Species Of Cyanoprokaryotes Research Articles

Новые находки водорослей, грибов, лишайников и мохообразных. 9

First records of cyanoprokaryotic species for the Russian part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, aphyllophoroid fungi for the Yaroslavl Region, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens and allied fungi for the Tver Region, lichens for the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Kabardino-Balkarian and Karachayevo-Circassian republics, and Perm Territory, mosses for the Kursk, Lipetsk and Saratov regions are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided. The specimens are kept in the herbaria of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), Department of Botany of St. Petersburg State University (LECB), Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany NAS of Belarus (MSK-F), Francisk Skorina Gomel State University of Belarus (GSU), National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (NNSU), Galichya Gora Reserve of the Voronezh State University (VU).

Features of cyanobacterial-algal communities in artificial ecosystems of treatment facilities of Meleuz City

In this article, cyanoprokaryotes and algae of activated sludge of biological treatment facilities of the city of Meleuz were studied. The research revealed 27 species of algae and cyanoprokaryotes from 4 divisions. The leading class in terms of the number of species is Cyanophyceae: they accounted for 14 species, or 35.5% of the total number of species. In second place belongs to representatives of the class Bacillariophyceae (19.3%), followed by representatives of the class Chlorophyceae (12.9%). Four classes (Trebouxiophyceae, Mediophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Euglenophyceae) were represented by single species. Most taxa below the class (orders, families, genera) are also represented by single species. The structure-forming species (the most common) include 3 species of cyanoprokaryotes: Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria planctonica, Arthrospira platensis. The number of saprobity indicator species (degree of organic pollution) was 18 species, or 58% of the total number of species. Indicators of all saprobic zones, except for xenosaprobic ones, were revealed. The degree of organic pollution was 2.96, which corresponds to the mesosaprobic zone. There is no correlation between the number of species and seasonality, and the communities are relatively stable. It can be concluded that the cyanoprokaryotic-algal communities of activated sludge of biological treatment facilities in the city of Meleuz are characterized by a poor species composition, with a predominance of zionoprokaryotes. The level of organic pollution corresponds to a moderately polluted area.

The role of ecological groups in the formation of cyanobacterial communities in the ecosystems of the North Azov region (Ukraine)

The role of Cyanoprokaryota ecological groups in the ecosystems of the North Azov region was revealed in this work. On the territory of Pryazovskyi National Nature Park, 9 experimental polygons were studied, which covered steppe areas or slopes, salt marshes, coastal sandy soils and water bodies (rivers, lakes, estuaries, sea bays, lagoons). As a result of research on the territory of Pryazovskyi National Nature Park, 124 species of cyanoprokaryotes were identified, which include 127 intraspecific taxa. It was proved that the procedure of canonical correspondence analysis is the most suitable for the analysis of the species matrix. The axes identified as a result of the ordination procedure, which indicate the coordinated dynamics of the species, correlated with both synecological characteristics, such as diversity indicators, and with autoecological characteristics, such as ecotypes of cyanoprokaryotes in relation to habitat types or types of adaptation to salinity conditions. The first four canonical axes together explain 47.5% of species matrix variability. Canonical axis 1 explains 18.0% of the variability of the species matrix and is mostly marked by aqual subaerophytes and eurybionts. This axis indicates the presence of a gradient of salinity conditions where the most saline conditions correspond to the positive values of the axis, and the negative values correspond to less saline. Canonical axis 2 describes 12.1% of species matrix variability. This axis differentiates aquatic ecosystems from others. Canonical axis 3 explains 10.0% of the communities’ variability. This axis distinguishes freshwater ecosystems from saline ecosystems. Markers of freshwater communities are stenotopic halotolerants, which are narrow-range, common mainly in the temperate zone of Europe. The canonical axis 4 explains 7.3% of variability of the matrix of species and is able to differentiate sand ecosystems. The ecotopic structure and geographic range width of community species have the greatest independent value among the considered sources of variation. The independent role of adaptation to the salinity conditions of the ecotope and the role of the type of ecosystems is somewhat smaller. The interaction between the sources of variation is important in the variation of the structure of communities. The interaction between the ecotopic structure and the geographic range width of species and the triple interaction between the ecotopic structure of a community, the width of the geographic range of species and the ecosystem type plays the greatest role in the variation of community structure. Ecotopic groups, which indicate the preference of a particular habitat, correlate with the species composition of the communities. It is shown that the ratio of ecototopic groups in a community is a characteristic that reveals the features of the community as a whole.

Algal communities of the waterbodies of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica

In continental waterbodies of Antarctic oases specific algal communities are forming. The structure and dominating complex of species of this communities due to different distance from the seashore and latitude, the composition of the constituent rocks, altitude and the presence in the past of periods of contact with sea water is unique for different oases. It may vary in different waterbodies within one oasis besides.Aim of the research is to describe different types of algal communities from the continental waterbodies of Schirmacher Oasis and it’s confinement to the different types of waterbodies.Samples were collected from 173 waterbodies: 151 with stagnant water and 22 streams.During the study 64 species of Cyanoprokaryotes were found, and this group usually dominated in communities. Also 14 most frequent species of Chlorophyta, 12 most frequent species of Bacillariophyta, 6 species of desmid algae, 2 species of Xanthophyceae, 1 species of Eustigmatophyceae were noted in benthos. Usually resting stages and in one case — life cells of Golden algae (Chrysophyceae, Synurophyceae) were found in mats on the bottom of big lakes. Plankton algae in most of the waterbodies had very low abundance and diversity and were strongly influensed by trophic level. Benthic algal communities were much more diverse and abundant. Eight sustainable types of benthic algal communities were revealed in continental waterbodyes of Schirmacher Oasis. Form, colour, and species composition of bentic films and mats strongly depended on temperature, conductivity and pH of the waterbody and its depth.

Cyanoprokaryota of the Salt Marshes at the Pryazov National Natural Park, Ukraine

Cyanoprokaryota of salt marshes were investigated at three scientific sites: in the upper Utlyuk Estuary, on the coast of Lake Sivashik, and at Fedotov Spit. Data on species composition, systematic structure, leading families, and genera are provided. In total, 71 species of cyanoprokaryotes representing 3 orders, 10 families, and 22 genera. The dominant complex included representatives of the genera Schizothrix Kutzing ex Gomont, Phormidium Kutzing ex Gomont, Lyngbya C.Agardh ex Gomont, Leptolyngbya (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komarek, Trichormus (Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault) Komarek & Anagnostidis, Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, and Nodularia Mert. ex Born. & Flah. The identified species are analyzed for their biotopic nature and their valence to the level of environmental salinity. The distribution of the identified species within the Ukrainian territory is considered.

Post-pyrogenic changes in vegetation cover and biological soil crust in steppe ecosystems

The study of the processes of restoration of species richness and productivity of steppe ecosystems after fires is an urgent problem that affects not only the conservation of biodiversity but also the maintenance of pasture resources. This article presents the results of a study of post-pyrogenic effects in steppe ecosystems, taking into account changes in the species composition of cyanoprokaryotes and algae that are art of the biological soil crust, which performs ecologically important functions in xerophytic ecosystems. The investigations were carried out in virgin and post-pyrogenic steppe ecosystems of the “Troitsk Clough” reserve (Zaporizhia region, Ukraine). For three years, the dynamics of the projective cover and the height of the vegetation cover in virgin areas of herbs-fescue-feather-grass and fescue-feather-grass steppes was studied as well as within two ecosystems of post-pyrogenic development after fires that occurred in the spring and winter periods. We discovered that restoration of the herbs-fescue-feather-grass and fescue-feather-grass steppes after fires occurs at different rates. The cause of the slow restoration of vegetation cover can be its severe damage by fire at the beginning of the vegetation season and the development of erosion processes. The number of species of cyanoprokaryotes and algae in the biological soil crust of virgin and post-pyrogenic ecosystems is not significantly different. It varies from 35 to 49 species. The greatest diversity is noted for Cyanoprokaryota. Chlorophyta is in the second place. Among the dominants, the filamentous forms of Cyanoprokaryota prevail. Nostoc edaphicum was noted as a nitrogen fixing representative. The similarity of the species lists of cyanoprokaryotes and algae of post-pyrogenic and virgin ecosystems, according to the calculated Jaccard coefficient, varies from 49.1% to 55.3%. This indicates a strong specificity of the composition of cyanoprokaryotes and algae in post-pyrogenic biological soil crusts. Changes in their composition reflect different stages of post-pyrogenic succession. In the first year after a fire, there is a slight increase in species richness, which is a consequence of the favorable effect of increasing the amount of mineral substances in the soil after the organic matter has burned out. The “pioneer” group includes: Phormidium autumnale, Ph. dimorphum, Ph. retzii, Ph. (Leptolyngbya) henningsii, Luticola mutica, Hantzschia amphioxys. Gradually this effect is leveled and the species richness of cyanoprokaryotes and algae is stabilized at a level peculiar for this type of ecosystem.

Ecological status assessment of Skalenski Lakes (Bulgaria)

Over the past decade new ecological indices based on phytoplankton and macrophytes were developed as part of the tools for assessment of the ecological status of water bodies. This study demonstrates the applicability of two of them (Assemblage index /Q/ and Algae Group Index /AGI/) for evaluation of water bodies from a lake type L4 as well as their comparability. Assessment of the ecological status of two lake ecosystems was performed in order to ensure successful protection, enhancement and management of lowland and semi-mountain lakes in Bulgaria. Data on the aquatic flora from Golyamo Skalensko Lake and Malko Skalensko Lake over a period of two years were used to assess their ecological status. In addition, the toxic potential of the established dominant cyanoprokaryotic species was also evaluated. Phytoplankton- and macrophyte-based metrics resulted in complementary evaluation of temporary and long-term environmental conditions. Despite the hydraulic connection and proximity between the two lakes, Golyamo Skalensko Lake and Malko Skalensko Lake appear as completely different ecosystems, according to the phytoplankton structure (species composition, number of species, abundance, seasonal succession), macrophytes and ecological status.

Phylogenetic relationships of some filamentous cyanoprokaryotic species.

The polyphasic approach is the most progressive system that has been suggested for distinguishing and phylogenetically classifying Cyanoprokaryota (Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta). Several oscillatorialean genera (Lyngbya, Phormidium, Plectonema, and Leptolyngbya) have problematic phylogenetic position and taxonomic state because of their heterogeneity and polyphyletic nature. To accurately resolve the phylogenetic relationship of some filamentous species (Nodosilinea bijugata, Phormidium molle, Phormidium papyraceum), we have performed phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and the phycocyanin operon (PC-IGS) by using maximum-likelihood (ML) tree inference methods. These analyses were combined with morphological re-evaluation. Our phylogenetic analyses support the taxonomic separation of genus Nodosilinea from the polyphyletic genus Leptolyngbya. Investigated Nodosilinea strains always formed a coherent genetic cluster supported with a high bootstrap value. The molecular phylogeny confirmed also the monophyly of the Wilmottia group. In addition, data reveal that although P. papyraceum is morphologically similar to Wilmottia murrayi, this species is genetically distinct. Strains from the newly formed genus Phormidesmis and some Phormidium priestleyi strains were clustered in a separate clade different from the typical Phormidium species, but without strong bootstrap support.

MICROCYSTINS IN RAW WATER, DRINKING WATER, AND SOME ISOLATES OF CYANOPROKARYOTES

Raw water samples of two drinking water treatment plants (named New Mansoura and Bilqas stations) were collected for a full annual cycle. Analyses of total soluble inorganic N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were carried out. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cyanoprokaryotes and photosynthetic pigments of phytoplankton were investigated. Total microcystins of raw water supply and potable water were seasonally analyzed using ELISA. Seven Cyanobprokaryotes species were isolated, cultured under lab conditions and biomass contents of microcystin–LR and -YR were analyzed using HPLC. Physico-chemical characteristics and photosynthetic pigments displayed pronounced periodic variations. Species composition and abundance of Cyanoprokaryotes exhibited marked seasonal variation during the period of study. Cyanoprokaryotes biovolume peaked in summer at New Mansoura (214.3mm3m-3) and Bilqas (161.3 mm3m-3) water treatment stations. The minimum mean biovolume of 25.2 and 30.8 mm3m-3 were recorded in winter at New Mansoura and in autumn at Bilqas station, respectively. Total microcystins in raw water maintained seasonal variations. Microcystins values were 2.2 and 2.0 µg l-1 during summer at Bilqas and New Mansoura respectively. Theses values of 1µg l-1 exceeding the WHO guidelines. Total microcystins of potable water were below the WHO guideline except in summer at New Mansoura (1.2µg l-1). Microcystins in biomass of different species of Cyanoprokaryotes varied between 3.0 mg g-1 (8% LR and 92%YR) and 0.3 mg g-1 (100% LR) recorded for Anabaena oryzae and Anabaena khannae, respectively.

Cyanoprokaryota-Cladocera relationships in a submontane dam reservoir modified by hydrological conditions

The aim of investigation was focused on mutual dependences between two species of cyanoprokaryotes and two species of Cladocera during the dry and wet years. Low river stage of inflowing water characterized dry years, and rainfall flood wet ones. The planktic samples were collected in the submontane Dobczyce dam reservoir-southern Poland. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to identifiy correlations between the physico - chemical, hydrological variability and plankton. The temperature was the most important factor responsible for development and co-occurence of two species of cyanoprokaryotes and Cladocerans. Among chemical parameters different factors influenced the development of planktonic organisms during the dry and wet years. It was found that variability of water level influenced the development of different species of cyanoprokaryotes. They might be the reason of decrease in Cladocera.

Background of the Caruaru tragedy; a case taxonomic study of toxic cyanobacteria

We describe phenotype characters of cyanobacterial populations, dominating in the Tabocas reservoir, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in the period February-June 1996. Massive development of cyanoprokaryotic species in the reservoir was then responsible for cyanotoxin production into the water. As a consequence, over 50 people died after intoxication by cyanotoxins in the hemodialysis center in Caruaru, Brazil. All the dominating cyanobacterial species from Tabocas reservoir belong exclusively to the tropical, not well known species. The basic phenotype descriptions and ecological characters ofAphanothece stratus, Romeria caruaru (spec, nova), Aphanocapsa cf. cumulus, Microcystis protocystis, M. panniformis, Chroococcidiopsis cf. indica and Aphanizomenon manguinii are included in the article. - Two important conclusions can be drawn from our results: (i) Numerous important specific and little known cyanobacterial types occur in tropical regions, different from these ones known from temperate zones, and (ii) the picoplanktic populations can be formed by cells liberated from macroscopic colonies of benthic and periphytic species. Our results support also the hypothesis about the toxicity of cyanobacteria from various taxonomic groups and various biotopes, and urge further study of the natural populations from little known tropical biotopes by combined traditional and modern molecular methods.

A new planktic cyanoprokaryotic species, Cyanodictyon tropicalis (Cyanophyceae) from Espírito Santo State (Southeastern), Brazil

A new planktic cyanoprokaryotic species, Cyanodictyon tropicalis (Cyanophyceae) from Espírito Santo State (Southeastern), Brazil

Coelomoron tropicalis, a new cyanoprokaryotic species from São Paulo State, Brazil

Coelomoron tropicalis, a new cyanoprokaryotic species from São Paulo State, Brazil