Fridericia Species Research Articles

O GÊNERO Fridericia (BIGNONIACEAE): COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E POTENCIAL BIOLÓGICO

THE GENUS Fridericia (BIGNONIACEAE): CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL. The genus Fridericia belongs to the family Bignoniaceae and comprises 60 species that occur in humid to dry forests, cerrado, and caatinga vegetation. It may be found from Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil. This article reviews studies conducted on this genus, primarily focusing on its chemical composition and biological activities. Of the 60 known Fridericia species, only 14 have been the object of chemical and biological studies, accounting for 23% of the researched species. Eighty-four compounds, mainly flavonoids, terpenes, xanthones, and phenylethanoids, have been isolated from these species. The biological properties described in this review include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, healing, antiproliferative, trypanocidal, and antileishmania activities. Notably, the species F. chica has been the most studied, as it is listed in the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System (RENISUS).

The enchytraeid fauna (Enchytraeidae: Clitellata) of the Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve (China) with description of two new species

ABSTRACT The first ever survey of the enchytraeid fauna in the Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve (Guizhou, China) yielded a total of eight species, two of them new to science: Xetadrilus prolixglandus sp. nov. and Hemienchytraeus tenuiculus sp. nov. One unidentified and possibly new species of Fridericia and five additional species, Achaeta brevivasa, Enchytraeus buchholzi, Fridericia loretensis, Henlea perpusilla and Hemienchytraeus stephensoni, are recorded and described, based on the collected material. The species records include morphological descriptions and molecular data (the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the nuclear histone 3 (H3) gene). http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40F089F9-F332-438F-9A3F-4E25A877BDFE

Taxonomic revisions in Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) II: the “Neomacfadya” clade

Fridericia is a large genus of neotropical lianas with a complicated taxonomy. The genus is monophyletic and well supported by molecular characters, but lacks distinctive morphological synapomorphies, complicating its recognition. Species of Fridericia are distributed among six well-supported clades. As part of a series of taxonomic revisions of each clade of Fridericia, we present a taxonomic revision of the “Neomacfadya” clade. This group is broadly distributed through the Neotropics and includes species with glandular fruits and long-tubular calyces that are usually laterally split. We recognize 11 species for which we provide an identification key, typifications, morphological descriptions, illustrations, phenology, maps, comments on distribution and habitats, as well as suggest the conservation status for all species. We lectotypify six names (Arrabidaea ateramnantha, A. craterophora subvar. glabrescens, A. craterophora subvar. velutina, Bignonia hispida, Scobinaria amethystina and S. japurensis). We correct the typification of A. lenticellosa Bureau & K. Schum. and B. arthrerion, provide a second-step lectotypification for B. pearcei and a neotypification for Paragonia schumanniana. We also correct information associated with the type of A. oligantha and synonymize this name in F. japurensis. We further reject A. craterophora var. obtusifolia and exclude one name previously treated in Fridericia (Tecoma moritziana). Citation: Kaehler M. & Lohmann L. G. 2022: Taxonomic revisions in Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) II: the “Neomacfadya” clade. – Willdenowia 52: 247–271. Version of record first published online on 22 September 2022 ahead of inclusion in August 2022 issue.

Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Cave research in Hungary has developed a lot in the last decade. As a part of this progress, enchytraeid specimens were collected from Hungarian caves and were subsequently characterized by comparative morphological and molecular taxonomic analyses. Molecular phylogenetic studies based on ITS, CO1 and H3 sequences and morphological results confirmed that these specimens represented two species new to science. The descriptions of Fridericia baradlana sp. nov. and Fridericia spelaeophila sp. nov. are presented in this paper.

Fine tuning the circumscription of Fridericia (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)

AbstractThe plant family Bignoniaceae has a complicated history of supra‐specific level systematics. In the past decade, molecular phylogenetic studies have contributed substantially to an improved circumscription of clades at all taxonomic levels, especially at the generic and tribal levels. For instance, a molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bignonieae reconstructed a polyphyletic Arrabidaea, and proposed a new circumscription for members of the Arrabidaea & Allies clade. Within this new classification, most species previously included in Arrabidaea were distributed among four genera: Cuspidaria (19 spp.), Fridericia (67 spp.), Tanaecium (17 spp.), and Xylophragma (7 spp.). The taxonomy of Fridericia, the genus that received most species of Arrabidaea, remains complicated due to the high morphological variability and broad distribution of its species. Here, we used molecular data and a broad sampling of taxa within the Arrabidaea & Allies clade to reconstruct the phylogeny of Fridericia. We then studied the morphology of all species of Fridericia and identified morphological synapomorphies that characterize major clades that represent meaningful units for future taxonomic studies. Most genera included in the Arrabidaea & Allies clade were retrieved as monophyletic; however, two species of Fridericia were reconstructed within Cuspidaria, while three species of Fridericia were placed within Tanaecium. The molecular phylogenetic placements received additional support from morphology, and the necessary taxonomic changes are proposed. We combine three species of Fridericia into Tanaecium (T. dichotomum comb. nov., T. paradoxum comb. nov., T. parviflorum comb. nov.), two species into Xylophragma (X. claussenii comb. nov., X. corchoroides comb. nov.), two species into Cuspidaria (C. bracteolata comb. nov., C. monophylla comb. nov.), and one species of Adenocalymma into Fridericia (F. trichoclada comb. nov.). We also synonymize Fridericia whitei into Cuspidaria pulchra. We present a key for the seven main clades identified within the genus, as well as a detailed morphological description for Fridericia and its major lineages.

Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type.

One enchytraeid species, proved to be new to science, is described in this paper as Fridericia ventrochaetosa sp. nov. The new species is distinguished from similar species, especially from F. galba (Hoffmeister, 1843), which has almost the same type of spermatheca, on the basis of morphological characters and molecular data (nuclear ribosomal ITS region, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear histone 3 gene sequences). Apart form the new species, GenBank reference sequences are provided for the first time for F. hegemon and F. regularis. The results show that, although the shape of the spermatheca is a very important marker in the case of Fridericia species, other characters can be equally important for their taxonomic identification.

New enchytraeid species from Mount Hallasan (Jeju Island, Korea) (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta).

The enchytraeid fauna of Mt. Hallasan (Jeju Island, Korea) was studied in 2016, and 21 enchytraeid species were recorded and identified in total. A combination of morphological and molecular analyses (based on CO1, ITS and H3 sequences) was applied. Here we give descriptions of eight new species of Enchytraeidae (Clitellata): Achaeta koreana sp. n., Achaeta macroampullacea sp. n., Bryodrilus hallasanensis sp. n., Chamaedrilus baekrokdamensis sp. n., Enchytronia seongpanakiensis sp. n., Mesenchytraeus jungsaihoi sp. n., Xetadrilus jejuensis sp. n. and Xetadrilus aphanoides sp. n. Additionally, two species were found to be new for the Korean fauna in Mt. Hallasan: Fridericia cf. paroniana Issel, 1904 and F. perrieri (Vejdovský, 1878); three potentially new Fridericia species require further studies. Furthermore, two terrestrial polychaetes, Hrabeiella periglandulata Pižl Chalupský, 1984 and Parergodrilus heideri Resisinger, 1925, were recorded. For 12 enchytraeid species, DNA sequences are presented for the first time: these include, apart from the new species, further taxa such as species of Xetadrilus, a genus of which no sequences were previously available.

On the enchytraeid fauna of Kőszeg Mountains with description of a new Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae).

On the enchytraeid fauna of Kőszeg Mountains with description of a new Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae).

First record of terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) in Versailles palace’s park, France

France can be qualified as terra incognita regarding terrestrial enchytraeids because very little data has been recorded so far in this country. In spring and autumn 2016, enchytraeid communities were investigated in a loamy soil in a meadow located in the park of Versailles palace, France. In total, twenty four enchytraeid species were identified, belonging to six different genera i.e. eleven Fridericia species, four Enchytraeus species, four Achaeta species, two Buchholzia species, two Marionina species and one Enchytronia species. According to the published data, this was one of the highest diversity found in a meadow in Europe.

Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania.

We give descriptions of three new Fridericia species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Transylvania, Romania. Fridericia transylvanica sp. n. is a large-sized worm with a maximum of 4 chaetae per bundle. The spermathecae are separate entally and have two sac-like diverticula bent distad with the ampulla forming a common U-shaped sperm-containing chamber. The species was found not only in the Transylvanian Plateau but also in different regions of the Carpathians in Romania and Serbia. Fridericia gyromonodactyla sp. n. is medium-sized with a maximum of 3 chaetae per bundle. There are only four pairs of preclitellar nephridia. The spermathecal ectal duct is contractile and shorter than the body diameter; each ampulla has only one diverticulum, elongate and coiled, and there is one sessile gland at the orifice. Fridericia longeaurita sp.n. is large-sized with 4(5) chaetae per preclitellar bundle but only two or one in postclitellar bundles. The spermathecal ectal duct is shorter than the body diameter, with one small and sessile ectal gland at the orifice. Each ampulla has two long, ear-shaped, and sac-like diverticula. None of the three species were rare at the sites where they occurred.

Pollen morphology of Fridericia Mart. (Bignoniaceae) from Brazilian forest fragments

A pollen morphology study of 10 Brazilian native species of Fridericia (Bignoniaceae) from forest fragments was performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, in search of new characters that might increase knowledge of pollen morphology of the species, and also to help the taxonomic characterization of the genus. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, photographed, and described qualitatively. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate statistics. Non-acetolysed pollen grains were observed under scanning electron microscopy for further details of exine and pollen surface. The pollen grains are isopolar, medium to large, with circular to subcircular amb, oblate-spheroidal to subprolate, tricolporate, with long colpi, constricted or not, sometimes with margo, rounded or truncated at the polar ends, endoaperture lalongate, and microreticulate to reticulate exine, sexine thicker than nexine. The results indicate a stenopalynous genus, however, in some cases, it is possible to identify the studied species by the pollen morphology. Morphological considerations are also discussed.

Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963.

Five new species of terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Clitellata) are described from an experimental field area in Portugal. Achaeta coimbrensis sp. nov. belongs to a group of species without pyriform glands and with lateral spermathecal ectal pores. Fridericia sousai sp. nov., F. roembkei sp. nov., F. marginata sp. nov., and F. ciliotheca sp. nov. have a maximum of four chaetae per bundle and two spermathecal diverticula, a character combination shared by c. 30 other species of this genus. The new Fridericia species are distinguished from these congeners by combinations of characters, but the ventral pattern of the clitellum alone is sufficient to separate the new species from each other. Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963 is redescribed, this being the first record after the original description and the first record from a natural habitat. Further 16 species of enchytraeids are recorded, and there are now 32 species of enchytraeids known from Portugal.

Extension of employing ITS region in the investigation of Hungarian Fridericia species

Same species of genus Fridericia (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) collected from different localities, can have small differences in their morphology, for example, the number of nephridia or length and width of the spermathecal ectal duct. During the identification of enchytraeid worms, several characteristics were investigated at the same time but presence of small variations in only one or two main characteristics can cause taxonomic difficulties or may raise the possibility of encountering a subspecies. Using molecular biological techniques can help answer these questions. In preceding researches of the authors ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) came into focus. ITS is mainly a non-coding region of ribosomal DNA located between the 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Based on these previous studies, in the present analysis, the authors extended their investigation to include examination of the morphology and genes of various Fridericia species from different parts of Hungary. Phylogenetic trees were also created by Maximum Parsimony (MP), Neighbor-Joining (NJ), and Bayesian analyses. In the present study, we established that molecular biological techniques are suitable to confirm that individuals from the same species (but collected from different places) have the same genetic profile, while very similar species can be shown to clearly segregate on the phylogenetic tree based on the divergence of certain external or internal characteristics. Even though partial sequences give us only rough information about the phylogenetic position of the species, our aim is to show how the ITS region is suitable to investigate closely related enchytraeid worms and to differentiate the morphologically similar species.

Review of the Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) possessing two spermathecal diverticula and description of a new species

A new Fridericia species (Fridericia lacii sp. nov.) is described. Including this new species the number of valid Fridericia species with two diverticula per spermatheca is 50. The present study provides an opportunity for the comparison and separation of Fridericia species on the basis of spermatheca and diverticulum characteristics. Nine tables summarize the two larger groups and five subgroups of species possessing bidiverticulate spermathecae. The new species is distinguished from all known valid congeners in this assemblage by the following combination of traits: (1) 4–7 mm long, 200–290 µm wide (in vivo) with 30–36 segments; (2) maximum four chaetae per bundle; (3) all pairs of pharyngeal glands with ventral lobes, the third is the largest with posterior projections; (4) only three pairs of preclitellar nephridia; (5) oesophageal appendages type a; (6) mucocytes type a, lenticytes small; (7) chylus cells in preclitellar segments; (8) clitellum girdle‐shaped, glands in transverse rows, between the bursal slits only granulocytes; bursal slit is longitudinal; (9) seminal vesicle small or absent; (10) sperm funnel one‐half as long as the body diameter, collar narrower than the funnel body; (11) subneural glands absent; (12) the ampulla of the spermatheca with two sessile (or with short stalks), spherical, thin‐walled diverticula, communication with the oesophagus separate, ectal duct about as long as body diameter, one floppy ectal gland at the orifice.

Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCR­RFLP

Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCR­RFLP

Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCR-RFLP

A new species, Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. was described and compared by DNA fragment analyses (PCR-RFLP), with two similar species, Fridericia ratzeli (Eisen,1872) sensu Nielsen & Christensen (1959) and F. eiseni Dózsa-Farkas, 2005. The main characteristics of the new species are: 13–20 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, segment number: (38)–40–56, spermatheca with 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula, long and thick ectal duct, and two very large (80–130 µ m long) egg shaped ectal glands. Maximum ten chaetae per bundle, typical brown reticulate epidermal gland cells noticeable on the body surface. The oesophageal appendage is variable between type-a and type-c (according to Möller 1971) the branches are located proximally. The seminal vesicle is large, the penial slit is longitudinal with more transverse components. Three subneural glands in XIV–XVI. The new species was collected only in the Zemplén Mountains in Hungary, in similar biotopes (between and under the leaf-litter) to those of the common F. ratzeli. It may be hypothesized that it fills the ecological role of F. ratzeli because, although all three compared species occurred in this area, F. ratzeli was very seldom found and never together with the new species. The three species were also examined by molecular methods. Which confirmed the existence of three distinct species. Both morphological and molecular studies indicate that F. ratzeli is still not a homogeneous species. It seems that the applied molecular methods help distinguish morphologically very similar species.

Fridericia larix sp. nov. (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Irish soils

A new species of Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) is described from soils in Ireland. It was found during sampling campaigns in the framework of a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus ( Schmelz, 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abh. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg, N.F. 38, 1–415, figs. 1–73 ), but it was not included in that study. Fridericia larix sp. nov., named in reference to the type locality, belongs to the large and taxonomically difficult group of species with two diverticula per spermatheca. It is distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) a maximum of four chaetae in ventral preclitellar bundles; (2) oesophageal appendages poorly branched; (3) no pharyngeal glands in segment VII; (4) coelomocytes without refractile vesicles; (5) clitellum girdle-shaped, cell distribution alike on all sides; (6) bursal slit of male copulatory organ mainly transverse; (7) no subneural glands; (8) spermathecal diverticula not stalked. Further distinguishing characters are: (9) an asymmetrical arrangement of chaetae in the first lateral postclitellar bundles, with one large chaeta and one small chaeta per bundle (Fig. 1b, “lc XVI”); (10) the length ratio of spermatozoa to spermatozoal nuclei (6:1–7:1); and (11) a wavy inner surface in parts of the epithelium of the spermathecal ampulla (Fig. 1i, arrow). See also Electronic Supplement at: http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/05-05.htm

Two New Species of Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Changbaishan Mountain, Jilin Province, China

Two New Species of Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Changbaishan Mountain, Jilin Province, China

Associations of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in Experimentally Fertilized Grasslands

(1) The enchytraeids in forty grassland fertilizer plots of different ages were identified. (2) Two plots were extremely acid owing to the continuous application of ammonium sulphate and only a few Marionina clavata survived this treatment. Two other plots were anomolous. (3) Thirty-six plots were classified on the basis of the proportionate abundance of species by indicator species analysis and four groups were obtained. These were a small group of acid plots with Cognettia sphagnetorum dominant or unique, a group of plots established on peat with species of Henlea and C. sphagnetorum dominant and two other groups with a diverse enchytraeid fauna. The first of these contained the controls and the slightly acid fertilizer plots where C. sphagnetorum, Cognettia glandulosa or Enchytronia parva were abundant or dominant and the second contained those plots which had received farmyard manure or neutral inorganic treatments where species of Fridericia or Enchytraeus were abundant and C. sphagnetorum was only poorly represented or absent. (4) Detrended correspondence analysis gave weighted mean species and plot scores for three axes and the latter were correlated with the treatments and some characteristics of the plots. Lime, pH, disturbance and yield were most significantly correlated with one or other of the first three axes.

Some New Illinois Enchytraeidae

In this paper we first describe two new species of Fridericia from Urbana, Illinois. The major part of these descriptions was contained in a thesis offered by the junior author in 1911 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master's degree from the University of Illinois. We next extend the description of Fridericia agilis Smith and add a number of rather important characters not previously given. Finally, we describe a new species of Marionina from Urbana, Illinois, which is the first member of this genus reported from the United States.