Species Of Bupleurum Research Articles

Phylogenomic analysis of Bupleurum in Western Sichuan, China, including an overlooked new species

A comparative analysis of chloroplast (cp) genomes and 45s nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), and a phylogenomic study of six closely related species (including an overlooked new species) of genus Bupleurum from the western part of Sichuan Province in southwestern China were performed. The six species are similar morphologically and it is difficult to identify them; moreover, their genetic relationships remain unclear. It was found that the cp genomes of the six Bupleurum species were extremely similar, and they were highly homogeneous in terms of cp genome structure, genes and its arrangement. Intergenic spacer rpl32-trnL, petA-psbJ, trnK-rps16, and the coding gene ycf1 were considered highly variable. In phylogenetic trees constructed based on the complete cp genome, protein-coding sequences, nrDNA and ITS sequences, Chinese Bupleurum species all formed two major clades; among these trees, nrDNA tree had the best species resolution; the highly variable regions showed no advantage over other molecular markers. Among the six Bupleurum species, B. malconense, B. sichuanense were close relatives to B. chinense and B. yinchowense, B. chaishoui may also be a consanguinity, while B. microcephalum, B. wenchuanense, and the new species B. pseudochaishoui were closely related. At the end, the new species B. pseudochaishoui Z. Chao sp. nov. was described and illustrated, and a key to the six species was tabulated.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence, Characteristics, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Oenanthe javanica

The plant mitochondria play a crucial role in various cellular energy synthesis and conversion processes and are essential for plant growth. Watercress (Oenanthe javanica) is a fast-growing vegetable with strong adaptability and wide cultivation range, and it possesses high nutritional value. In our study, we assembled the O. javanica mitochondrial genome using the Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome map of watercress has a circular structure of 384,074 bp, containing 28 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 34 protein-coding genes. A total of 87 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci were detected, with 99% composed of palindrome repeats and forward repeats, while no complementary repeats were identified. Codon preference analysis indicated that watercress prefers to use codons encoding leucine, isoleucine, and serine with a preference for A/U-ending codons. Phylogenetic analysis showed that watercress is closely related to species of Bupleurum, Apium, Angelica, and Daucus, with the closest evolutionary relationship observed with Saposhnikovia divaricata and Apium graveolens. This study provides a valuable resource for the study of the evolution and molecular breeding of watercress.

FLAVONOIDS OF THE FAR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BUPLEURUM L.

Compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from six species of plants of the genus Bupleurum L. growing in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai, Magadan Region) by liquid extraction. Five compounds were identified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: avicularin, rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin. Avicularin has been identified in the plants B. atargense, B. longiradiatum for the first time. The structure of compounds (avicularin, rutin, narcissin) isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by NMR-1H, 13C, 1H,13C-HMBC spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with ESI. The sum of flavonoids in the aerial part of six species of the genus Bupleurum L. was determined by differential spectrophotometry, the mass fraction of which varies from 0.58 to 2.92%. The highest content of flavonoids was found in B. euphoiroides – 2.92±0.58%, and the least – in B. longiradiatum (0.58±0.12%). Comparative analysis of individual flavonoids in species of the genus Bupleurum L. revealed the specificity of their accumulation. The main flavonoid in the aerial part of B. atargense, B. euphoiroides is quercetin – 1.14±0.23%, 0.92±0.18%, and in B. triradiatum, B. komarovianum, B. scorzonerifolium, B. longiradiatum – rutin (0.47±0.09%, 0.18±0.04%, 0.32±0.08%, 0.13±0.03% accordingly).

Essential-oil composition of plant species of the genus Bupleurum

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the essential-oil analysis of the forty plant species belonging to the genus Bupleurum, ten of which are annual, and thirty are perennial. The analysis covers the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from various plant organs, oil yields, and the percentage of identified components. The main constituents of the essential oils are outlined, and the structures of the most prevalent monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, etc., are given. Tables comparing the chemical composition are included for essential oils that underwent multiple analyses.

Overexpression of BcERF3 increases the biosynthesis of saikosaponins in Bupleurum chinense.

Chaihu, the dried roots of some species of Bupleurum L., is a famous Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of liver‐ and cold‐related diseases, in which saikosaponins (SSs) are the major active compounds. Many of the genetic components upstream of SS biosynthetic pathways have been characterized; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this study we identified the APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor family transcription factor gene BcERF3 from B. chinense. The expression of BcERF3 was induced in methyl‐jasmonate‐treated adventitious root of B. chinense; it was also expressed at higher levels in roots than in other tissues (stem, leaf, flower, and tender fruit of early fruiting plants). Transient expression of BcERF3 in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in intracellular localization of the protein in the nucleus. It was also demonstrated that the number of SSs was greater in BcERF3‐overexpressing hairy roots of B. chinense than in plants treated with empty vector controls. This coincided with upregulation of β‐AS, which encodes a key enzyme involved with triterpenoid biosynthesis. In conclusion, BcERF3 plays a positive regulatory role in the biosynthesis of SSs.

Identification of the original plants of cultivated Bupleuri Radix based on DNA barcoding and chloroplast genome analysis.

Bupleuri Radix is the dry root of certain species of the genus Bupleurum and is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The increasing global demand for Bupleuri Radix cannot be fulfilled with wild populations only. Therefore, cultivated Bupleurum is now the main commercial source of this medicinal product. Different species of Bupleurum show different medicinal properties and clinical effects, making reliable authentication and assignment of correct botanical origin for medicinal species critical. However, accurate identification of the cultivated Bupleurum species is difficult due to dramatic morphological variations resulting from cultivation. In this study, we sampled 56 cultivated Bupleurum populations of six different morphotypes (Types A-F) from the main production areas of China, and 10 wild populations of four species were used as reference materials. Conventional DNA barcoding was conducted to identify cultivated Bupleurum species. Additionally, verification based on complete chloroplast genomes was performed and new chloroplast markers were developed and evaluated. The combination of these methods resulted in the successful identification of all cultivated Bupleurum individuals. Three chloroplast regions are recommended as additional barcodes for the genus: ycf4_cemA, psaJ_rpl33, and ndhE_ndhG. This is a reliable and promising strategy that can be applied to the authentication of natural products and the identification of other medicinal plant species with similar taxonomic problems.

气候变化对柴胡与狭叶柴胡适生分布的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 气候变化对柴胡与狭叶柴胡适生分布的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202108242369 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目（GZY-KJS-2018-004）；全国第四次中药资源普查黑龙江专项（2018hljzyzypc-12）；黑龙江省自然科学基金（C2018038） Prediction of distribution pattern and change of suitable areas of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium under climate change in China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究气候变化下物种适生区的分布格局与变迁，对于物种的保护和资源的可持续利用具有重要的理论和实践意义。选取柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）与狭叶柴胡（Bupleurum scorzonerifolium）在中国地域内的381个有效分布点和36个环境因子，利用MaxEnt模型模拟当前以及未来（2050和2070年）两种气候情景下（RCP4.5和RCP8.5）其适生区的分布格局，并分析了制约其适生区分布的主导环境因子。结果表明：（1）影响柴胡适生区分布的主导环境因子为最湿月份降水量、最干季度平均温度以及海拔。影响狭叶柴胡适生区分布的主导环境因子为最湿月份降水量、温度季节性变化标准差以及海拔；（2）当前气候条件下，柴胡适生区总面积为1.4755×106km2，约占我国国土面积的15.37%，中、高度适生区主要分布在陕西南部、山西东部、甘肃东南部、山东中部、河北中西部等地；狭叶柴胡适生区总面积为1.8034×106km2，约占我国国土面积的18.78%，中、高度适生区主要分布在黑龙江西部和东部、内蒙古中部和东北部、河北北部、陕西中部等地。（3）未来气候背景下，两种柴胡总适生区面积呈现增加趋势。柴胡适生区分布质心向东北方向的高纬度地区迁移，狭叶柴胡适生区分布质心向西部方向的高海拔地区迁移。 Abstract:It is of great theoretical and practical importance to study the distribution patterns and changes of species suitable geographical distribution areas under the background of climate change for the protection of species and the sustainable use of resources. In this study, 381 effective distribution sites of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium in China (excluding duplicate, invalid and cultivated distribution sites) and 36 environmental factors (terrain, soil and climate data) were selected. Baesd on the data mentioned above, the spatial distribution patterns of the suitable geographical distribution areas, B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, were simulated by the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model under current climate and two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the future (2050 and 2070), respectively. Meanwhile, the dominant environmental factors that restrict the distribution of these two species suitable geographical distribution areas were analyzed. The results show that (1) Precipitation of wettest period (Bio13) was the most important environmental factor affecting the suitable geographical distribution areas of B. chinense, followed by mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio09), and altitude (Elevation). In the same way, precipitation of wettest period (Bio13), temperature seasonality (Bio04), and altitude (Elevation) are the dominant environmental factors that affect the distribution of B. scorzonerifolium suitable geographical distribution areas. (2) Under the current climate conditions, the total area of suitable geographical distribution areas for B. chinense is 1.4755×106km2, which is account for about 15.37% of the total land area of China. And the middle and high suitable geographical distribution areas are mainly distributed in southern Shaanxi, eastern Shanxi, southeastern Gansu, central Shandong, central and western Hebei, etc. At the same time, the total area of suitable geographical distribution areas for B. scorzonerifolium is 1.8034×106km2, accounting for approximately 18.78% of the total land area of China, of which the middle and high suitable geographical distribution areas are mainly distributed in western and eastern Heilongjiang, central and northeastern Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei and central Shaanxi, etc. (3) Under the background of future climate change, the total suitable geographical distribution area of two species of Bupleurum both shows an increasing trend. In term of the migration study of suitable geographical distribution geometric center, the suitable geographical distribution geometric center of B. chinense will step by step move to the high latitude area in the northeast, while the suitable geographical distribution geometric center of B. scorzonerifolium will gradually migrate to the high altitude areas in the west. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Chloroplast genome characterization of Bupleurum dracaenoides, a critically endangered woody species endemic to China, with insights of Apioideae phylogeny

Bupleurum dracaenoides, published in 2013, is a woody species of Bupleurum, and is critically endangered and endemic to southwest China. In this study, we reported for the first time the assembled and annotated complete chloroplast genome of B. dracaenoides based on high-throughput sequencing. The total chloroplast genome size is 155,140 bp in length, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,140 bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC, 85,323 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 17,537 bp). The genome consists of 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genome among four Bupleurum species showed that B. dracaenoides presented more variations relative to other three previously reported related species. Phylogenetic analysis of 42 Apiaceae species based on 66 protein-coding genes sequences showed that Bupleurum species formed an early diverged monophyletic clade of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae, the phylogenetic relationships among tribal level clades of Apioideae were consistent with those reported in previous studies.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (Apiaceae)

Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) is derived from two herbal materials, Bupleurum chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd. In this study, we constructed and annotated a complete circular chloroplast (cp) genome of B. scorzonerifolium. The cp genome of B. scorzonerifolium is 155,824 bp in length, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,317 bp, and the large single-copy (LSC) region is 85,591bp, while the small single-copy (SSC) region is 17,601 bp. The GC content of whole cp genome is 37.7%. 113 different genes were annotated in the genome, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that B. Scorzonerifolium and other species of Bupleurum formed a monophyletic clade, and the genus Bupleurum had deep development system in Apiaceae.

Total saikosaponin content in some species of Bupleurum L

The aim of this study was to determine the total saikosaponin content in some species of Bupleurum L. genus. For the first time, the saikosaponin content was investigated in roots of B. scorzonerifolium from Buryatia and Mongolia. The differences in the quantitative content of saikosaponins in the B. scorzonerifolium roots can be explained by the possible polymorphism of this plant. Dynamic change of the total saikosaponin content in roots of B. scorzonerifolium in different phenophases didn’t undergo significant changes. The total saikosaponin content was at the highest level in the roots of B. bicaule.

Phylogeny of Chinese Chamaesium (Apiaceae: Apioideae) inferred from ITS, cpDNA and morphological characters

Chamaesium (Apiaceae) is a morphologically specific genus distributed mainly at high altitudes from East Himalaya to Southwest China. China is an important diversity center of Chamaesium, where most of its species occur. It differs from most Apiaceae taxa by 1- pinnate leaf blade, and fruit with primary and secondary ribs all prominent to narrowly winged. The objective of the present study is to contribute to the phylogenetic relationships within Chamaesium, using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and three plastid makers (rpl16, rps16 and trnT-trnL). Nine species involving 28 populations of Chamaesium, three species of Bupleurum were collected this time and seven sequences of Pleurospermeae clade were obtained from the NCBI, to infer their phylogeny using Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses for the first time. The monophyly of Chamaesium is supported, proved that each species belongs to an individual clade, and the differentiation between species is obvious. Some new characteristics such as morphology in fruit and basal leaves, are used in the identification key, and new geographical distribution of Chamaesium species in China were provided. The taxonomic treatments for six species (not include the previously described species) in China including type materials, synonyms, distribution, habitats and specimens examined were carried out comprehensively referring to previous studies and our own fieldwork. A new identification key for the Chinese species of Chamaesium is reported.

A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia

A new species of Bupleurum, B. pamiricum Pimenov & Kljuykov, distributed in the Pamirs alpine plateau in Tajikistan and Afghanistan, is here described. Previously collections of this taxon have been attributed to either B. aitchisonii or B. gracillimum, but it differs from the first in the rootstocks not branching, thin roots, narrower stem leaves 3-6 (not 1-2) and from the second in the brown stylopods, thin stems, in the leaves almost not broadened at the base, and bracteole number. A taxonomic key to the five alpine species of Bupleurum, growing in High Asia, is also provided.

DNA barcoding Chinese medicinal Bupleurum

We tested 4 markers, namely nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), psbA-trnH, matK, and rbcL, to evaluate these candidate DNA barcodes for distinguishing Bupleuri radix (Chaihu) from its adulterants. 51 plant samples of Bupleurum representing 19 species were collected from different areas in China. Amplification and sequencing were attempted for all the 4 candidate barcode regions, whose validity was assessed in terms of the success rate of PCR amplification and sequencing, differential intra- and inter-specific divergences, DNA barcoding gap and the ability to discriminate species. The results showed that ITS2 had the best performance in identifying Bupleurum with an identification efficiency of 73.68%, which, after combining with psbA-trnH, increased to 83.33%. We further evaluated the efficiency of ITS2 for discriminating the species of Bupleurum using a large database from GenBank, which archived data of 223 samples from 74 species, and ITS2 successfully discriminated 64.13% of the samples at the species level. In conclusion, the ITS2 can serve as a potentially useful barcode for Bupleurum species, with psbA-trnH as a supplementary locus.

Saikosaponin‑d suppresses the expression of cyclooxygenase‑2 through the phospho‑signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and accounts for ~6% of all types of human cancer worldwide, particularly in Asia. The incidence and mortality rates in the USA have also rapidly increased. Saikosaponin‑d (SSD), a saponin derivative extracted from several species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae), possesses unique biological activities, including anti‑inflammatory, antihepatitic and immunomodulatory effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that SSD inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of HCC SMMC‑7721 cells by downregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2 and decreasing the production of prostaglandin E2. However, the specific mechanism underlying how SSD controls the expression of COX‑2 remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that hypoxia inducible factor‑1α(HIF‑1α) was responsible for the expression of COX‑2 under hypoxic conditions in HCC cells, and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was required for the expression of HIF‑1α. SSD treatment inhibited STAT3 activation [phosphorylation of STAT3 (p‑STAT3)], reduced the protein level of HIF‑1α and decreased the expression of COX‑2. These results suggested that SSD may target HCC cells by suppressing the expression of COX‑2 through the p‑STAT3/HIF‑1α pathway.

Prediction of Origin and Dispersal of the Chinese Genus Bupleurum using RASP Software

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 26 Chinese species of Bupleurum were firstly conducted using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer( ITS) and cpDNA rps16 based on the RASP( Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies) software,including the Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis( S-DIVA) and Binary Bayesian MCMC methods( BBM). Seseli squarrulosum and S. mairei were used as out-groups. Our findings indicate that the proportion of ancestor distributions are most probably from the South China based on ITS and rps16 sequences in special spots,and Southern China is mostly likely the Chinese origin for Bupleurum. The likelihood of dispersal is highest at 20 and 2. 5 megayear before present( Ma Bp),and lowest at 15 Ma Bp in the Time-Event curve. Our study further suggests that the scatter distributions are in North China,and species in northern China were separated from the southern conspecific during the 20 Ma Bp( Lu-shan glacial substage). Species from southern China dispersed outwards via various routes. The genus Bupleurum had a low rate of dispersal at 15 Ma Bp when the southern regions provided refuge for species during the cooling period. Both southern and northern species diversified and dispersed again at 2. 5 Ma Bp( Dali glacial substage) due to the uplift of Qing-Zang Plateau.

<I>Bupleurum dracaenoides</I> (Subgenus <I>Bupleurum</I>, Apiaceae): a New Shrubby Species from Southwestern China

Bupleurum dracaenoides, a new woody species endemic to southwestern China, is described and illustrated. This new species differs markedly in morphology from previously known congeneric species. It is characterized by its shrubby habit, with woody stems up to 1 m tall. The leaves are clustered at the top of the woody stems, the involucral bracts are ovate and unequal, the bracteoles are usually ovate or suborbicular and the pedicels of the mature fruits exceed the bracteoles. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that Bupleurum dracaenoides belongs to a small subclade of subgenus Bupleurum and is sister to Bupleurum polyclonum. Relationships to other woody species of Bupleurum are discussed.

Differentiation of species of Bupleurum and its changes

Bupleurum is originated from the genus of Bupleurum chinensis DC of Umbelliferae. In China, the species of bupleurum for medicinal used are very complicate. During the Han-Tang Dynasties the bupleurum used covered a variety of its genera from Umbelliferae. "Yinzhou bupleurum" is the most famous in the Song Dynasty. Due to the continuous deterioration of its growing environment, the resources of the wild species of Yinzhou Bupleurum was declined, hence, those grown in other locations gradually attracted people's interests. Bupleutum was differentiated as Northern and Southern ones in the Ming Dynasty based on its different properties. Similar in its morphology and growing location to the Yinzhou Bupleurum, the Stellaria dichotoma lanceolata of the Caryophyllaceae was used as a substitute for the former. However, due to its prominent medicinal effects different from the Yinzhou one, the latter was continuously applied as a new herb. There are 2 great varieties of bupleurum used in modern times, the Bupleurum chinensis DC, and the Bupleurm scorzonerifolium Willd. Since the species of bupleurum in the current market are very complicate, and its clinical applications are quite confused, standardization and strengthening of its research are badly needed so as to promote its marketing.

Combination of effective machine learning techniques and chemometric analysis for evaluation of Bupleuri Radix through high-performance thin-layer chromatography

Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), the root of Bupleurum chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine authenticated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There are also several variations available from local herbal markets, for example, the roots of B. falcatum, B. bicaule, and B. marginatum var. stenophyllum. In the current study, we collected 64 Chaihu samples, including 33 authenticated samples and 31 commercial samples. Test solutions of all the examples were analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to assess the principal bio-active components (saikosaponins). The HPTLC fluorescent images acquired were analyzed by sophisticated image processing techniques for comprehensive quantification. High dimensional features for both gray-scale and true color images were constructed for the raw images. Classical classification algorithms, including naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors, neural network and logistic, were used to construct prediction models. To gain an insight into the principal components while evaluating the Chaihu sample, feature selection and ensemble feature selection methods were further combined with the classifiers to enhance the discrimination power. Ensemble feature selection was shown to achieve superior performance. Experimental results demonstrated that the roots of Chaihu from different species of the genus Bupleurum could be readily distinguished so that commercial samples could be easily classified.

Flavonoids and phenylpropanoids from several species of Bupleurum growing in Buryatia

Flavonoids and phenylpropanoids from several species of Bupleurum growing in Buryatia

Antidepressant-like effects of total saikosaponins of Bupleurum yinchowense in mice

Bupleurum is known traditionally to effectively treat depressive-like disorders in East Asia. Pharmacological studies have been carried out on several species of Bupleurum, such asBupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum falcatum L. Bupleurum yinchowense, the same genus of Bupleurum R. H. Shan and Yin Li, is abundantly distributed in the Northwest of China and is widely used in folk medicine, but few reports explore its antidepressant-like activities. In the present study, it was observed that the total saikosaponins isolated from B. yinchowense (75 and 150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension test in mice after 7-day treatment. In the chronic mild stress model, chronic treatment with the total saikosaponins isolated from B. yinchowense (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased the sucrose intake in the sucrose preference test and decreased the latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test. In addition, the total saikosaponins isolated from B. yinchowense augmented the diminished monoamine neurotransmitter concentrations (5-HT, DA and NE) in the prefrontal cortex induced by chronic mild stress. Taken together, our results suggest that the total saikosaponins isolated from B. yinchowense exerts an antidepressant-like action by modulating the 5-HT, DA and NE levels in the prefrontal cortex. Key words: Chronic mild stress, mice, antidepressant, neurotransmitter, Bupleurum yinchowense.