This study offers a global mechanical approach from filled rubber characterization and modeling to how this behavior affects vibratory structural simulations. This work focuses on the characterization and the modeling of the dynamic behavior of a filled rubber. Particularly the effects of frequency, static preload and amplitude of cyclic loading (i-e Payne effect) are studied. A new hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model is proposed and its linearization for a specific loading case in order to obtain a straight-forward stress–strain relationship in the frequency domain. After validation of the implementation, this model is used in vibratory cantilever beam simulations of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) laminates containing constrained rubber layers. Damping capability is then linked to the non-linear behavior of the rubber material.