise font» (Futura). Ideologemes associated with this practice are analyzed as lexical markers (Sprachregelung, Kulturkampf, Schrifttum, Judenlettern, deutsche Volksschrift/Normalschrift, etc.). The result of the study was the construction of a model of «font strategy» as a special linguistic-semiotic phenomenon of the language policy of the Third Reich. The conclusions note a peculiar reflection of the «font dispute» in different types of texts of 1933–1945 and in the military discourse of the Third Reich.

Cross-Linguistic Analysis of Speech Markers: Insights from English, Chinese, and Italian Speakers.

Cross-linguistic studies with healthy individuals are vital, as they can reveal typologically common and different patterns while providing tailored benchmarks for patient studies. Nevertheless, cross-linguistic differences in narrative speech production, particularly among speakers of languages belonging to distinct language families, have been inadequately investigated. Using a picture description task, we analyze cross-linguistic variations in connected speech production across three linguistically diverse groups of cognitively normal participants-English, Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), and Italian speakers. We extracted 28 linguistic features, encompassing phonological, lexico-semantic, morpho-syntactic, and discourse/pragmatic domains. We utilized a semi-automated approach with Computerized Language ANalysis (CLAN) to compare the frequency of production of various linguistic features across the three language groups. Our findings revealed distinct proportional differences in linguistic feature usage among English, Chinese, and Italian speakers. Specifically, we found a reduced production of prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns, and increased adverb use in the Chinese-speakers compared to the other two languages. Furthermore, English participants produced a higher proportion of prepositions, while Italian speakers produced significantly more conjunctions and empty pauses than the other groups. These findings demonstrate that the frequency of specific linguistic phenomena varies across languages, even when using the same harmonized task. This underscores the critical need to develop linguistically tailored language assessment tools and to identify speech markers that are appropriate for aphasia patients across different languages.

Allusion as a means of implementing intertextuality in English-language online film review

The article discusses ways to actualize allusion as an intertextual element. Intertextual inclusions in the texts of the film review are designed to illustrate the degree of professional competence of the reviewer and his interpretative qualities using the comparative analytical method. Allusion, being a stylistic device for the realization of intertextuality, contains a certain pretext. This pretext performs the function of a precedent phenomenon associated with some collective invariant component of linguistic consciousness. The purpose of this article is to consider in film review the ways in which allusion functions as an intertextual reference. The empirical material of this study was a corpus of 30 movie reviews from 2021–2023, taken from the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. Direct or indirect reference to a specific cinematic phenomenon not only increases the general erudition and awareness of the reader, but also serves as a means of providing a perlocative effect when reading this film review. Allusion, being a means of realizing the author’s pragmatic intentions, performs a comparative function by building intertextual references. The referents in film reviews are the names of films, directors, actors and other precedent units of the world of cinema.

A comparative analysis of an aerosol dry deposition microscale model for overhead powerlines insulators

Aerosol particles deposition on overhead power line insulators may significantly threaten electric systems, affecting dielectric properties and potentially causing surface discharges and service interruptions, leading to economic consequences. This study addresses this challenge by evaluating a dedicated microscale deposition model that integrated into an advanced air quality (AQ) modeling system. The microscale model integration into the AQ system aims to improve predictions of equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD), a key measure of insulator contamination. This enhancement is crucial for improving system resilience and reliability. The microscale model’s performance in reconstructing particulate matter (PM) deposition fluxes onto XP-70 porcelain-disk electrical insulator is assessed against measured ESDD data collected across various regions in Italy during several experimental campaigns. In order to better understand the specific phenomena impacting PM deposition, the microscale model is compared to the state-of-the-art Zhang deposition model used in CAMx. The analysis reveals that the microscale model tends to overestimate measured ESDD values and predicts higher deposition velocities than the Zhang model. These results suggest potential modelling differences between the two models, including variations in obstacle parameterizations, influence of particle aerodynamics, and dispersion modelling in the near-wall region.

Allophonic Variation in Romance Languages: Categorical and Gradient Processes

The distinction between categorical phonological alternations and gradual phonetic processes is an important one in the study of sound systems. However, the correct classification of specific phenomena as belonging to phonology or to phonetics is often difficult. In recent years some researchers have argued that many processes traditionally understood as phonological alternations actually belong to the realm of gradient phonetics. Here I focus on consonant lenition phenomena in Spanish and other Romance languages and examine the potential arguments for their traditional analysis as alternations between phonological categories.

Evolution of Flute Art: From Archaic Musical Traditions to the Present

The purpose of the work is to substantiate the evolution of pipe art as a special phenomenon from archaic musical traditions to the present. The methodology. Significant for this work were historical, analytical, musicological, and cultural methods, which were used to reveal various aspects of flute art, including its evolution, use in different cultural and social contexts, and its impact on the music culture of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by its analytical perspective, which represents a comprehensive view of the history and evolutionary development of pipe art from archaic musical traditions to the present. Conclusions. The presented materials reveal the evolution of pipe art and its role in the modern world of musical performance and musical genres. Attention is focused on changes in materials and construction when making a musical instrument. The advantages of the chromatic flute as a unique instrument with a wide range of performance and musical-tonal possibilities are argued. The study demonstrates the significance and relevance of flute art for contemporary cultural and musical environments, opening up new prospects for future research in musicology.

Social representations of young people about people with disabilities and disabilities in an inclusive educational environment: the experience of cross-cultural research

Relevance. Interest in the study of social representations arose due to the development of inclusion in all spheres of life. This fact has an impact on the specifics of training Russian and foreign students in this field in a medical university, the development of their inclusive competence. The study of cross-cultural features of social representations of persons with disabilities and the disabled, the identification of universal and specific phenomena in respondents will contribute to understanding social and psychological phenomena at the individual level that determine social attitudes and behavior of individuals in an inclusive modern society, taking into account its sociocultural characteristics.The purpose of the study is to study the cross-cultural characteristics of social perceptions of people with disabilities and people with disabilities among Russian and foreign students.Objectives: to analyze the content characteristics and approaches to the study of social representations; to develop programs of empirical research; to describe the results of the study; to formulate conclusions.Methodology. This study is based on the provisions of the theory of social constructionism (P. Berger, T. Lukman; J.Douglas); E. Durkheim's concepts of collective representations; theories of social representations (S. Moscovici, D. Jodelet, etc.). Research methods: theoretical analysis of literature, research interview, method of verbal associations, testing, content analysis.Results. Both similar and specific phenomena in social representations of people with disabilities and people with disabilities in the samples of Russian and foreign students were revealed. Similar is the presence of tolerant attitudes towards people with disabilities and people with disabilities in both samples. The differences relate to the social level of social perceptions, as well as the characteristics of social distance in relation to respondents to this category of citizens.Conclusions. Along with a tolerant attitude towards people with disabilities and people with disabilities, respondents have insufficient professional awareness of this category of citizens, experience difficulties in interacting with them at the level of joint activities and professional relationships, which requires the development of additional programs and practices in the context of social, educational and volunteer activities to develop inclusive competence of students.

Image of a person as a object of scientific and legal cognition

In the article, the author focuses on the relevance of the study of the image of a person as a special object of scientific and legal cognition, which requires a conceptual analysis through the prism of scientific views and approaches. It noted that in connection with the constant changes in the social and legal situation, the information space, and the development of digitization, the issues of determining the place of a person in the relevant processes, of fundamental human rights, as well as the appropriate level of adaptation of legislation to new realities are becoming more and more relevant. Understanding and studying of various concepts, scientific views regarding this issue will make it possible to clarify the peculiarities of the image of a person as an object of scientific and legal cognition. It is substantiated that in cognitive terms it is important to conduct an analysis of the studied phenomenon through the prism of scientific views and concepts, which will allow to generalize its characteristics andimprove the definition. This vector of scientific cognition will allow, first of all, to strengthen the methodological basis for further research of the human image, to define clear boundaries of the subject of scientific cognition, and to establish its cognitive patterns. The article analyzes the image of a person as a special phenomenon identifies, doctrinal approaches to its understanding. The author concluded that the legal aspects of the image of a person as a scientific research problem are research in legal science in a rather fragmentary manner, have a pluralistic nature of doctrinal understanding, require strengthening of scientific legal research, especially in of the general conceptualization of such scientific cognition, have an objectively determined cognitive nature, characterize by deep systemic and structural.

New perspectives on morphosyntactic variation in African youth language practices

Abstract Recent years have seen an increase in scholarly attention paid to youth language practices in Africa, with studies examining a range of linguistic phenomena. A parallel development has seen the emergence of work studying morphosyntactic microvariation in Bantu languages, with a view to better understanding structural variation in closely related languages or varieties. This special collection brings together those working in the fields of youth language practices and morphosyntactic variation in Bantu, with a view to exploring the synergies in these areas, as well as moving this domain of inquiry forward. The contributions are united by the authors’ commitment to addressing specific morphosyntactic phenomena which may have otherwise gone unnoticed, or which are less documented in the existing literature – in particular, in the scholarship on the respective base language or dominant language. We hope that the collection of papers both contributes to this body of work and inspires others to take up some of these issues in future research.

Microplastics stress alters microorganism community structure and reduces the production of biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds

AbstractDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a plentiful organic sulfur metabolite and the primary precursor for dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which plays a crucial role in global sulfur cycling, the formation of clouds, and cooling the warming earth. The origin and fate of DMSP are intricately linked to marine microorganisms, making the variation of the microorganism community crucial for DMSP dynamics. Nonetheless, the impact of pervasive marine microplastics on microorganisms and processes related to DMSP synthesis and degradation remains insufficiently investigated. To bridge this gap, a 14‐d deck‐based microcosm experiment was conducted, revealing that microplastics significantly altered the composition of microorganism communities and dramatically inhibited the release of DMS and DMSP. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the variations both in environmental variables and microorganism communities caused by microplastics were forcing factors in reducing DMS and DMSP release. In addition, the predicted function of the bacterial community showed a significant reduction in the presence of dddP and dmdA genes when exposed to microplastics, which directly disrupted both the demethylation and cleavage pathways of DMSP. These results indicate that the release of DMS and DMSP in marine ecosystems can be significantly affected by microplastics through influencing microorganisms. Thus, it is imperative to conduct research on controlling the synthesis and degradation of DMSP in the ocean, particularly in response to these environmental pollution issues. Such research can help discern new patterns from specific phenomena and identify crucial processes.