Species Of Poa Research Articles

A critical overview of species of the genus Poa (Poaceae) in the flora of Ukraine

A brief synopsis of the genus Poa in the flora of Ukraine is presented, which includes 25 species, including those previously not reported in Ukrainian literature (P. egorovae, P. humilis, P. klokovii, P. paczoskii) or reported under other names: P. balfourii (instead of P. janczewskii), P. media and P. laxa (instead of P. ursina). A number of species-rank names are reduced to synonyms: P. biebersteinii, P. erythropoda, P. podolica, P. polonica, P. stepposa, P. fagetorum, P. hypanica, P. sylvicola, P. volhynensis, P. turfosa auct. The species P. egorovae, P. supina remain taxonomically doubtful. The electronic online databases for Ukraine do not recognize Poa klokovii, which, however, merits recognition as a species.

Poa pindariensis, a new species of Poa subg. Stenopoa (Poaceae, Poeae) from Western Himalaya, India

Poa pindariensis, a newly discovered species of Poa (family Poaceae) from Pindari Valley, Western Himalaya, is described and illustrated. Within the genus Poa, the new species belongs to P. subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos, and morphologically similar to P. trivialis by the sickle shape of lower glume but differs from the latter in characteristic features of habit, leaf sheath, ligules, panicle and spikelet. Additionally, data on its distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting are given along with photo plates and distribution maps.

Lectotypification of names of three species of Poa (Poaceae) and their morphological affinities

Poa aitchisonii, P. falconeri and P. wardiana are lectotypified with nomenclatural notes. In absence of proper icons with analysis, worked out plant parts of two species from voucher specimens are provided as photoplates. Due to high degree of variability and in absence of concrete morphological features to distinguish species, morphological affinities of the three species with that of other close species are provided.

New records and key to Poa (Pooideae, Poaceae) from the Flora of Southern Africa region and notes on taxa including a diclinous breeding system in Poa binata.

Four species of Poa L. are newly reported for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa, Poa compressa L., P. iconia Azn., P. infirma Kunth and P. nemoralis L. This is the first report of P. iconia from Africa. Vouchers at PRE of P. bulbosa L. all belong to var. vivipara Koeler, those of P. iconia belong to var. iconia and the one of P. trivialis L. belongs to var. trivialis. Two subspecies are recognised in P. pratensis L.: subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) H.Lindb. and subsp. pratensis. We also designate a lectotype for P. iconia and second-step lectotype for P. leptoclada Hochst. ex A.Rich. and report the first recording of a diclinous breeding system in P. binata Nees. Our account updates the treatment in Identification Guide to Southern African Grasses (Fish et al. 2015) including a key to the taxa and notes on infrageneric taxonomy, DNA subtypes, ecology, chromosome numbers and breeding systems.

Breeding systems and phylogeny in Poa, with special attention to Northeast Asia: The problem of Poa shumushuensis and sect. Nivicolae (Poaceae)

AbstractPoa sect. Poa subsect. Nivicolae (Prob.) Tzvelev was circumscribed to include four species of the Soviet Union: Poa shumushuensis, Poa caucasica, Poa irkutica, and Poa veresczaginii. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear‐ribosomal DNA revealed that it is polyphyletic, none of these species are closely related. Poa shumushuensis, type of sect. Nivicolae, or its ancestor, likely displayed the nrDNA genotype characteristic of the higher polyploid P. sect. Malacanthae. Genotype codes are designated for each species: Hx, C c, Php, and Shp. Poa sect. Nivicolae s.s. is restricted to P. shumushuensis; P. sect. Irkuticae is restricted to P. irkutica; P. caucasica is moved to P. subg. & sect. Caucasicae nov.; and P. sect. Dschungaricae is resurrected for P. veresczaginii and two other species. Although diclinous breeding systems are known in many western hemisphere species of Poa, dicliny is infrequent and little studied in Asian Poa. Poa shumushuensis is judged to be either sequentially gynomonoecious or gynodioecious. A ratio of 2 perfect‐, to 2 mixed‐, to 1 pistillate‐flowered inflorescences from different plants in P. shumushuensis is suggestive of a recessive allele for stamen suppression, and this is associated with subtle sexual‐dimorphism. Poa irkutica is diclinous with a breeding system between simple gynomonoecy and sequential gynomonoecy; P. caucasica is perfectly flowered; and P. veresczaginii has infrequent abortive anthers, indicative of limited dicliny, or sterility for other reasons possibly related to its reticulate origin. In total, 23 Asian species are here reported to be diclinous and their breeding systems are characterized. A lectotype is designated for P. fauriei.

К изучению карликовых ксероморфных мятликов (Рoa L.) секции Stenopoa Dumort. на территории Республики Алтай

К изучению карликовых ксероморфных мятликов (Рoa L.) секции Stenopoa Dumort. на территории Республики Алтай

Phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of PoasubgenusPseudopoa (including Eremopoa and Lindbergella) (Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae).

Eremopoa is a small genus of annual grasses distributed from Egypt to western China. Phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA show that Eremopoa species, together with the monotypic genus Lindbergella and a single species of Poa (P.speluncarum), are nested within the genus Poa, in a clade that we accept as Poasubg.Pseudopoa. Here we accept seven species, four subspecies and four varieties in Poasubg.Pseudopoa. Five new combinations are made: Poaattalica, P.diaphora var. alpina, P.diaphora var. songarica, P.nephelochloides and P.persicasubsp.multiradiata; P.millii is proposed as a replacement name for E.capillaris; and Poa sections Lindbergella and Speluncarae are proposed. We provide a diagnosis for Poasubg.Pseudopoa, synonymy for and a key to the taxa. Eight lectotypes are designated: Eragrostisbarbeyi Post, Eremopoanephelochloides Roshev., Glyceriataurica Steud., Nephelochloatripolitana Boiss. & Blanche, Poacilicensis Hance, Poaparadoxa Kar. & Kir., Poapersicavar.alpina Boiss and Poapersicasubsp.cypria Sam. Eremopoamedica is re-identified as a species of Puccinellia.

Poa laegaardiana, a new species from Ecuador (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poinae).

Poa laegaardiana sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species was found growing on sandy, volcanic soil in Festuca-Calamagrostis dominated grasslands southwest of Ambato and 2.2 km from Fecundo Vela in Provincia de Bolivar. The new species is morphologically similar to Poa gigantea but differs in having glumes 3/4 to 7/8 as long as the adjacent lemmas, a callus with a sparse, short, dorsal tuft of woolly hairs, culms 50–72 cm tall and spikelets 4.1–4.8 mm long. In addition, we include a key to the narrow-spikelike panicled species of Poa in Ecuador.

Bluegrasses (Poa L., Poaceae) of Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, an annotated checklist

ABSTRACT Thirty four species of genus Poa L. are reported on the territory of Yakutia, two of them are represented by several subspecies. Poa sergievskajae Prob. and P. ochotensis Trin. are reported there for the first time, as well as four species — P. angustiglumis Roshev., P. attenuata Trin., P. subglabriflora Roshev., and P. trivialis L. were excluded, being erroneously reported previously. The key for identification and new species Poa orienti-sibirica sp. nov. is presented here. The new species is morphologically close to P. stepposa (Krylov) Roshev. and P. skvortzovii. It differs from P. stepposa by pilose rachilla, and from P. skvortzovii by a long, more than 1.8 mm, ligule.

A new species of Poa L. (Poaceae) from Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales

A new species of Poa, P. mireniana N.G. Walsh & K.L. McDougall sp. nov., currently known only from lower, western slopes in the Kosciuszko National Park near Talbingo is described and illustarted. Its

Disturbance ecology of Tasmanian highland grassland — an overview and implications for conservation management

Active manipulation of disturbances such as fire and grazing is often necessary to maintain or enhance biodiversity values in grasslands. However in many instances information is lacking on the disturbance regimes most likely to achieve conservation aims. This paper provides an overview of the effects of fire and grazing in Tasmanian highland grasslands, and the implications of these for conservation management of this vegetation. In Tasmania, highland grassland is defined as occurring above 600 m above sea level. The vegetation is typically dominated by species of Poa. Highland grassland is grazed by a suite of native herbivores and has a history of stock grazing, which continues at some sites of high biodiversity value. There is evidence that Indigenous Tasmanians regularly burnt highland grasslands and that Indigenous burning was instrumental in maintaining grassland at sites that otherwise would be forest. For highland grasslands below 1000 m asl, a reduction in the biomass of dominant grasses through disturbance is necessary in order to maintain plant species diversity. The use of periodic fire, together with native grazing, is likely to be beneficial in this regard. The combination of fire and grazing is also likely to prevent woody plant invasion and maintain vegetation structural heterogeneity. The near ubiquity of native grazing species means there is no ecological imperative for stock grazing. Low productivity of grasslands occurring above 1000 m means that competitive exclusion of interstitial species by grasses is unlikely and therefore active application of disturbance as a management tool will rarely, if ever be necessary. Disturbance management should be accompanied by a well-designed monitoring program and regular review of the management strategy

Новые виды рода Poa (Poaceae) из Восточной Сибири и с Дальнего Востока России

Seven new species of Poa L. are described from the Russian Far East (3) and from East Siberia (4): P. pseudoradula Prob. (sect. Malacanthae) and P. kabalanica Prob. (sect. Poa) from Kamchatka; P. schmidtiana Prob. et Barkalov (sect. Malacanthae) from Sakhalin; P. tuvinensis Prob. (sect. Poa) from Republic of Tyva; P. salinostepposa Prob. (sect. Poa) from Transbaikalia; P. janaensis Prob. and P. superlanata Prob. (sect. Poastena) from Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Phylogenetic relationships among low-ploidy species of Poa using chloroplast sequences.

Species of the genus Poa are taxonomically and genetically difficult to delineate owing to high and variable polyploidy, aneuploidy, and challenging breeding systems. Approximately 5% of the proposed species in Poa are considered to include or comprise diploids, but very few of those diploids are represented in seed collections. Recent phylogenetic studies of Poa have included some diploid species to elucidate Poa genome relationships. In this study, we build upon that foundation of diploid Poa relationships with additional confirmed diploid species and accessions, and with additional chloroplast sequences. We also include samples of P. pratensis and P. arachnifera to hone in on possible ancestral genomes in these two agronomic and highly polyploidy species. Relative to most species of Poa, Poa section Dioicopoa (P. ligularis, P. iridifolia, and P. arachnifera) contained relatively large chromosomes. Phylogenies were constructed using the TLF gene region and five additional chloroplast genes, and the placement of new species and accessions fit within chloroplast lineages previously reported better than by taxonomic subgenera and sections. Low-ploidy species in the P chloroplast lineage, such as P. iberica and P. remota, grouped closest to P. pratensis.

An updated checklist and key to the open-panicled species of Poa L. (Poaceae) in Peru including three new species, Poa ramoniana, Poa tayacajaensis, and Poa urubambensis.

We provide an updated checklist and key to the 30 Poa species with open panicles from Peru which includes previously circumscribed Dissanthelium and Aphanelytrum species, new taxon records, and three undescribed species. Poa compressa, Poa grisebachii, and Poa leioclada are recorded from Peru for the first time. A number of species are placed in synonymy: Poa carazensis, Poa ferreyrae and Poa tovarii are synonymized under the name Poa fibrifera; Poa adusta (tentatively) and Poa pilgeri are synonymized under Poa candamoana; Poa superata is synonymized under Poa grisebachii; and Poa paramoensis is synonymized under Poa huancavelicae. Included within this treatment are three new species, Poa ramoniana, Poa tayacajaensis and Poa urubambensis, which are described and illustrated. Poa ramoniana, found growing near lakes in high elevation Puna grasslands of Junín, is similar to a small form of Poa glaberrima, but differs in having rhizomes and growing to only 5 cm tall. Poa tayacajaensis, found from shrublands on Andean slopes of Huancavelica and Huánuco, bears similarities to Poa aequatoriensis but differs in having shorter lemmas which are pubescent between the veins, densely scabrous sheaths with smooth, glabrous throats, and shorter ligules. Poa urubambensis, a common element of the undisturbed Polylepis forest understory of the Cordillera Urubamba, Cusco, is distinct from all other members of open-panicled Poa’s by having glabrous lemmas with a smooth and glabrous callus, and notably small anthers. The type material for the name Poa adusta is discussed and a lectotype is selected.

Two New Species ofPoa(Poaceae) from the Altai Mountains, Southern Siberia

Two new putative hybrid species of Poa, P. navashinii Nosov and P. levitskyi Nosov are described and illustrated. They were found in the southeastern Altai Mountains (southern Siberia, Russia), on a riverbank and in dry mountain steppe. Both of them resemble the species of sect. Stenopoa (a xerophytic group) but have some traits that suggest hybridization with species of other sections, presumably sect. Poa or Malacanthae. Intersectional reticulation with formation of new taxa occurs in mountain regions though species of the sect. Poa s. stricto and sect. Stenopoa cross rather rarely. Our data add support to a significant role of hybridization in the phylogeny of Poa and the Poeae tribe in general.

Phenotypical variation and taxonomic correlates of five closely related Andean species of Poa (Poaceae) along geographic and climatic gradients

Poa anfamensis, P. jujuyensis, P.lilloi, P. parviceps and P. scaberula (Poaceae) are a group of morphologically similar species. These species inhabit cool grasslands and mesic puna. They are highly polymorphic and their circumscriptions are uncertain, especially the entities around P. scaberula. Univariate and multivariate analyses (PCA and DA) were conducted to evaluate the morphological variation among 150 herbarium specimens identified as P. anfamensis, P. jujuyensis, P. lilloi, P. parviceps and P. scaberula. Forty morphological characters were included and their patterns of variation were analyzed among specimens, together with their relationship with environmental variables, using correlation analysis. The relationships between morphological variation and geographical distance, and climatic variables among specimens, were compared with Mantel permutation tests. Taxa were delimited according to the observed clustering of specimens in the PCA plots and DA, and diagnostic characters were identified. The five taxa showed continuous morphological variation. Morphological variation is explained by geographical and climatic factors such as elevation, geographical distance, latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, temperature and precipitation in the different sites in the Andes. Altitudinal and geographical distance are apparently more decisive factors in phenotypic differentiation and could have played a large role in interspecific differentiation among Poa entities, as shown by the stronger and significant association between vegetative and reproductive phenotype and altitudinal distance, and between vegetative and reproductive phenotype and geographical distance. In addition, we observed uncoupling among vegetative and floral characters in Poa specimens that grow along environmental gradients; these characters are responding independently to different abiotic forces promoting genetic divergence and speciation. Based on the results, P. anfamensis and P. parviceps are synonymised with P. scaberula, and P. jujuyensis is synonymised with P. lilloi.

Distribution of morphological diversity within widespread Australian species of Poa (Poaceae, tribe Poeae) and implications for taxonomy of the genus

Taxonomic uncertainty exists regarding the circumscription of the following seven phenotypically similar Australian species: Poa crassicaudex Vickery, P. hookeri Vickery, P. labillardierei Steud., P. phillipsiana Vickery, P. poiformis (Labill.) Druce, P. porphyroclados Nees (including P. serpentum Nees) and P. sieberiana Spreng. Multivariate ordination and clustering analyses of morphological data were conducted and the distribution of morphological diversity among taxa was assessed for congruence with current taxonomic boundaries. One-way analyses of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference tests were applied to identify continuous characters that differentiate taxa. Utility of morphological characters was assessed in light of the distribution of variation among and within taxa. Revisions of P. labillardierei, P. porphyroclados and P. sieberiana circumscriptions are proposed. Accounting for nomenclatural priority, proposed revisions include recognition of P. porphyroclados vars. acris, labillardierei, porphyroclados, and. serpentum, P. sieberiana var. cyanophylla Vickery at species rank, and P. phillipsiana at varietal rank within P. sieberiana. Species boundaries are supported by leaf, culm, panicle, spikelet and floret dimensions. The present study enables increased accuracy in taxonomic identifications for Poa species that are keystones in a range of grassland vegetation types, including critically endangered natural temperate grassland and eucalypt woody grassland ecosystems, therefore contributing to the effective biodiversity monitoring and management of these ecosystems.

Новые виды злаков (Poaceae) с Дальнего Востока России и их числа хромосом

Four new species of Poa L. and one new species of Arundinella Raddi are described from the Russian Far East. Chromosome numbers are specified for the most of them.

The origin of polyploid genomes of bluegrasses Poa L. and Gene flow between northern pacific and sub-Antarctic Islands

The involvement of present-day diploid bluegrass species in the formation of polyploid genomes was investigated using comparison of sequences of internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, and the 5.8S rDNA sequence. It was demonstrated that highly polyploid New Zealand bluegrasses, P. cita (2n = 84; ca. 96 to 100), P. chathamica (2n = 112), and P. litorosa (2n = 263 to 266) formed separate highly supported clade together with tetraploids (2n = 28) P. intrusa, P. anceps, and P. trioides (Austrofestuca littoralis). Among the diploid species (2n = 14), the closest relatives of these species, as well as of the polyploid species of section Poa, are the genomes of Eurasian species P. remota, P. chaixcii (sect. Homalopoa), P densa (Bolbophorum), and P. sibirica (sect. Macropoa). Nuclear genomes of polyploid Stenopoa, Tichopoa, Oreinos, and Secundae are definitely related to the genome of Arctic species P. pseudabbreviata (sect. Abbreviatae). On the contrary, judging by the genes for nuclear 45S rRNA, genomes of diploid P. trivialis (sect. Pandemos), P. annua, and P. supina (sect. Ochlopoa both) are only remotely related to the genomes of highly polyploid species (distances p between them and other bluegrass species from different sections of subgenus Poa constitute 6-10% and 11-15%, respectively). The conclusion on the relationships between highly polyploid and diploid bluegrass species was tested using analysis of synapomorphic mutations in the 5.8S rRNA gene. It was demonstrated that genomes of Poa eminens (2n = 42) and P. schischkinii (2n = 70) (sect. Arctopoa both) were noticeably different in ITS regions from the genomes of the members of the type subgenus Poa. A comparison of the Arctopoa ITS regions showed that the differences between them constituted only 0.2%. At the same time, p distances between the Arctopoa ITS and those from the species belonging to other sections of the genus Poa varied from 5 to 14%. South American species P chonotica (sect. Andinae) (=Ncoraepoa chonotica) (2n = 42) was found to be related to Arctagrostis, Festucella, and Hookerochloa, being at the same time quite distant from the other species of the genus Poa. Polymorphic in chromosome number highly polyploid species of Northern Hemisphere, P. arctica (2n = 42 to 106), P. turneri (2n = 42, 63 to 64), and P. smirnovii (2n = 42, 70) (sect. Malacanthae) are relative to a large group of tetraploid (2n = 28) endemic bluegrass species from New Zealand and sub-Antarctic islands (P. novae-zelandiae and allied species).

General Intercalation of Poly(oxyalkylene)−Amidoacids for Anionic and Cationic Layered Clays

The same poly(oxyalkylene)−amidoacids (POA−amidoacid) were incorporated into two different types of ionic clays, anionic layered-double-hydroxides (Mg−Al LDH), and cationic montmorillonite (MMT). Conventionally, the intercalation is an ionic exchange reaction, i.e. anionic organic salts for LDH and cationic salts for MMT. The successful intercalation using the neutral species of POA−amidoacid implies the existence of a new mechanism for clay intercalation. We prepared the POA−amidoacid from the reaction of maleic anhydride and poly(oxyalkylene)−diamine (POA−amine) with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic POA-backbones of 600−4200 molecular weight. The intercalation has resulted in the expansion of the clay basal spacing from 7.8 to 63 Å for LDH and from 12.4 to 51 Å for MMT, with a high Bragg’s regularity of XRD analyses. It appears that the driving force for the intercalation and organic incorporation into the silicate interlayer galleries is dissimilar to the counterion exchange but involving noncovalent bonding between amidoacid functionalities and ≡SiOH species in clay. The intercalation without ionic exchange reaction is effective for generating new clay hybrids with thermal responsiveness in water.