Chilopoda Species Research Articles

A checklist of the predators and parasitoids of the fall webworm Hyphantriacunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) from around the world.

A checklist of 488 fall webworm Hyphantriacunea (Drury) natural enemies was compiled based on documentation in previous research across its world distribution, including 289 predators and 199 parasitoids. Predators in the checklist include 67 species from 17 families of Insecta, 1 species of Chilopoda, 183 species from 22 families of Arachnida, 1 species of Reptilia, 4 species from 2 families of Amphibia, 33 species from 18 families of Aves. In addition, the checklist includes fall webworm parasitoids from 18 families of Insecta. Among continents, 128 predators and 76 parasitoids were distributed in North America, 78 predators and 62 parasitoids in Asia, and 88 predators and 68 parasitoids in Europe.

Diversity of Dendrobionts, Hortobionts, and Herpetobionts of Some Biotopes of Specially Protected Natural Territory «Sosnovaya Rosha»

The paper describes the diversity of invertebrates belonging to dendro-, horto-, and herpetobionts in conditions of Specially Protected Natural Territory «Sosnovaya Rosha» in the city of Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El Russia. The diversity of invertebrates in different biotopes of the studied protected territory was 323 species: 3 species of Chilopoda; 63, Arachnida with prevalence of Aranei; and 257, Insecta with prevalence of Coleoptera. The variety of consortive relations may indicate resistance of the cenopopulation of the consortium determinant to adverse conditions. The diversity and abundance of hortobionts is determined by the type of the herbaceous community. The abundance of animals and the number of dominant groups of the soil herpetobionts depend on the location of the protected territory in the vicinity of Yoshkar-Ola, on soil composition and phytocenosis composition, on ontogeny stages, and on climatic factors. Heterogeneity of conditions of different biotopes in the forest park «Sosnovaya Rosha» contributes to an increase in the diversity of groups of invertebrates along the vertical gradient of a community (herpetobionts, hortobionts, and dendrobionts), which may preserve the stability of the community under the impact of anthropogenic factors.

RECENT BIODIVERSITY IN ANAK KRAKATAU ISLAND

<p>Anak Krakatau Island is a volcanic island in the Krakatau preservation complex. With its regular explosions, ranging from2 80 times/day in the year 2013, it was expected that the biodiversity would experience many changes. In orderto determine the recent condition of the biodiversity, especially animal inhabitants, a survey was conducted within the island in June, 2013. The survey was made for mammal, bird, reptile, and invertebrate(ground, aerial, and arboreal) diversity. For mammals, 10 live traps were used along 100 m of line transect, birds and reptiles were adopted faced encountered method, while the invertebrate survey was conducted with visual techniques with a sweep net, pit-fall traps, and light traps. The result from the inventory (especially invertebrate) was followed by determining the diversity and dominance of species. Relative abundancewas also determined for mammals only. The survey indicated that there was 1 species of mammal with 20% of relativeabundance, 13 species of birds within 11 families, 2 species of reptiles, 58 species of insect, and 10 species of non-insect invertebrates, which consisted of 6 species of Araneae, 2 species of Scorpiones, 2 species of Chilopoda. The diversity indexfor insects was 4.011 with Bothriamyrmex sp. as subdominantin which its index of 2.86, and index for non-insects was 2.079. The result also was compared with the other 3 islands of the Krakatau complex and data collected in the last 10 years.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Anak Krakatau, volcanic, biodiversity</p>

Centipede (Chilopoda) richness and diversity in the Bug River valley (Eastern Poland).

The main aim of the survey was to describe the diversity and richness of Chilopoda in the selected area of the Bug River valley. The study sites were located in two regions differing in the shape of the valley, the presence of thermophilous habitats and the size of riparian forests. Pitfall traps were used as a sampling method. As a result, 444 specimens belonging to 12 centipede species of two orders – Geophilomorpha (four species) and Lithobiomorpha (eight species) were caught. Lithobius (Monotarsobius) curtipes C.L.Koch, 1847, Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L.Koch, 1835), Lamyctes (Lamyctes) emarginatus (Newport, 1844) and Lithobius (Monotarsobius) dudichi Loksa, 1947 were the most common and the most numerous species. Of particular note is Lithobius dudichi found in Poland for the first time and previously known based on a single specimen. Two to 10 Chilopoda species were found in each habitat under investigation. The greatest species richness was found in thermophilous thickets (10 species), sandy grasslands (eight), xerothermic grasslands (eight) and mesic meadows (six). The fewest number of species (two) was found in rushes at oxbows and in wet meadows. We found differences in the species composition and the number of Chilopoda between the lower (102 specimens, six species) and the middle (324 specimens, 11 species) section of the river valley. Our results confirm the need to protect xerothermic habitats, unique almost throughout entire Central Europe, which due to their distribution and their small area covered are fairly easily subject to the process of destruction.

A preliminary survey of known and potentially Canadian and Alaskan centipedes (Chilopoda)

The centipedes of Canada and Alaska are poorly known. This paper indicates the present state of knowledge of the class, including "economic" and "biological" aspects, insofar as this is relevant to Canada and the adjacent United States of America. The systematic and other related literature applicable to the region is briefly reviewed. The principal part of the paper provides a classified list of the species of centipedes (with most of their synonyms) hitherto known for Canada and Alaska. In order to alert workers as to possible future additions to the Canadian fauna, those species known from other adjacent United States, southern New England, and Oregon are added. The known distribution of each species is given by province, territory, or state within the region, but known distributions further afield are not generally indicated. About 70 species (over a dozen of them introduced) are known for Canada and Alaska. Some 70 or so are found in the adjacent United States or southern New England. It is estimated that the Canadian–Alaskan fauna may eventually prove to comprise more than 100 species of Chilopoda. A note on Canadian Symphyla (including the record of a member of a hitherto unreported family) is appended.

Multiplication of Chilo iridescent virus in noninsect arthropods

Attempts to infect noninsect arthropods with Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) originally isolated from Lepidoptera were made by using eight species belonging to four classes. Multiplication of CIV was demonstrated in two species of terrestrial Crustacea (the pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare, and the slater, Porcello scaber) and one species of Chilopoda, the house centipede, Thereuonema higendorfi. The lethality experiment of CIV for A. vulgare suggested that chronic infection is a characteristic of the CIV infection in both classes, Crustacea and Insecta. Neither iridescence nor recovery of virus infectivity was demonstrated in the following arthropod species: the sea slater, Ligia exotica (Crustacea: Isopoda), the grapsid crab, Sesarma haematocheir (Crustacea: Decapoda), the millipede, Oxidus gracillis (Diplopoda: Polydesmoidea), Rhysodesmus semicirculatus (Diplopoda: Polydesmoidea), and the giant crab spider, Heteropoda venatoria (Arachnida: Araneae).

Cytological studies of Indian chilopods. I. The chromosomes of some species of scolopendridae (Myriapoda: Chilopoda).

1. The chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=16 to 24 of five species of Chilopoda belonging to the family Scolopendridae have been described. 2. This is the first record of the sex-chromosome mechanism in the family Scolopendridae. The sex-chromosome mechanism is of the XY- type. 3. In the first division X and Y start their anaphasic movement first, but after a while, they slow down and the autosomes join them. 4. The sex-chromosomes in Scolopendra morsitans show lagging in the second division while their behaviour is normal in other species.

Chromosome Studies in the Myriapoda

The present paper describes the multiple sex-chromosomes found in Otocryptops sexspinosus, a species of Chilopoda. It was found that the present species possesses a 4X-5Y mechanism of the sex-chromosomes in the male. They show the chain-like association at the first metaphase. The formula of the chromosomes is 6A+X1-X2-X3-X4+Y1-Y2-Y3-Y4-Y5 in the male, and 6A+2X1-2X2-2X3-2X4 in the female.