Length Specific Growth Rate Research Articles

The Effect of Depth on Growth and Survival of Abalone Shells (Haliotis sp.) with A Multi-Level System

Abalone shells (Haliotis sp.), known as seven-eyed shellfish, are a type of gastropod. Abalone shells have high economic value accompanied by high market demand. The selling price of abalone reaches Rp. 250,000 (shells and meat). To optimize abalone cultivation activities with a long growth time, one method is needed for cultivating abalone shells in KJA (Floating Net Cages), namely using a tiered system in one hanger with different depths, namely 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m and 5m. so that it can increase land efficiency in cultivation activities. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyze the effect of depth on the growth and survival rate of abalone shells (Haliotis sp.) using a multilevel system. The method used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental method with five treatments and three replications. The results of the research conducted showed that the results of the anova test on absolute length growth, specific length growth rate, absolute weight growth, specific weight growth rate, and survival of abalone shells (haliotis sp.) showed that they had no real influence (>0.05) on the maintenance of abalone shells. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that using a tiered system at different depths does not have a real effect on the growth of abalone shells because the water quality conditions at a depth of 1-5 meters are optimal so they can support the growth of abalone shells.

Pengaruh Penambahan Ampas Tahu Dan Keong Mas (<i>Pomacea canaliculata</i>) Pada Ratro Pellet Komersil Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele (C<i>larias gariepinus</i>)

The need for fish food is one of the essentials that can determine the level of success of the fish growth and development process. This research aims to analyze the effect of a combination of pelleted feed and animal feed on the growth and survival of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The research was carried out for 60 days, at the Mataram University fish production and reproduction laboratory using an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely: A: 100% commercial feed (control), B: Fish Pellets 50% + Golden Snail 25% + Tofu Dregs 25%, C: Fish Pellets 25% + Golden Snails 50% + Tofu Dregs 25, D: Fish Pellets 25% + Golden Snails 25% + Tofu Dregs 50% and E: Fish Pellets 34% + Keong Mas 33% + Tofu dregs 33%. Test parameters include absolute weight, absolute length, specific weight growth rate, specific length growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed utilization efficiency and survival and water quality. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan test. The results of this study showed that the best growth and survival of catfish was found in the treatment with 34% commercial feed, 33% golden snails and 33% tofu dregs (P4) with an absolute weight of 15.09 g, an absolute length of 7.05 cm , the specific weight growth rate was 3.86%/day, the length growth rate was 1.3%/day, the feed conversion ratio was 1.18, the feed efficiency rate was 85.91% and the survival rate was 73.33%. The proximate test results showed that the highest content was found in the treatment given 25% commercial feed, 50% golden snails and 25% tofu dregs (P2) with a dry content of 36.39%, crude fiber 10.86% and crude protein 31.48%.

Dual Role Of Streptomyces Strains: Reduction of Aeromonas Counts In Both Culture Water And The Intestine, And Growth Enhancement of Discus Fish (Symphysodon sp.)

Discus fish (Symphysodon sp.) brings the largest export turnover to the ornamental fish industry in Vietnam. The intensive farming of discus fish to meet export market demand leads to a higher risk of bacterial disease, with Aeromonas being the main infectious agent. Continuous antibiotic use exerts selective pressure, fostering the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains capable of causing diseases in fish. Streptomyces sp. considered as probiotics with the role of replacing antibiotics in applications such as promoting growth, improving survival rates, and controlling pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The primary objective of this study was to assess the influence of Streptomyces sp. on the growth performance, and Aeromonas density in intestine of discus fish and in culture water. Discus fish fed diets containing Streptomyces sp. TM1, TM7, and TM22 showed significantly higher growth parameters (45.24 - 58.72% of final body weight - FBW, 14.8 - 16.66% of final body length -FBL, 16.03 – 20.87 % of specific growth rate of weight – SGRW, 10.79 - 12.05 % of specific growth rate of length – SGRL, and 41.48 – 46.54 % of feed conversion ratio – FCR) compared to the control. Additionally, total Aeromonas densities of the fish treated with TM1, TM7, and TM22 showed a notable decrease compared to the control treatment in the rearing water with log CFU/ml values of 4.517 (Control), 2.554 (TM1), 2.571 (TM7), 2.222 (TM22) and in the intestines of fish with log CFU/g values of 5.597 (Control), 3.828 (TM1), 3.806 (TM7), 3.648 (TM22). Streptomyces sp. TM1, TM7, and TM22 could decreased total Aeromonas count in the gut of discus fish and in the rearing water, and boost the growth performance of discus fish (Symphysodon sp.).

Evaluation of enriched freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus as first feed on growth performance, nutrient availability and fatty acid composition of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) larvae

Climbing perch, A. testudineus (Bloch, 1792), is a widely consumed fish in Asian nations due to its high nutritional value and delicate meat. The main obstacles to the spread of its cultural practises are a scarcity of high-quality seed and larval rearing due to the low survival rates in the initial stages of larval development. The key to improving the seed production of this species may lie in strategies to improve larval survival in the early stages. As a result, the goal of current study was to evaluate the impact of vitamin C, selenium, and highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) enriched Brachionus calyciflorus on the development, nutrient availability, and fatty acid profile of climbing perch larvae. A total of 180 numbers of 3 days post-hatch (dph) larvae (0.021 ± 0.001 mg) were uniformly distributed among five treatments in triplicates. The larvae were fed thrice a day for 15 days with selenium (D1), vitamin-C (D2), HUFA (D3) and combination of selenium-vitamin C- HUFA enriched (D4) and non-enriched rotifer (C). The proximate analysis of various enriched and unenriched B. calyciflorus groups revealed that the vitamin C and HUFA-enriched treatment groups, respectively, had the highest percentages of crude protein (7.50%) and crude lipid (2.51%). Whereas, larvae fed a combination of selenium-vitamin C- HUFA enriched (D4) rotifer showed the highest percentages of crude protein (12.40%) and crude lipid (1.81%). The findings of the fatty acid analysis demonstrate that feeding Se-VC-HUFA enriched B. calyciflorus to larvae resulted in significantly greater concentrations of Eicosapentaenoic acid (9.38%) and Docosahexaenoic acid (11.05%) that are 3.07 and 7.67 times higher, respectively, than feeding unenriched B. calyciflorus to larvae. The highest DHA/EPA ratio (1.18) was also observed with larvae fed Se-VC-HUFA enriched B. calyciflorus. The survivorship analysis revealed that the D4 treatment group fed a combination of Se-VC-HUFA-enriched B. calyciflorus had the highest survival (37.41%) and the lowest (18.70%) observed in the control group. The highest average body weight gain and increased growth (30.79 ± 1.11 mg) were seen in the fishes given the rotifer supplemented with D4 group, which performed substantially better than the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Weight-specific growth rate (W-SGR) and Length-specific growth rate (L-SGR) of the fish exhibited similar trends across all treatment groups, whereas significantly (P < 0.05) lowest condition factor was observed in D4 (2.63 ± 0.01) and highest in control group (3.21 ± 0.01). The results showed that larvae fed with enriched rotifer had significantly higher (P < 0.05) growth, nutrient availability, and fatty acid profile compared to un-enriched rotifer. The ideal first food for A. testudineus larval growth and survival must be a combination of Se-VC-HUFA enriched B. calyciflorus.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF Tor soro JUVENILE

Tor soro is one of the most economically important native freshwater fish species in Indonesia. Nonetheless, the insufficient data regarding its salinity tolerance makes a thorough investigation of this issue imperative. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on the growth and physiological response of Tor soro juveniles at optimum salinity levels. This study used Tor soro (total length: 5.0±0.08 cm; initial weight: 2.0 ± 0.06 g) with five salinity level treatments of, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppt, and the stocking density of 15 fish per aquarium (three replications). Fish were maintained for 30 days and fed with commercial aquafeed. In this study, the best growth was found in 2 ppt (length gain: 0.37 ± 0.05 cm; weight gain: 0.23 ± 0.01 g; specific growth rate in length: 1.38 ± 0.16 % day-1; specific growth rate in weight: 0.78 ± 0.05% day-1) which is significantly higher than 4, 6, and 8 ppt (p&lt;0.05), but it is not significantly different from 0 ppt (p&gt;0.05). The results of the physiological response showed that there were no significant stress responses in Tor soro juvenile for all salinity treatments (p&gt;0.05). there was no effect of 2 ppt salinity on the growth parameters compared to controls, but salinities above ppt had a significant detrimental effect. Exposure to salinities did not have any stress effect as shown by physiological indicators.

Replacement of Artemia franciscana Nauplii by Moina minuta Neonates as Live Food on the Larviculture of Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare -Schultze, 1823) and Severum (Heros severus - Heckel, 1840)

The present study aimed to assess the potential substitution of Artemia franciscana nauplii with Moina minuta neonates as the initial feed for angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) and severum (Heros severus), evaluating the fish growth performance, live food cost, and intestinal histomorphometry. To achieve this goal, two separate experiments were carried out for each species during 20 days, using 200 postlarvae. Both experimental designs consisted of five treatments, namely, 100% A. franciscana nauplii (A100-M0); 75% A. franciscana nauplii and 25% M. minuta neonates (A75-M25); 50% A. franciscana nauplii and 50% M. minuta neonates (A50-M50); 25% A. franciscana nauplii and 75% M. minuta neonates (A25-M75); and 100% M. minuta neonates (A0-M100), with four replications (10 postlarvae per repetition). Angelfish postlarvae fed with A100-M0, A75-M25, A50-M50, and A25-M75 had better values of final length (13.31 mm, 14.15 mm, 13.32 mm, and 13.32 mm), gain in length (7.91 mm, 8.75 mm, 7.92 mm, and 7.92 mm), and length-specific growth rate (4.51% day−1, 4.82% day−1, 4.51% day−1, and 4.51% day−1). In the case of severum postlarvae, the highest length growth performance occurred in those fed with A100-M0 (15.86 mm, 8.90 mm, and 4.12% day−1), A75-M25 (15.45 mm, 8.49 mm, and 3.99% day−1), and A50-M50 (14.78 mm, 7.82 mm, and 3.76% day−1). Both species (angelfish and severum postlarvae) fed with A100-M0 and A75-M25 presented higher values of final weight (28.88 mg and 34.49 mg; 55.84 mg and 53.95 mg), gain in weight (27.56 mg and 33.08 mg; 51.03 mg and 49.14 mg), and weight-specific growth rate (15.42% day−1 and 16.30% day−1; 12.26% day−1 and 12.09% day−1). Live food cost for angelfish and severum postlarvae was higher in A100-M0 (US$ 0.92 and US$ 1.08) and lower for the ones in A0-M100 (US$ 0.36 and US$ 0.35). Severum postlarvae fed with A100-M0 (57.20 µm), A75-M25 (55.66 µm), and A50-M50 (54.27 µm) presented the highest intestinal villi heights. Thus, partial replacement of A. franciscana nauplii by M. minuta neonates in the proportion of A75-M25 or 100A-0M is viable and effective during the first feed of these fish species.

Pemanfaatan Tepung Lemna sp. dan Enzim Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs) Pada Pakan Ikan Tambakan (Helostoma temminckii)

Lemna sp. is one of the local raw materials that can be used to substitute fish flour and soybean meal in fish feed formulation because its protein contain. However, protein plant-based in fish feed formulation need additional enzyme (exogenous) such as Non starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzyme which able to increase feed digestibility. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of NSP enzyme to Lemna sp. flour in feed formulation for kissing gouramy’s growth and feed efficiency. This research has been conducted at the Experimental Pond Laboratory, Aquaculture Study Program and Laboratory of Chemical and Microbiology of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Juvenile kissing gourami 4±0,5 cm in length were used and culture in certain condition which was temperature 25-27 °C, pH 6, dissolved oxygen &gt; 2.5 mgL-1 and ammonia &lt;0.1 mgL-1. The Rovabio Excel AP10 T-Flex were used as NSP enzyme. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 4 treatments (Tn) and 3 replications, namely the addition of Lemna sp. flour 0% without enzyme (T0), addition of Lemna sp. flour 0% with enzyme (T1), addition of Lemna sp. flour 5% without enzyme (T2), addition of Lemna sp. flour 5% with enzyme (T3). NSP enzyme dose is 1 g/kg feed material. The results showed that T3 gave the best results with absolute weight growth 0.91 g, absolute length growth 0.63 cm, specific weight growth rate 1.35% day-1, specific length growth rate 0, 41% day-1, survival 100%, and feed efficiency 28.59%.

PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA TERHADAP LAJU PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILEM (Osteochilus hasselti) YANG DIPELIHARA PADA SISTEM BIOFLOK RASIO C/N 20

Biofloc technology is an alternative in overcoming the problem of feed waste in hard-lipped barb culture media. The decline in hard-lipped barb production was caused by limited knowledge and traditional aquaculture. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of different feeding levels on the ratio of C/N 20 on the growth of hard-lipped barb (Osteochilus hasselti). This research was conducted in May 2021-June 2022 with a trial period of May-June 2021. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments (feeding rate 1%, feeding rate 3%, feeding rate 5%) and 4 replications. Parameters observed included specific length growth rate (SLGR), specific weight growth rate (SWGR), feed efficiency (FE), and survival rate (SR). Water quality parameters (DO, temperature, Ammonia, CO2, and pH) were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the different levels of feeding with a C/N ratio of 20 had a significant effect on SLGR, SWGR, FE, and SR. SLGR in the treatment of FR 1% (0.17±0.03), FR 3% (0.28±0.03), and FR 5% (0.32±0.01). SWGR in treatment A (0.33±0.06), B(0.95±0.04), and C(1.53±0.11), FE at 1% FR treatment (16.85±1, 12%), FR 3% (25.04±0.73%), and FR 5% (30.95±1.87%). SR in the treatment of FR 1% (55.83%), FR 3% (59.16%), and FR 5% (68.33%). FR 5% treatment had the highest growth rate compared to FR 1% and FR 3% treatment. The water quality during the 40-day trial period was still within normal limits for Nilem fish cultivation in the biofloc system.

Effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in freshwater media

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the ratio of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with different doses on the growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in freshwater media. This research was conducted by experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameter studied was how the effect of the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Magnesium Sulfat (MgSO4) lime with different doses in the maintenance container with 5 treatments and 3 replications, so that 15 experiments were obtained. The treatments applied were: Treatment 1 (P1) Seawater without the addition of calcium and magnesium, P2 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2, P3 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 40 ppm MgSO4, P4 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 80 ppm MgSO4, and P5 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 120 ppm MgSO4. The results showed that the highest survival rate using fresh water was at P4 which was 82%, the specific weight growth rate was 3.9%, and the specific length growth rate was 2.6%. the value of the feed conversion ratio is 0.8. For water quality parameters, the temperature ranges from 30.4-30.60C, water pH 7.2-8.2, DO 6.4-6.6 mg/L, Alkalinity 68-72 ppm, and Ammonia 0.1 mg /L.Keywords: Ca(OH)2; Freshwater; MgSO4; Vannamei Shrimp

Effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in freshwater media

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the ratio of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with different doses on the growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in freshwater media. This research was conducted by experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameter studied was how the effect of the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Magnesium Sulfat (MgSO4) lime with different doses in the maintenance container with 5 treatments and 3 replications, so that 15 experiments were obtained. The treatments applied were: Treatment 1 (P1) Seawater without the addition of calcium and magnesium, P2 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2, P3 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 40 ppm MgSO4, P4 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 80 ppm MgSO4, and P5 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 120 ppm MgSO4. The results showed that the highest survival rate using fresh water was at P4 which was 82%, the specific weight growth rate was 3.9%, and the specific length growth rate was 2.6%. the value of the feed conversion ratio is 0.8. For water quality parameters, the temperature ranges from 30.4-30.60C, water pH 7.2-8.2, DO 6.4-6.6 mg/L, Alkalinity 68-72 ppm, and Ammonia 0.1 mg /L.Keywords: Ca(OH)2; Freshwater; MgSO4; Vannamei Shrimp

PENGARUH BUBUK DAUN KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) TERHADAP PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GUPPY (Poecilia reticulata)

Indonesia has biodiversity and one of which is the diversity of ornamental fish species both marine and freshwater. One type of freshwater ornamental fish is quite in demand, namely guppies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding tropical almond leaf powder to the growth performance of guppies. This study used an experimental method with the addition of tropical almond leaf powder. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely treatment A (without the addition of tropical almond leaf powder/control), B (tropical almond leaf powder with a dose 0,13 g/L), C (tropical almond leaf powder with a dose 0,26 g/L), D (tropical almond leaf powder with a dose 0,40 g/L), E (tropical almond leaf powder with a dose 0,53 g/L), and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of 5% with a 95% confidence interval and continued with the Duncan test. The result showed that the addition of tropical almond leaf powder had a significant effect on the parameters of absolute weight growth, specific weight growth rate, absolute length growth, specific length growth rate, feed conversion ratio, bacterial abundance and oxygen consumption level. Yet, it did not have a significant effect on the parameters of the survival rate of guppies. The best dose of tropical almond leaf powder obtained in this study was in treatment C (0,26 g/L).Keywords: Growth Performance, Guppies, Tropical Almond.

Pengaruh Kedalaman yang Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Kerang Mutiara (Pinctada maxim) dengan Sistem Terintegrasi di Perairan Teluk Ekas Kabupaten Lombok Timur

Integrated cultivation is a cultivation activity that combines several commodities that have different trophic levels, pearl oysters can be a commodity to absorb organic matter because they are filter feeders. With this system, the condition of the bay's waters is ex-fertile. So that the location can be a location for pearl oyster cultivation because it has abundant food availability for pearl oysters and this greatly affects its growth and survival. The availability of this food is influenced by the depth factor. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal depth to produce maximum granules, both in terms of quality and quantity in Ekas Bay waters. This study used 4 treatments (1, 5, 10, and 15 m) with 4 replications, for 45 days. The parameters measured were absolute length growth, specific length growth rate, absolute weight growth, specific weight growth rate, and survival of pearl oyster spat (Pinctada maxima). The results showed that the ANOVA test results of absolute length growth, specific length growth rate, absolute weight growth, specific weight growth rate, and survival of pearl oyster spat (Pinctada maxima) showed significantly different results (P&lt;0.05). The optimal depth for growth and survival of pearl oyster spat (Pinctada maxima) in Ekas Bay waters is at a depth of 5 m (P2) with an absolute length growth of 9.05 mm, a specific length growth rate of 1.43%/day, an absolute weight growth of 0.32 g, specific weight growth rate of 6.26%, and survival rate of 76%. So it can be concluded that different depths (1, 5, 10, 15 m) have a significant effect on the growth and survival of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) in Ekas Bay waters.

Combination effect of atonic growth regulator with PES (Provasoli Enrich Seawater) on Seaweed (Eucheuma Cottonnii) growth

Eucheuma cottonii is a type of seaweed that has been cultivated. Factors that can inhibit seaweed cultivation are weather, and the solution is tissue culture. Seaweed tissue culture requires explants with adequate nutrition. The use of growth regulators and PES fertilizer is expected to meet the nutritional requirements. The research aimed to analyze the effect of the combination of atonic growth regulator and PES (Provasoli Enrich Seawater) media on the growth of Eucheuma cottonii. The research was designed in a method using the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 4 treatments consisting of K (atonic growth regulator 0 ppm and PES 0%), A (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 1%), B (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 2%) and C (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 3%). The seaweed used in this experiment was Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 0,093±0,008 grams and an initial length of 2,08±0,01 cm. The result of this research can increase the growth of Eucheuma cottonii. In conclusion, the combination of 15 ppm atonic growth regulator and 3% of PES in culture media could increase the survival rate, weight-specific growth rate and length specific growth rate of Eucheuma cottonii explant.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Growth, Swimming Performance, Antipredation Ability and Immune Parameters of Juvenile Rock Carp (Procypris rabaudi).

Simple SummaryThe artificial release of hatchery fish has not achieved expected results, mainly due to the low survival rate of the fish after being released into the natural environment. Many studies have shown that the implementation of pro-released training can improve the survival rate of hatchery fish. Rock carp (Procypris rabaudi) is a rare breed of fish in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The aim of this study is to investigate whether aerobic exercise training has positive effects on the growth, swimming ability, antipredation ability and immunologic function before releasing the species into the wild. The findings from this study indicate that the training regime at close to 2–4 bl s−1 for 20 h per day for 42 days prior to release might be a suitable strategy to promote the survival rate of released juvenile rock carp in the wild.Many studies have found that aerobic exercise training at a moderate water velocity can improve the growth, swimming performance and survival rate of fish. To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on the growth, swimming performance, antipredation ability and immune parameters of rock carp, juveniles were placed in training channels with different water velocities (i.e., 3 cm s−1, 1 (body length s−1) bl s−1, 2 bl s−1 and 4 bl s−1) for 6 weeks. Then, the specific growth rate, critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and its metabolism, constant acceleration speed (Ucat), survival rate under predation, spleen index, lysozyme (LZM) activity and immunoglobulin (IgM) level were measured. Training showed no significant effect on the length-specific growth rate, weight-specific growth rate, Ucrit, maximum metabolic rate (MMR), metabolic scope (MS), Ucat or spleen index. The resting metabolic rates (RMRs) of the 2 bl s−1 and 4 bl s−1 training groups were significantly higher than those of the control group and 1 bl s−1 training group. The survival rate of the 1 bl s−1 training group in the presence of predators was significantly higher than that of the control group but significantly lower than those of the 2 bl s−1 and 4 bl s−1 training groups. The LZM activity of the 4 bl s−1 training group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The IgM level of the 2 bl s−1 training group was significantly higher than that of the control group. These data indicate that aerobic exercise training does not improve the growth and swimming performance of juvenile rock carp but can improve their antipredation ability and immunologic function.

SINTASAN DAN PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN GLASS EEL (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) YANG DIPELIHARA DENGAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA BERBEDA

Typical constraints on eel cultivation are high mortality and slow growth rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the best light intensity for the increase in the survival rate and growth of glass eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor). This research was conducted at Multi-Species Hatchery (MSH) Environmental Technology Research Installation and Toxicology of Freshwater Aquaculture Cibalagung, Bogor City. The research design used is a Complete RandomIzed Plan (RAL) of four treatments and three replication. Treatment A (250 Lux), treatment B (500 Lux), treatment C (750 Lux), treatment K (Without light intensity). Glass eel is kept for 50 days. The parameters and data analyzed statistically include specific growth rate (SGR), absolute length growth, absolute weight growth and survival rate (SR). The data is analyzed using a variety analysis (ANOVA). If obtained, a significant result (P&lt;0.05) is conducted Duncan multiple range test. In addition, water quality parameters (DO, temperature and pH) are descriptively analyzed. Based on the results of the experiment, light affects the growth of both length and weight. The optimal light intensity for long growth and weight loss, i.e. C (750 Lux) treatment, produces the highest value and differs markedly from the A (250 Lux), B (500 Lux) and K (No light intensity) treatments in absolute weight growth parameters (0.37± 0.01 g), the rate of growth of specific weights (1.76±0.01 % / day), the total length (1.8±0.14 cm) and the specific length growth rate (3.41±0.05 % / day). However, for the highest contention obtained in treatment K (without light intensity) with a value of 66%, the value produced a result that differed markedly from other treatments.

The Effect of Red Paprika Juice (Capsium annum) Addition into the Feed to Brightness of The Red Comet Fish Colour (Carassium auratus)

This study aims to determine the color change of comet fish (Carasium auratus) after being given additional feed in the form of red paprika juice. Measurement of the fish color was carried out every 10 days for 1 month and visual observations were made with digital photos and analyzed the colors using Adobe Photoshop CS4 software. In this study, different concentrations of paprika juice were used. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD).There were 5 treatments, namely P0 without the addition of red paprika juice (control), P1 with the addition of 2% paprika juice, P2 with the addition of 4% paprika juice, P3 with the addition of 6% paprika juice, and P4 with the addition of 8% paprika juice, which was performed on 3 times for each. The research data were analyzed using statistical analysis Unvariate One Way Analysis of Variance at 5% level with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the highest increase in color quality was obtained in the P3 treatment with an average value of 63.85 ± 2.12, the highest specific weight growth rate was obtained in P3 treatment with an average value of 60.825 ± 0.59 days, the highest specific length growth rate was obtained atP3 treatment with an average value of 1.37 ± 0.28 grams, while at the survival rate there is a significant value or not significantly different. The conclusion of this study is the effect of adding red paprika juice in the feed affects the color quality and specific growth rate, while the survival rate is not affected. Furthermore, the dose of red paprika juice added to the feed can improve the color quality of comet fish with the highest value found in P3 (with the addition of 6% paprika juice), namely 63.85.

PEMANFAATAN Spirulina platensis UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN DAN KETAHANAN TUBUH IKAN ZEBRA (Danio rerio)

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of different concentration of Spirulina platensis supplementation on artificial feed for zebrafish (Danio rerio) to increase growth performance and immunity from environmental pressure. The experimental research was carried out from October until November 2020. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of S. platensis different concentration supplementation on artificial feed for zebrafish (Danio rerio) to increase growth performance and immunity from environmental pressure. The experimental research was carried out from October 2020 until November 2020 at Aquaculture Laboratory, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Banten. This research used a complete randomized design (CRD) consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications. Control was commercial pellet which no S. platensis enriched (A), pellet enriched with 3% of S.platensis (B), pellet enriched with 6% of S. platensis(C), and last treatment were pellet enriched with 9% of S.platensis (D). The results showed that treatment C was the best dosage of S. platensis for zebrafish rearing for 40 days both growth and immunity performance. Absolute length, Specific growth rate of length, Absolute weight, Specific growth rate of weight were significantly different, but survival rate were not significantly different which were 0.646±0.112g, 0.714±0.10g, 0.102±0.020%, 1.422±0.215%, 100% respectively. Immunity performance was shown by the stress test at low pH. It was also significantly different when exposed to pH at 5 ppt among the treatment. Treatment C was the highest survival rate which was 63.33±5.77% after stress test at low pH.

Features of growth and development of egg cross chicken embryos «Lomann Brown»

Purpose:to study morphometric parameters of absolute values of linear and weight body sizes, specific growth rate and relative (allometric) growth of chicken embryos of the «Lohmann Brown» egg cross at different stages of embryogenesis.Materials and methods.The absolute values of linear and weight body sizes of chicken embryos were estimated using morphometric methods. The formula of I. I. Schmalhausen and S. Brody was calculated the specific growth rate of length and body weight of chicken embryos by the formula simple allometry — relative (allometric) growth of body length from body mass.Results.This is manifested in the increase in the specific growth rate of body length of the embryo at 5 days of the late-fetal stage, 8th, 10th, 12th day of the early-fetal stage and specific growth rate of body mass for 6 days of the late-fetal stage of the late-fetal stage, 10-th and 12-th day of the early-fetal stage. At all stages of embryo development, there is a negative allometry of the relative growth rate of the embryo body length, except for 14 days of the mid-fetal stage, where negative isometry was observed (b=-1,000). Higher values of the power coefficient reflecting the slower growth of the embryo in length relative to their body weight, observed in late-fetal stage at 5-6 days (b=0,913-0,995), in early-fetal stage — 10-e (b=0,960) and 12 days (b=0,928), in mid-fetal stage — 13-th (b=0,821) and 15 days (b=0,981) and late-fetal stage — 20 days (b=0,836).Conclusion.New knowledge derived from this study can be applied not only in research, but in the poultry industry to assess the impact of preincubation processing of eggs on the development of embryos and embryonic mortality at different stages of embryogenesis, the definition of normal and abnormal development of embryos, as well as to assess the impact of other factors, artificial incubation on embryo development, hatchability of eggs and safety of poultry.

Comparative characteristics of morphometric indicators of growth and development of egg-type chicken embryos at different stages of embryogenesis

The article presents a comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of growth and development of chicken embryos from hybrid poultry egg productivity at different stages of embryogenesis. In the embryos of Loman Brown, compared with Haysex Brown, there was a statistically significant increase in absolute values of length and body weight at all stages of embryonic development. In late-fetal stage length and weight body of embryos, Lohmann Brown was more on 0,339 cm (P&lt;0,001) and 0,167 g (P&lt;0,01), in early-fetal stage - on 0,713 cm (P&lt;0,01) and 1,282 g (P&lt;0,01), in mid-fetal stage - on 0,673 cm (P&lt;0,001) and 4,226 g (P&lt;0,001), in late-fetal stage - on 0,245 cm (P&lt;0,001) and 6,437 g (P&lt;0,05), respectively. By the late-fetal stage of development, the specific growth rate of length and mass in chicken embryos of both crosses decreased. The specific rate of body length is statistically significantly higher by 0.099% (P&lt;0,05) in the mid-fetal stage and by 0.171% (P&lt;0,001) in the late-fetal stage of Haysex Brown embryos. Specific body mass sizes in the late-fetal stage of cross Haysex Brown embryos are 3.356% larger (P&lt;0,01) than in Loman Brown embryos. At all stages of embryogenesis, the growth rate of the body length of the Haysex Brown and Loman Brown embryos is characterized by negative allometry. Slower growth in length relative to body weight in the late embryonic stage is observed in the embryos of Haysex Brown (b=0,500). In subsequent stages of development, chicken embryos of two different crosses show the same negative allometric growth in body mass length relative to their weight.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIET MIXTURESS, SEGREGATION AND REFUGES ON LARVAL REARING OF Wallago attu (BLOCH &amp; SCHNEIDER, 1801)

In order to elucidate the effects of feeding, segregation and refuges on the growth of freshwater catfish, Wallago attu, post-hatch larvae were fed with live zooplankton alone (moina) or combination between moina and one of the following food: commercial pellets or minced trash fish or cow liver. For impacts of segregation and refuges on the growth of W. attu, these treatments were applied seperately or in combination between segregation and refuges. The results indicated that final total length – (TLe: 54.0 ± 2.16 mm), specific growth rate of length – (SGRL: 15.6 ± 0.52%), final body weight – (BWe: 273.3 ± 23.7 mg) and specific growth rate of weight – (SGRW: 32.9 ± 0.97%) of fish fed with cow liver in treatment were significantly higher than that of other treatments (p&lt;0.05). Size variation of fish fed with cow liver (CVL: 4.0 ± 0.16% and CVw: 8.7 ± 0.81%) and minced trash fish (CVL: 4.6 ± 0.22% and CVW: 8.9 ± 0.78%) were less than moina treatment alone (CVL: 9.0 ± 0.8% and CVw: 24.2 ± 5.64%) and commercial pellets (CVL: 7.1 ± 0.51% and CVw: 12.0 ± 1.5%). Segregation and combination between segregation and refuges reduced the cannibalism among the larvae in comparition with the other treatments. The treatments without refuges and non-segregation showed the highest cannibalism ratio (29.8%). There was no significant difference in the mortality between treatments ranged from 23.8% to 27.3% (p&gt;0.05).