Species Of Epidendrum Research Articles

Epidendrum manusalinasiae (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), new species from the high Andean forests of Manu National Park, Cusco, Perú

We describe and illustrate a new species of Epidendrum from the high Andean forests of Manu National Park, Cusco. Epidendrum manusalinasiae belongs the Saxicola group. Information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status is provided. The new species is compared with E. churubambense, E. herreranum and E. tetartociclium from which it is distinguished by having leaves elliptic to widely elliptic, flowers pale yellow to green, sepals sometimes tinged red-brown, column and calli creamy yellow, lip disc with large, fleshy thickened, forming wide cordiform platform, wider than mid-lobe and reaching its base and mid-lobe whit distal portion plicated forward, whit a sub-lobed appearance in natural position.

Epidendrum scandens: an unusual new orchid species endemic to the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica

We describe and illustrate a new species of Epidendrum from the montane forests on the Cordillera de Talamanca, in Costa Rica. Epidendrum scandens is unusually among the ‘Rugosum subgroup’ of ‘Ramosum group’ in the plants forming large mats, composed of elongate, scandent, climbing stems that are notoriously branching and flexuous, becoming liana-like. The 2–3-flowered inflorescence is extremely discrete in relation to the stem, it bears typical yellowish-green flowers partially hidden by large floral bracts. The triangular lip is unusual in the conspicuous apical thickening. A taxonomic description, illustration, distribution map and conservation status are provided for the new species.

Three new species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from the cloud forests of Chota, northern Peru

Epidendrum acuntasiorum and E. retrolobatum belonging to the Ferreyrae group, and E. bicornialpicola member to the Alpicola group are described and illustrated as new species. The three new taxa were collected in the montane cloud forest of La Palma, located in the districts of Conchán and Chota, department of Cajamarca, Peru. Information concerning distribution, habitat, and phenology is provided for each taxon. A plate and description of Epidendrum ferreyrae are included for comparison.

Two New Species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from the Schistochilum Group in the Western Andes of Colombia and Its Value in Ecological Restoration Decisions.

Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas especies de Epidendrum de la Cordillera Occidental de los Andes colombianos. Las especies nuevas de flores rojas y anaranjadas pertenecen al grupo Schistochilum, subgrupo Secundum y son similares a Epidendrum portokalium y E. melinanthum pero se distinguen por su el colorido de las flores y los detalles florales y callos. Las nuevas especies se encontraron en un área abierta con erosión leve a severa del suelo, con un alto contenido de arcilla y una alta exposición al sol. Este lugar fue adquirido con el objetivo de implementar estrategias de restauración ecológica para su conservación con la finalidad de recuperar las áreas boscosas y permitir la conectividad dentro del paisaje. Los hallazgos obligaron a cambiar los planes de restauración ecológica, considerando que no es necesario restaurar la cobertura forestal, sino mantener el área en su estado actual, realizando algunos cambios que permitan la conservación de las dos nuevas especies y las especies asociadas.

A new Peruvian species of Epidendrum (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) belonging to the Epidendrum incomptum group

A new species of Epidendrum from the northern Peruvian department of Amazonas belonging to the Incomptum group is described and illustrated. Epidendrum olorteguii is similar to E. tamaense but is easily distinguished by having the flowers green to yellow or rarely ivory white, the sepals lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the petals narrowly elliptic, acuminate, and the lip trilobed, with lateral lobes prominent, transversely sub-rectangular, basal corners narrowly rounded, distal corner widely rounded and the mid-lobe with two obliquely triangular lobes, the sides involute, the apex with a short, thickened, narrowly triangular, reflexed apiculus. Information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status are provided. On the other hand, E. olorteguii is also compared with three morphologically similar species, E. incomptum, E. tamaense and E. ornis.

Epidendrum alejandrinae (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), a new species from the high Andean forests of central Peru

The high Andean forests harbor great and unique biodiversity. Here, we report a new species of Epidendrum from Peru. Epidendrum alejandrinae is described, illustrated and compared with the morphologically similar Epidendrum ochoae, Epidendrum pachydiscum and Epidendrum aida-alvareziae. We performed a systematic review of herbarium information on the species reported for the Region of Huancavelica and compared the morphological features of the closest species to rule out possible matches. The new species is characterized by a short, foliate aggregate stems, an apical pendulous inflorescence formed from the stem, green resupinate flowers opening in succession, the petals and sepals semi-extended, a 3-lobed lip, lateral lobes obliquely ovoid, median lobe broadly cuneate, bicallose, and four, obovoid, laterally compressed pollinia. The novelty represents an important record for the flora associated with the high Andean forest dominated by Polylepis and Gynoxys in central Peru.

A new species of Epidendrum L. (Orchidaceae) of pendulous habit from Peru.

A new species of Epidendrum L. from northern Peru is described, illustrated, and compared with related species. This new species belongs to the Laxicaule Group and shares morphological characteristics with Epidendrumlaxicaule D.E. Benn & Christenson but differs in the shape and length of the dorsal sepal; the shape of the petals and the lip, ribs position of the lip, shape of the vesicle formed between the ovary and the column as well as the section of the stem.

Epidendrumcusiyacoense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Colombia

A new species of Epidendrum, E. cusiyacoense, is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The novelty belongs to the ‘Garayi subgroup’ and resembles the Ecuadorian endemic E. ilinizae, but is distinguished by the oblong‐lanceolate leaf which is over five times longer than wide, 2‐flowered inflorescence and entire, papillate lip margins. Epidendrum cusiyacoense is so far exclusively known from Colombia where it grows as an epiphyte in wet páramo, among scrub and Espeletia patches at the altitude of about 3000–3500 m. A key to the identification of species belonging to informal Garayi subgroup is provided.

<p><strong><em>Epidendrum machinense</em></strong><strong> (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), a new species from Colombia</strong></p>

A new species of Epidendrum from central Andes of Colombia is described and illustrated. Epidendrum machinense belongs to the Mancum group, Stenoglossum subgroup; being only the third species known to belong to that subgroup. The new species is characterized by having larger plants with respect to its close relatives, bearing 50–80 flowers per inflorescence, the flowers are resupinate due to drooping of the rachis, rather than the twisting of the pedicel; the petals are 3–veined, yellow tinged purple-brown, with completely yellow apices, the lip is white with numerous wine-red spots, 3–lobed, with broadly hamate lateral lobes, and a mid-lobe with a rombic or bifid apex. Information on the species distribution, habitat and phenology, conservation status, and characters that distinguish it from the nearest species are provided, as well as an annotation on resupination in the Stenoglossum subgroup.

Epidendrum curimarcense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Central Peru

A new species of Epidendrum from Peru, Epidendrum curimarcense, is described, illustrated and compared with the similar species Epidendrum ampelospathum. The new finding represents an important record for the flora associated with Polylepis forests of central Peru. The species has stems produced from a middle internode of the previous cane-like stem, a spathe, an elongate peduncle with several similar spaced bracts, flowers opening in succession, petals narrower than the sepals, a 3-lobed lip which is bicallose with rounded sub-equal lobes, and 4 obovoid, laterally compressed pollinia.
 Key Words / Palabras clave: Andean orchids, central Peru, Epidendrum, Junín, orquídeas andinas, Polylepis

Epidendra Nova Talamancana

Two new species of Epidendrum from the Costa Rican montane rainforest, E. hartmanniorum and E. vallis-silentii, are described, illustrated and compared with similar species. Epidendrum stolidium and E. unicallosum are reported as new records of this genus for the country.

EPIDENDRUM YANATILENSE (ORCHIDACEAE: LAELIINAE), A NEW SPECIES, FROM CUSCO, PERU

A new species of Epidendrum from southern Peru is described and illustrated. Epidendrum yanatilense is similar to Ecuadorian E. pucunoënse, but differs in the small habit; non-resupinate flowers; small flowers; sepals oblong-lanceolate; petals apex rounded; 3-lobed lip and; two calli, large, laminar, rhomboid, leaning inwards, without mid-rib in the middle. Information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status, as well as traits that distinguish it from similar species are provided.

New reports of Orchidaceae from the Guianas

Se describe una nueva especie de Epidendrum, E. paruimense, y se reportan tres especies adi- cionales de Orchidaceae para la flora de Guyana: Encyclia conchaechila, Epidendrum urichianum y Masdevallia vargasii. Un reporte de Baskervilla venezuelana de las Guayanas fue erróneamente basado en un ejemplar indudablemente referible a Ponthieva ovatilabia.

A new species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from Panama

Abstract A new species of Epidendrum is described and illustrated based on Panamanian material. The new entity belongs to the E. nocturnum complex and is distinguished by its oblong-elliptic leaves and by lip shape.

Both biotic and abiotic factors influence floral longevity in three species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae)

AbstractExtended flower longevity has been widely defended to occur as a consequence of low pollination activity. To test this hypothesis in Neotropical rainforests, we selected three species of Epidendrum that flower during rainy conditions and commonly exhibit low levels of insect visits. Experimental studies carried out in 15 populations distributed along a wide spatial gradient detected the presence of pollinator limitation in all populations. Pollinia removal without pollen deposition increased longevity, and thus extended longevity could apparently be considered as an ecological advantage for these orchids. Nevertheless, flower longevity was severely shortened by abiotic factors like precipitation and humidity. Comparison with other tropical orchids showed that flower longevity was higher even in species that flower during periods of more pollinator activity than the ones studied here, which is contrary to the hypothesis that pollinators are the only driving force for long‐lived flowers in Epidendrum. Thus, although long floral longevities are apparently favorable for the reproductive success of these species, the high maintenance costs experienced during rainy conditions are also an important factor constraining the selection of long‐lived flowers in Epidendrum.

Outcomes of Extensive Hybridization and Introgression in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae): Can We Rely on Species Boundaries?

Hybridization has the potential to contribute to phenotypic and genetic variation and can be a major evolutionary mechanism. However, when hybridization is extensive it can also lead to the blurring of species boundaries and the emergence of cryptic species (i.e., two or more species not distinguishable morphologically). In this study, we address this hypothesis in Epidendrum, the largest Neotropical genus of orchids where hybridization is apparently so common that it may explain the high levels of morphological diversity found. Nonetheless, this hypothesis is mostly based on the intermediacy of morphological characters and intermediacy by itself is not a proof of hybridization. Therefore, in this study, we first assessed the existence of hybrids using cpDNA and AFLP data gathered from a large-scale sampling comprising 1038 plants of three species of Epidendrum (E. calanthum, E. cochlidium and E. schistochilum). Subsequently, a Bayesian assignment of individuals into different genetic classes (pure species, F1, F2 or backcross generations) revealed that hybrid genotypes were prevalent in all sympatric populations. In most cases, parental species were not assigned as pure individuals, rather consisting in backcrossed genotypes or F1 hybrids. We also found that reproductive barriers are apparently very weak in Epidendrum because the three species largely overlapped in their flowering periods and interspecific crosses always produced viable seeds. Further, hybridization contributed to enhance floral variability, genome size and reproductive success since we found that these traits were always higher in hybrid classes (F1, F2 and backcrosses) than in pure parental species, and offer an explanation for the blurring of species boundaries in this genus of orchids. We hypothesize that these natural hybrids possess an evolutionary advantage, which may explain the high rates of cryptic species observed in this genus.

Novelties in the Orchid Flora of Venezuela III —Epidendrum

Abstract. Two species of Epidendrum from the Guayana shield never accurately illustrated for the flora of Venezuela, E. apuahuense and E. longicolle, are discussed and illustrated.

NON‐SPECIFICITY OF SYMBOTIC INFECTION IN ORCHID MYCORRHIZA

SummarySymbiosis tests carried out between orchids from several geographical localities and thirty‐two Rhizoctonias isolated from orchids, non‐orchid hosts and soils of worldwide distribution, showed no evidence of any species‐to‐species relationship between orchid and fungus. Dactylorhiza purpurella established a symbiotic relationship with most fungi tested while Coeloglossum wide, Goodyera repens and Cymbidium canaliculatum, although less frequently symbiotic, established compatible infections with many isolates. Among orchids with photo‐synthetic protocorms, Epidendrum radicans was compatible with several fungi but three other species of Epidendrum together with Spathoglottis plicata and a Laeliocattleya cultivar were symbiotic only with Tulasnella calospora and certain Ceratobasidium isolates. Tulasnella calospora may be a universal orchid symbiont. Ceratobasidium cornigerum and Thanatephorus orchidicola commonly occur as root endophytes but are doubtfully symbiotic with most orchids. T. cucumeris is frequently symbiotic with Dactylorhiza purpurella but less commonly so with other orchids tested.

Two new Species of Epidendrum from Middle America.

Two new Species of Epidendrum from Middle America.